Risk factors for MERS coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Morocco, 2015

Understanding Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) transmission in dromedary camels is important, as they consitute a source of zoonotic infection to humans. To identify risk factors for MERS-CoV infection in camels bred in diverse conditions in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and Morocco, blood samples and nasal swabs were sampled in February-March 2015. A relatively high MERS-CoV RNA rate was detected in Ethiopia (up to 15.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.2-28.0), followed by Burkina Faso (up to 12.2%; 95% CI: 7-20.4) and Morocco (up to 7.6%; 95% CI: 1.9-26.1). The RNA detection rate was higher in camels bred for milk or meat than in camels for transport (p = 0.01) as well as in younger camels (p = 0.06). High seropositivity rates (up to 100%; 95% CI: 100-100 and 99.4%; 95% CI: 95.4-99.9) were found in Morocco and Ethiopia, followed by Burkina Faso (up to 84.6%; 95% CI: 77.2-89.9). Seropositivity rates were higher in large/medium herds (≥51 camels) than small herds (p = 0.061), in camels raised for meat or milk than for transport (p = 0.01), and in nomadic or sedentary herds than in herds with a mix of these lifestyles (p < 0.005).published_or_final_versio

Large-scale international validation of an indirect ELISA based on recombinant nucleocapsid protein of rift valley fever virus for the detection of IgG antibody in domestic ruminants

Diagnostic performance of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) based on a recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rNP) of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) was validated for the detection of the IgG antibody in sheep (n = 3367), goat (n = 2632), and cattle (n = 3819) sera. Validation data sets were dichotomized according to the results of a virus neutralization test in sera obtained from RVF-endemic (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Senegal, Uganda, and Yemen) and RVF-free countries (France, Poland, and the USA). Cut-off values were defined using the two-graph receiver operating characteristic analysis. Estimates of the diagnostic specificity of the RVFV rNP I-ELISA in animals from RVF-endemic countries ranged from 98.6% (cattle) to 99.5% (sheep) while in those originating from RVF-free countries, they ranged from 97.7% (sheep) to 98.1% (goats). Estimates of the diagnostic sensitivity in ruminants from RVF-endemic countries ranged from 90.7% (cattle) to 100% (goats). The results of this large-scale international validation study demonstrate the high diagnostic accuracy of the RVFV rNP I-ELISA. Standard incubation and inactivation procedures evaluated did not have an adverse effect on the detectable levels of the anti-RVFV IgG in ruminant sera and thus, together with recombinant antigen-based I-ELISA, provide a simple, safe, and robust diagnostic platform that can be automated and carried out outside expensive bio-containment facilities. These advantages are particularly important for less-resourced countries where there is a need to accelerate and improve RVF surveillance and research on epidemiology as well as to advance disease control measures.The International Atomic Energy Agencyhttp://www.mdpi.com/journal/virusespm2021Medical Virolog

Evaluation des pertes en veaux par abattage des femelles gravides a l’abattoir frigorifique de ouagadougou

No Abstract

Rift Valley Fever in Camels in Northern Burkina Faso

This study was done in three provinces located in Northern Burkina Faso, home of about 15705 camels. To investigate Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in these animals, serological examinations including Seroneutralisation Test (SNT) were performed on 270 camel serum samples. Positive results were obtained in 140 (51.85%) camels thus tested. Seventy five percent of seropositive camels were adult ≥ than 4 years old and the remaining 25% were young ranging from 8 months to 4 years. The results of the questionnaires administrated during the sampling to the shepherds and owners showed that association of abortion and mortalities in young animals were often observed. The survey revealed that high prevalence of RVFV is observed in camels in the sahelian desert zone of Burkina Faso which is not routinely diagnosed. Recommendations for systematic RVF investigation in camels and others domestic ruminants were made in order to improve the animal productivity. Habitual consumption of raw milk and close contact with infected animals signify possible zoonotic importance of RVF in the studied area. A risk assessment of the disease should be also undertaken in order to understanding the epidemiology and knowledge of the disease in the country and the sahelian region.Keywords: Serology, Camel, Rift Valley Fever, IgG, IgM, Seroneutralisation, Public health, Northern Burkina Faso

Rift Valley Fever in Camels in Northern Burkina Faso

This study was done in three provinces located in Northern Burkina Faso, home of about 15705 camels. To investigate Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in these animals, serological examinations including Virus neutralization Test (VNT) were performed on 270 camel serum samples. Positive results were obtained in 140 (51.85%) camels thus tested. Seventy five percent of seropositive camels were adult ≥ than 4 years old and the remaining 25% were young ranging from 8 months to 4 years. The results of the questionnaires administrated during the sampling to the shepherds and owners showed that association of abortion and mortalities in young animals were often observed. The survey revealed that high prevalence of RVFV is observed in camels in the sahelian desert zone of Burkina Faso which is not routinely diagnosed. Recommendations for systematic RVF investigation in camels and others domestic ruminants were made in order to improve the animal productivity. Habitual consumption of raw milk and close contact with infected animals signify possible zoonotic importance of RVF in the studied area. A risk assessment of the disease should be also undertaken in order to understanding the epidemiology and knowledge of the disease in the country and the sahelian region.Keywords: Serology, Camel, Rift Valley Fever, IgG, IgM, Seroneutralisation, Public health, Northern Burkina Faso

