Оценка экологического влияния нефтеперерабатывающего предприятия на окружающую среду

У статті розглянуто і проаналізовано можливий вплив типового нафтопереробного підприємства на навколишнє середовище. Визначено шкідливі речовини, що викидаються в атмосферу на нафтопереробном підприємстві, їх основні джерела та причини викидів у навколишнє середовище. Виконано розрахунок валових викидів шкідливих речовин в атмосферу для підприємста нафтопереробки. Також охарактеризовані технологічні заходи щодо зниження викидів шкідливих речовин та запропоновано основні засоби для зменшення негативного впливу майбутнього нафтопереробного заводу на навколишнє середовище.The article describes and analyzes the potential impact of a typical oil refinery on the environment. Certain harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere by neftepererab consultation, their main sources and causes of releases to the environment. The calculation of gross emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere for enterprises of oil refining. Also characterized by technological measures to reduce emissions of harmful substances and provides the basic tools to reduce the negative impact of the future of the refinery on the environment.В статье рассмотрено и проанализировано возможное влияние типового нефтеперерабатывающего предприятия на окружающую среду. Определены вредные вещества, выбрасываемые в атмосферу на нафтопереробном предприятии, их основные источники и причины выбросов в окружающую среду. Выполнен расчет валовых выбросов вредных веществ в атмосферу для предприятия нефтепереработки. Также охарактеризованы технологические мероприятия по снижению выбросов вредных веществ и предложены основные средства для уменьшения негативного влияния будущего нефтеперерабатывающего завода на окружающую среду

ВИРУСНЫЙ ГЕПАТИТ А С РАЗВИТИЕМ АПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЙ АНЕМИИ У РЕБЕНКА 5 ЛЕТ (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)

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МУКОРМИКОЗ У ДЕТЕЙ С ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ И ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ В САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ

In prospective multicenter study were included 20 pediatriconcohematologic patients with mucormycosis. Age: 3 – 17 yy (median – 11), females – 60%. The diagnosiswas made according to EORTC/MSG 2008 criteria (post mortem – 25%). The main underlying disease was acutel eukemia (70%), risk factors – prolong severe neutropenia (median – 31 d) and lymphocytopenia (median – 33 d) after cytostatic chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. Etiology agents were Lichtheimia corуmbifera, Rhizopus spp. and Rhizomucor spp. Main sites of infection were lungs (65%) and paranasal synuses (30%), dissemination – 45%. Antifungal therapy (amphotericin B lipid coplex, posaconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B) was used in 75% patients, surgery – 30%. Overall mortality in 12 weeks was 70%.В проспективное многоцентровое исследование включили 20 детей с гематологическими и онкологическими заболеваниями, осложнившимися мукормикозом. Возраст – от 3 до 17 лет (медиана – 11 лет), девочки – 60%. Диагноз мукормикоза был установлен согласно критериям EORTC/MSG, 2008 (post mortem – 25%). Установлено, что мукормикоз развивается преимущественно у больных острым лейкозом (70%), на фоне длительного агранулоцитоза (медиана – 31 день) и лимфоцитопении (медиана – 33 дня) после интенсивной цитостатической и/или иммуносупрессивной терапии, а также трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Возбудители: Lichtheimia corуmbifera, Rhizopus spp. и Rhizomucor spp. Заболевание начинается с поражения легких (65%) и придаточных пазух носа (30%), диссеминацию выявили у 45% пациентов. Антимикотическую терапию (липидный комплекс амфотерицина В, позаконазол, каспофунгин, амфотерицин В) проводили 75% больных, хирургическое лечение – 30%. Общая летальность в течение 12 недель составила 70%

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods: The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings: We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation: Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding: Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

A user's guide to the Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE)

The mission of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project is to enable the scientific and medical communities to interpret the human genome sequence and apply it to understand human biology and improve health. The ENCODE Consortium is integrating multiple technologies and approaches in a collective effort to discover and define the functional elements encoded in the human genome, including genes, transcripts, and transcriptional regulatory regions, together with their attendant chromatin states and DNA methylation patterns. In the process, standards to ensure high-quality data have been implemented, and novel algorithms have been developed to facilitate analysis. Data and derived results are made available through a freely accessible database. Here we provide an overview of the project and the resources it is generating and illustrate the application of ENCODE data to interpret the human genome

Opracowanie technologii dla likwidacji ekologicznych szkód wypadków transportowych

We have carried out scientific research defining the ways of toxic loads migration, which polluted the environment as a result of transport accidents. We have defined the most important factors influencing the character of migration in the most widely spread soils of Ukraine and assessed the risk of toxicants penetration into the air, surface water sources or underground water carrying horizons. On the basis of the research we have worked out a number of proposals concerning organizational measures and technical decisions aimed at overcoming negative ecological consequences caused by these accidents. Wastes of some productions or accessible natural materials as well as up-to-date adsorbents and composites are considered to be the most suitable and perspective for the solution of these problems

Distributed learning process: principles of design and implementation

At the present stage, broad information and communication technologies (ICT) usage in educational practices is one of the leading trends of global education system development. This trend has led to the instructional interaction models transformation. Scientists have developed the theory of distributed cognition (Salomon, G., Hutchins, E.), and distributed education and training (Fiore, S. M., Salas, E., Oblinger, D. G., Barone, C. A., Hawkins, B. L.). Educational process is based on two separated in time and space sub-processes of learning and teaching which are aimed at the organization of fl exible interactions between learners, teachers and educational content located in different non-centralized places.The purpose of this design research is to fi nd a solution for the problem of formalizing distributed learning process design and realization that is signifi cant in instructional design. The solution to this problem should take into account specifi cs of distributed interactions between team members, which becomes collective subject of distributed cognition in distributed learning process. This makes it necessary to design roles and functions of the individual team members performing distributed educational activities. Personal educational objectives should be determined by decomposition of team objectives into functional roles of its members with considering personal and learning needs and interests of students.Theoretical and empirical methods used in the study: theoretical analysis of philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical literature on the issue, analysis of international standards in the e-learning domain; exploration on practical usage of distributed learning in academic and corporate sectors; generalization, abstraction, cognitive modelling, ontology engineering methods.Result of the research is methodology for design and implementation of distributed learning process based on the competency approach. Methodology proposed by authors determines specifi cs of educational objectives, learning content and distributed learning lifecycle design, approaches to implementing learning scenarios, as well as the functions and roles of students and teachers in a distributed interaction. Main advantage of the author’s methodology is that it allows to use various paradigms (behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism) in instructional design. It is applicable to all levels of distributed learning: traditional face-to-face learning with ICT support, blended learning, distance learning in virtual learning environments.Conclusion. Methodology presented by the authors has been tested in the professional teachers training programs for IT-teachers to be at the Novokuznetsk Institute (Branch) of Kemerovo State University in the curriculum of disciplines ‘Educational process management informatization’, ‘Innovative methods and technologies for e-learning’ and ‘Distance learning organization’

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY OF MEDICAL STUDENTS

Aim. This longitudinal study was conducted to examine the indicators of physical development and physical efficiency of students of the Kuban State Medical University during five years of their study.Materials and methods. There was carried out a comparative analysis of the anthropometric data dynamics, the indices of physical development proportionality of Erismann, Pignier and Quetelet, and  the physical efficiency level of the students of the Kuban State Medical University during five years of their study.Results. Physical development of the students almost has not changed by the 5th year of their study. It corresponds with the age standards of the examined group.Conclusion. For optimizing the educational process during the physical education classes the physical activity of students needs to be increased as well as the amount of training in extracurricular time