Créativité et apprentissage: quelles mises en oeuvre chez les jeunes enseignants fribourgeois ?

Notre travail de diplôme vise à mettre en avant la mise en oeuvre de la créativité chez les jeunes enseignants du canton de Fribourg. Par le biais de notre démarche qualitative, nous cherchons à faire un état des lieux de la concrétisation de la créativité dans les apprentissages. Notre travail prend ses racines au carrefour de cette double injonction contradictoire omniprésente du système scolaire où l’on demande à l’élève de « faire ce qu’attend le maître » tout en « trouvant des solutions par lui-même ». Après un éclairage conceptuel de la notion de créativité et de ce qu’il en découle, nous questionnons des enseignants tant sur leurs conceptions que leurs pratiques. Pour ce faire, nous avons interrogé sept enseignants (3 du cycle I et 4 du cycle II) en fonction depuis 2 à 9 ans. Après avoir transcrit chaque entretien, nous avons procédé au codage des données à l’aide du logiciel HyperResearch. A l’issu du codage, plusieurs aspects en ressortent : Les conceptions de la créativité chez les enseignants font majoritairement références à « l’imagination. » D’autres, sont plus disparates : « Sortir de sa zone de confort », « faire beaucoup avec rien », « nécessite des contraintes ». Sa mise en oeuvre n’est pas tributaire des disciplines chez les enseignants d’1-2H, alors qu’elle l’est plus au cycle II. Les enseignants soulèvent différentes raisons de la mettre en oeuvre dans les apprentissages : pour certains, il s’agit d’une demande de la société ou encore d’un besoin au quotidien, pour d’autres, la créativité a un impact positif sur le développement de la personne ou de ses apprentissages. Pour davantage optimiser la créativité, les enseignants auraient besoin de plus de temps à disposition dans leur programme, qu’ils trouvent exigeant. A la vue des différentes études menées en lien avec la créativité et compte tenu de nos résultats, nous prenons conscience de la complexité et de la densité du sujet. Cette recherche ne vise pas un résultat exhaustif, mais amorce une réflexion tant au niveau de nos représentations qu’au niveau de notre pratique

Effect of exercise on taxane chemotherapy–induced peripheral neuropathy in women with breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial

Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting adverse effect of taxanes. We sought to evaluate the effect of exercise on taxane CIPN in women with breast cancer. Patients and Methods Women (n = 27) were randomized to immediate exercise (IE, during taxane chemotherapy) or delayed exercise (DE, after chemotherapy). Supervised aerobic, resistance, and balance training was offered 3 days a week for 8-12 weeks. CIPN symptoms and quality of life were assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ) C30 and CIPN20 (scored from 0 to 100). The percentage of participants reporting moderate to severe sensory symptoms (‘3/4’ or ‘4/4’ for CIPN20 sensory items) was also evaluated, along with clinical sensory testing at the lower limb (vibration sense and pinprick). Taxane treatment adherence, including relative dose intensity, was extracted from patient medical records. Assessments occurred at: baseline (before taxane chemotherapy), pre-cycle 4 (before the final taxane cycle), the end of chemotherapy, and follow-up (10-15 weeks after chemotherapy). Results No differences in the EORTC QLQ CIPN20 symptom scores were detected between groups at any time point. At pre-cycle 4, there was a significant difference between groups in patient-reported moderate to severe numbness in the toes or feet (IE: n = 1, 9%, DE: n = 7, 50%, P = .04) and impaired vibration sense in the feet (IE: n = 2, 18%, DE: n = 10, 83%, P < .01). Overall global health status/quality of life was higher in IE compared to DE at the end of chemotherapy (P = .05), yet both groups had worse CIPN20 sensory (Δ24.3 ± 4.6, P < .01) and motor symptom scores (Δ10.5 ± 1.9, P < .01) relative to baseline. By the end of chemotherapy, no differences between groups were found for moderate to severe numbness in the toes or feet (P = 1.0) or impaired vibration sense in the feet (P = .71). More IE participants received ≥ 85% relative dose intensity (IE: n = 12, 100%, DE: n = 10, 67%, P < .05). Conclusion Exercise may attenuate CIPN over the course of taxane chemotherapy and possibly improve taxane adherence in women with breast cancer. These findings, as well as whether exercise can attenuate CIPN by the end of taxane chemotherapy, should be confirmed in larger trials