Enquete sero-epidemiologique sur la tuberculose, la brucellose, la toxoplasmose, la rhinotracheite infectiuse et les salmonelles abortives chez les animaux bresiliens introduits au Bukinafaso

A survey on tuberculosis, brucellosis, bovine infectious rhinotracheitis, toxoplasmosis and abortive salmonellosis has been carried out in Brazilian breeds (Gyr and Gyrolando) introduced in Burkina Faso. The study has concerned two livestock system : The modern system with two herds located in Koubri and Loumbila (rearing station of the Centre National d’Elevage et d’Amélioration Génétique (CNEAG). The traditional system with the agro-pastoral zone’s herd of Kikideni, eastern Burkina Faso. Animals (n = 273) have been tested for the presence of tuberculosis, brucellosis, bovine infectious rhinotrachetis (IBR), toxoplasmosis and salmonellosis.Results have shown a prevalence of 16.42%, 7.32%, 3%, 77.73%, and 76.04%of for brucellosis, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, bovine infectious rhinotracheitis and abortive salmonellosis respectively. Results have also revealed a high seroprevalence rate for abortive diseases which are not routinely diagnosed in Burkina Faso such as toxoplasmosis and salmonellosis and the presence of multiple abortive infections within the same animal. This survey suggested systematic control of abortive diseases which could improve animal productivity

Target priority transboundary animal diseases and zoonoses in the IGAD region for control interventions

Prioritization of transboundary animal diseases (TADs) and zoonoses in the IGAD region was conducted by IGAD Member States, namely, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan together with support from ICPALD and AU-IBAR. The main aim of the exercise was to develop clear control strategies and policies for focussing disease control efforts and the limited resources on few diseases in order to achieve efficient and effective disease control. The prioritization methodology for transboundary animal diseases and zoonoses according to Phylum was applied, taking into considerations, economic impact, human health importance, societal impact, environmental impact, feasibility of control methods and the ecological impact of the diseases. Overall, Rift Valley fever had the highest rank, followed by Contagious Bovine  Pleuropneumonia, Newcastle Disease, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, Lumpy Skin Disease, Peste des Petits des Ruminants, Rabies,  Brucellosis, Bovine Tuberculosis, Foot-and Mouth Disease and Sheep and Goat Pox. In conclusion, the IGAD region is encouraged to facilitate systematic efforts  towards rolling forth priority diseases through focused national efforts, harmonized regional strategies and streamlined stakeholder investment in the region.Key words: Target, priority, animal diseases, zoonoses, control, interventions, IGAD region Maladies animales transfrontalières et zoonoses prioritaires Ciblées dans la région IGAD pour les interventions de contrôle Les États membres de l’IGAD, à savoir Djibouti, l’Éthiopie, l’Érythrée, la Somalie, le Soudan du Sud et le Soudan, ont procédé à une définition des maladies animales transfrontières et zoonoses prioritaires dans la région IGAD, avec le soutien de l’ICPALD et de l’UA-BIRA. L’objectif principal de cette priorisation était d’élaborer des stratégies et politiques de contrôle claires visant à concentrer les efforts de contrôle des maladies et les rares ressources disponibles sur certaines maladies afin de parvenir à un contrôle efficace et efficient. La méthodologie de priorisation des maladies animales transfrontalières et des zoonoses selon leur phylum a été appliquée, en prenant en considérations l’impact économique, l’importance pour la santé humaine, l’impact sociétal, l’impact environnemental, la faisabilité des  méthodes de contrôle et l’impact écologique des maladies. Dans l’ensemble, la fièvre de la vallée du Rift a été mise en tête des priorités, suivie de la péripneumonie  contagieuse bovine, la maladie de Newcastle, l’influenza aviaire hautement pathogène, la dermatose nodulaire contagieuse, la peste des petits ruminants, la rage, la brucellose, la tuberculose bovine, la fièvre aphteuse et la clavelée du mouton et la variole caprine. En conclusion, la région IGAD est encouragée à faciliter des efforts systématiques visant à contrôler les maladies prioritaires à travers des activités nationales ciblées, des stratégies régionales harmonisées et une rationalisation des investissements des parties prenantes dans la région.Mots-clés : ciblées, prioritaire, maladies animales, zoonoses, contrôle, interventions, région IGA