The Senility of Group Solidarity and Contemporary Multiculturalism: a Word of Warning from a Medieval Arabic Thinker

This paper discusses the thought of the medieval Maghrebin thinker Ibn Khaldun through the prism of the philosophy and sociology of law and politics. I will first try to illustrate how, even if Ibn Khaldun wrote in the fourteenth century, he anticipated many core concepts that are characteristic of modern Western sociological and philosophical thought. The argument is thus made that his thought can, and indeed must, be rescued from the wide neglect that, outside the specialized field of Khaldunian studies, it has so far suffered in our treatment and teaching of the history of politico\u2010legal sociological thought. I will then claim that the scheme he devised to explain the rise and fall of civilizations can also, with due care, be used to frame and understand the political and cultural landscape in which the West and the Islamic world are presently engaged in a difficult dialogue. The discussion is in this sense offered in the hope of making a contribution to the current politico\u2010legal philosophical and sociological debate on multiculturalism, and on the limits of its scope

Accounting for International War: The State of the Discipline

In studies of war it is important to observe that the processes leading to so frequent an event as conflict are not necessarily those that lead to so infrequent an event as war. Also, many models fail to recognize that a phenomenon irregularly distributed in time and space, such as war, cannot be explained on the basis of relatively invariant phenomena. Much research on periodicity in the occurrence of war has yielded little result, suggesting that the direction should now be to focus on such variables as diffusion and contagion. Structural variables, such as bipolarity, show contradictory results with some clear inter-century differences. Bipolarity, some results suggest, might have different effects on different social entities. A considerable number of studies analysing dyadic variables show a clear connection between equal capabilities among contending nations and escalation of conflict into war. Finally, research into national attributes often points to strength and geographical location as important variables. In general, the article concludes, there is room for modest optimism, as research into the question of war is no longer moving in non-cumulative circles. Systematic research is producing results and there is even a discernible tendency of convergence, in spite of a great diversity in theoretical orientations.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69148/2/10.1177_002234338101800101.pd

Fonctions sociologiques des guerres

Bouthoul G. : Soziologische Funktionen der Kriege. Erläuternde Hypothese der Kriegsverluste, Analyse der ständigen Auswirkungen des « Phänomens Krieg », das unabhängig von seinen historischen Funktionen ein Instrument zur Wiederherstellung des demographischwirtschaftlichen Gleichgewichts ist, wobei « es an seiner Funktion verliert ». Die Friedenspläne mussen auf den soziologischen Funktionen beruhen, die die ständige Infrastruktur des Krieges ausmachen. Um eine Abrustung wirksam zu gestalten, muss sie von soziologischen und demographischen Gesichtspunkten geleitet sein.Бутул Г. : Социологическая роль войны. Гипотетическое толкование военных потерь, анализ неизменных последствий «войны как явления», которое, независимо от его исторической роли, способствует каждый раз установлению нового демографического и экономического равновесия. Это значение войны постепенно снижается. Планы установления мира должны исходить из социологической роли войны, составляющей ее постоянную основу. Чтобы быть действительным, разоружение должно быть социологическим и демографическим.Bouthoul G. : Sociological Function of Wars. Interpretative hypothesis of the losses of war and an analysis of the « war phenomenon » which, independent of its historical functions, is an instrument of demographic and economic re-equilibration. Plans for peace must be based on sociological functions, the permanent infrastrucure of war. To be efficient disarmament must be sociological and demographical.Bouthoul G. : Funciones sociológicas de las guerras. Hipótesis interpretativa de las pérdidas de guerra, análisis de los efectos estables de la « guerra-fenómeno » la cual, independientemente de sus funciones históricas, es un instrumento de reequilibrio demoeconómico, aunque « con pérdida de función ». Los planes de paz deben fundarse en las funciones sociológicas, infraestructura permanente de la guerra. Para que un desarme sea eficaz debe ser sociológico y demográfico a la vez.Bouthoul Gaston. Fonctions sociologiques des guerres. In: Revue française de sociologie, 1961, 2-2. Guerre - Armée - Société. pp. 15-21

Teori-Teori Filsafat Sosial Ibn Khaldun

133 hlm, 18c

Các cấu trúc xã hội học = Les structures sociologiques

420 tr. ; 21 cm