Effect of Exercise on Taxane Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Women With Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting adverse effect of taxanes. We sought to evaluate the effect of exercise on taxane CIPN in women with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women (n = 27) were randomized to immediate exercise (IE, during taxane chemotherapy) or delayed exercise (DE, after chemotherapy). Supervised aerobic, resistance, and balance training was offered 3 days a week for 8-12 weeks. CIPN symptoms and quality of life were assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ) C30 and CIPN20 (scored from 0 to 100). The percentage of participants reporting moderate to severe sensory symptoms (\u273/4\u27 or \u274/4\u27 for CIPN20 sensory items) was also evaluated, along with clinical sensory testing at the lower limb (vibration sense and pinprick). Taxane treatment adherence, including relative dose intensity, was extracted from patient medical records. Assessments occurred at: baseline (before taxane chemotherapy), pre-cycle 4 (before the final taxane cycle), the end of chemotherapy, and follow-up (10-15 weeks after chemotherapy). RESULTS: No differences in the EORTC QLQ CIPN20 symptom scores were detected between groups at any time point. At pre-cycle 4, there was a significant difference between groups in patient-reported moderate to severe numbness in the toes or feet (IE: n = 1, 9%, DE: n = 7, 50%, P = .04) and impaired vibration sense in the feet (IE: n = 2, 18%, DE: n = 10, 83%, P \u3c .01). Overall global health status/quality of life was higher in IE compared to DE at the end of chemotherapy (P = .05), yet both groups had worse CIPN20 sensory (Δ24.3 ± 4.6, P \u3c .01) and motor symptom scores (Δ10.5 ± 1.9, P \u3c .01) relative to baseline. By the end of chemotherapy, no differences between groups were found for moderate to severe numbness in the toes or feet (P = 1.0) or impaired vibration sense in the feet (P = .71). More IE participants received ≥ 85% relative dose intensity (IE: n = 12, 100%, DE: n = 10, 67%, P \u3c .05). CONCLUSION: Exercise may attenuate CIPN over the course of taxane chemotherapy and possibly improve taxane adherence in women with breast cancer. These findings, as well as whether exercise can attenuate CIPN by the end of taxane chemotherapy, should be confirmed in larger trials

Chemotherapy-periodized Exercise to Accommodate for Cyclical Variation in Fatigue.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide a rationale for \u27chemotherapy-periodized\u27 exercise by characterizing cyclical variations in fatigue and exercise response across a chemotherapy cycle and comparing exercise adherence during chemotherapy between a prescription that is periodized according to chemotherapy cycle length and a standard linearly progressed prescription. METHODS: Women with breast cancer who were prescribed taxane-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned to a supervised aerobic and resistance exercise program following a chemotherapy-periodized exercise prescription (n=12) or to usual care during chemotherapy (n=15). Fatigue and steady state exercise responses were assessed in both groups prior to the first taxane treatment and across the third treatment (i.e., 0-3 days prior and 3-5 days after the third treatment, and 0-3 days prior to the fourth treatment) to assess cyclical variations. Adherence to the chemotherapy-periodized exercise prescription was compared to adherence to a standard linear prescription from a prior study in a similar population (n=51). RESULTS: Fatigue increased from baseline (marginal mean±standard error: 3.2±0.4) to prior to the third treatment (4.1±0.4, p=0.025), then peaked at 3-5 days after the third treatment (5.1±0.4, p=0.001), before recovering prior to the next treatment (4.3±0.5, p=0.021). The peak in fatigue at 3-5 days post-third treatment corresponded to a decrease in steady state exercise oxygen consumption (VO2) (p=0.013). Compared to a standard linear exercise prescription during chemotherapy, a chemotherapy-periodized exercise prescription resulted in higher attendance during the week after chemotherapy (57±30% vs 77±28%, p=0.04) and overall attendance (63+25% vs 78±23%, p=0.05). CONCLUSION: Fatigue and exercise VO2 vary across a chemotherapy cycle. A chemotherapy-periodized exercise prescription that accommodates cyclical variations in fatigue may increase adherence to supervised exercise