ISLAMIST MOVEMENTS IN MOROCCO AND THEIR TYPOLOGY

The Islamist movements are far from homogenous. Pluralistic by nature, Moroccan Islamism can be divided into two groups: The Party of Justice and Development (Hizbo al- adala wa- Tanmia, PJD) under the direction of Abdelilah Benkiran, and Justice and Charity (al- adl wal- Ihsan, JC) led by Mohamed Abbadi. All groups and organizations that constituted Islamist movements have different and diverse objectives. While the nonpolitical groups have no concrete political objectives, they have a number of goals closely linked to the religious and moralistic dimension of Islam. On the other hand, the Islamist political movements, which are the subject of this study, target the restructuring of state- society relations in the image of Islam's early golden years; others raised issues of equity and justice in open public discourse. The study traces back the birth and the growth of Islamist movements, mainly apolitical Salafists and militants, whereas the Islamist political movements that grow from a group to a party have evolved drastically and differently

IS ISLAM USED AS A POLITICAL IDEOLOGY? WHY AND HOW? PJD MOROCCO AS A CASE STUDY

The twentieth century saw a rapid rise of groups of Muslims who use Islam as an ideological weapon for their political ends. This is the current commonly referred to in scholarly and media writings as Islamism and its proponents are designated as 'Islamists', not Muslims, in order to stress that they are attributing an ideological dimension to Islam.Unlike some Islam oriented parties, the PJD (Party of Justice and Development) in Morocco does not focus on the following precepts: madawiyya (a return to the Islamic principles), shumuliyya (a comprehensive application of Islam in all sphere of life) and al da'awa al nidaliyya (a call for struggle to bring about the Islamization of the state and society). To demystify this exception, my approach draws on aspects of Adonis's study of the Islamic tradition (the Constant and the Changing), The Order of Discourse of M. Foucault 1971 and Lotman's idea on the study of text in relation to the outside world or context

IS ISLAM USED AS A POLITICAL IDEOLOGY? WHY AND HOW? PJD MOROCCO AS A CASE STUDY

The twentieth century saw a rapid rise of groups of Muslims who use Islam as an ideological weapon for their political ends. This is the current commonly referred to in scholarly and media writings as Islamism and its proponents are designated as 'Islamists', not Muslims, in order to stress that they are attributing an ideological dimension to Islam.Unlike some Islam oriented parties, the PJD (Party of Justice and Development) in Morocco does not focus on the following precepts: madawiyya (a return to the Islamic principles), shumuliyya (a comprehensive application of Islam in all sphere of life) and al da'awa al nidaliyya (a call for struggle to bring about the Islamization of the state and society). To demystify this exception, my approach draws on aspects of Adonis's study of the Islamic tradition (the Constant and the Changing), The Order of Discourse of M. Foucault 1971 and Lotman's idea on the study of text in relation to the outside world or context

L'enfermement Identitaire Dans Le Cinema Marocain Moderne

This article analyses the Moroccan cinema during the period (1990- 2000) since it focuses on a central issue of its discursive and esthetic unity. Thus, the article addresses the question of confinement. In other words, in this paper we seek to reflect on the unifying desire and the confined collective identity. In fact, this cinematography deals mainly with a quasiarchaic Moroccan society which is confined in the rigidity of an Arab- Islamic identity. Besides, we adopt am esthetic scenographic approach to delineate the Moroccan society's imprisonment within the borders of immutable values. In this paper, the main protagonists in the movies under scrutiny do not enjoy their status as modern heroes; on the contrary, they only access this role when they are deemed as desire objects in quest for a space of freedom and liberty

Anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects of tomentosin: Cellular and molecular mechanisms

Tomentosin is a natural compound known for its presence in some medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family such as Inula viscosa. Recent studies have highlighted its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Its anticancer mechanisms are unique and act at different levels ranging from cellular organization to molecular transcriptional factors and epigenetic modifications. Tomentosin’s possession of the modulatory effect on telomerase expression on tumor cell lines has captured the interest of researchers and spurred a more robust study on its anticancer effect. Since inflammation has a close link with cancer disease, this natural compound appears to be a potential cancer-fighting drug. Indeed, its recently demonstrated anti-inflammatory action can be considered as a starting point for its evaluation as an anticancer chemo-preventive agent

HPLC-DAD/TOF-MS Chemical Compounds Analysis and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Aristolochia longa Root Extracts

The present study aimed to determine the phenolic compounds of Arislolochia Ion& root extracts and to evaluate their antibacterial activities on multiresistant strains. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The HPLC-DAD analysis of A. longa extracts showed the presence of several major bioactive compounds such as ferulic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, citric acid, and quinic acid. The agar diffusion method was used for the sensitivity test, while minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration values were determined by microdilution assay. Different tests were carried out on 3 clinical multiresistant strains and 3 reference strains. The diameter of inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 induced by the ethyl acetate fraction at 200 mg/mL was 25 +/- 1 mm. Moreover, Escherichia coli ATCC 29522 showed a great sensitivity toward all the concentrations tested. The MICs of the active extracts vary between 12.5 and 100 mg/mL with a bacteriostatic effect on Pseudomonas aemginosa ATCC 27853, Enterococcus faecalis, and S. aureus ATCC 25923.Peer reviewe