2e partie : Évolution des finances régionales à travers l'analyse des comptes administratifs

Klein Jacques-Sylvain, Bousquet Renée, Desbouis Gérard. 2e partie : Évolution des finances régionales à travers l'analyse des comptes administratifs. In: Annuaire des collectivités locales. Tome 6, 1986. pp. 333-364

2e partie : Évolution des finances régionales à travers l'analyse des comptes administratifs

Klein Jacques-Sylvain, Bousquet Renée, Desbouis Gérard. 2e partie : Évolution des finances régionales à travers l'analyse des comptes administratifs. In: Annuaire des collectivités locales. Tome 6, 1986. pp. 333-364

1 ère partie : Analyse des budgets primitifs des E. P. R (1973-1985)

Bousquet Renée, Desbouis Gérard, Arles Michel, Desbouis Christine, Klein Jacques-Sylvain. 1 ère partie : Analyse des budgets primitifs des E. P. R (1973-1985). In: Annuaire des collectivités locales. Tome 6, 1986. pp. 319-333

1 ère partie : Analyse des budgets primitifs des E. P. R (1973-1985)

Bousquet Renée, Desbouis Gérard, Arles Michel, Desbouis Christine, Klein Jacques-Sylvain. 1 ère partie : Analyse des budgets primitifs des E. P. R (1973-1985). In: Annuaire des collectivités locales. Tome 6, 1986. pp. 319-333

Pour une meilleure compréhension des particularités de la violence familiale vécue par les femmes autochtones au Canada

La violence conjugale en milieu autochtone présente des particularités qui demeurent trop souvent ignorées ou confondues avec celles d’autres groupes de femmes violentées au Canada. Cet article rapporte les résultats d’une analyse de documents produits au cours des trois dernières décennies afin de dégager les principales caractéristiques de cette problématique. Cette analyse suggère que la notion de violence familiale doit être privilégiée à toute autre et que la violence conjugale dont les femmes autochtones sont victimes se distingue tant par ses formes, sa fréquence que par sa gravité.Aspects that are unique to conjugal violence as experienced by Aboriginal women are often ignored and confounded with those of other groups of abused women in Canada. This article presents an analysis of documents from different sources of knowledge that have been produced over the last three decades in order to identify distinctive dimensions of this problem. The analysis points to the significance of the notion of family violence over other terms that are used to describe conjugal violence and to the different facets of Aboriginal women’s experiences of violence with regards to prevalence, severity and forms of violence

Pour une meilleure compréhension des particularités de la violence familiale vécue par les femmes autochtones au Canada1

La violence conjugale en milieu autochtone présente des particularités qui demeurent trop souvent ignorées ou confondues avec celles d’autres groupes de femmes violentées au Canada. Cet article rapporte les résultats d’une analyse de documents produits au cours des trois dernières décennies afin de dégager les principales caractéristiques de cette problématique. Cette analyse suggère que la notion de violence familiale doit être privilégiée à toute autre et que la violence conjugale dont les femmes autochtones sont victimes se distingue tant par ses formes, sa fréquence que par sa gravité.Aspects that are unique to conjugal violence as experienced by Aboriginal women are often ignored and confounded with those of other groups of abused women in Canada. This article presents an analysis of documents from different sources of knowledge that have been produced over the last three decades in order to identify distinctive dimensions of this problem. The analysis points to the significance of the notion of family violence over other terms that are used to describe conjugal violence and to the different facets of Aboriginal women’s experiences of violence with regards to prevalence, severity and forms of violence

β-Adrenoceptor subtype expression and function in rat white adipocytes

1. The pharmacological features of rat white adipocyte β-adrenoceptor subtypes were investigated by saturation and β-agonist competition studies with [(3)H]-CGP 12177 and by lipolysis induced by β-agonists as well as their inhibition by CGP 20712A (selective β(1)-antagonist) and ICI 118551 (selective β(2)-antagonist) in an attempt to establish a relationship between the functionality and binding capacity of β-adrenoceptor subtypes. 2. Two populations of binding sites were identified on adipocyte membranes, one with high affinity (0.22±0.07 nM) and the other with low affinity (23±7 nM). The low affinity binding sites constituted 90% of the total binding sites. 3. The competition curves, with 15 nM [(3)H]-CGP 12177, for the β-agonists, isoprenaline (Iso), noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (Ad), and the selective β(3)-agonist, BRL 37344 (BRL), were clearly biphasic (P<0.001). The rank orders of agonist potency (pK(i)) in competing for [(3)H]-CGP 12177 high affinity and low affinity binding sites, respectively, were Iso (9.28±0.24)>NA (8.90±0.12)>Ad (8.65±0.12)>>BRL (4.53±0.17) and BRL (7.38±0.19)>>Iso (2.96±0.26)⩾NA (2.80±0.17)>Ad (2.10±0.11) indicating the expression of β(1)- and β(3)-adrenoceptor subtypes on rat white adipocytes, respectively. Inversely, competition studies with the selective β(1)-agonist, xamoterol (Xam), provided evidence for a single homogeneous population of binding sites with low density (81±9 fmol mg(−1)) and high pK(i) value (7.23±0.26) confirming the presence of β(1)-adrenoceptors. 4. To assess a possible contribution of the β(2)-subtype, procaterol (Proc), a selective β(2)-agonist, was used to compete with 2 nM [(3)H]-CGP 12177. A single low affinity (4.61±0.07) population of binding sites was identified. The density of these sites (71±12 fmol mg(−1)) was similar to the one obtained with Xam, suggesting that Proc displaced [(3)H]-CGP 12177 from the β(1)-subtype. 5. The functional potency (pD(2)) order with BRL (9.07±0.20) and catecholamines (Iso: 7.26±0.06, NA: 6.89±0.02 and Ad: 6.32±0.07) was the same as that found for the low affinity binding sites in competition studies. Xam induced lipolysis with greater potency than dobutamine (Dob), 6.31±0.06 and 5.66±0.10, respectively. Proc stimulated lipolysis with a low potency (5.59±0.21). 6. The lipolytic response to 0.001 μM BRL was inhibited by both, selective β(1)- and β(2)-antagonist, in a monophasic manner with low potencies (CGP 20712A pK(i): <4.5 and ICI 118551 pK(i): 5.57±0.13). Similar monophasic profiles were obtained for inhibition of Xam- and Dob-induced lipolysis. In this case, CGP 20712A was more potent (>10 times) than ICI 118551. The monophasic inhibition was also observed with ICI 118551 in the presence of 0.05 μM Iso or 0.13 μM NA. In contrast, two populations of sites were identified with CGP 20712A in the presence of Iso as well as NA. The pK(i) values for the first sites were 8.41±0.09 and 8.58±0.17, respectively, and for the second population of sites 4.73±0.22 and 4.27±0.27, respectively. The proportion of the first sites was low: 19±4 and 22±5%, respectively. Biphasic curves were obtained with both antagonists using 2.5 μM Proc (CGP 20712A: pK(i)1: 8.17±0.08, site1: 23±6%, pK(i)2: 4.77±0.14; ICI 118551: pK(i)1: 7.78±0.03, site1: 37±2%, pK(i)2: 5.35±0.25). 7. Our results show that the radioligand [(3)H]-CGP 12177 allows the characterization of β(1)- and β(3)-adrenoceptor subtypes on rat white adipocytes. Lipolysis is highly dependent on β(1)- and β(3)-adrenoceptors. Finally, binding and functional studies confirm that lipolysis is mainly driven by the β(3)-subtype

Impact of intravenous immunoglobulin on the dopaminergic system and immune response in the acute MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a blood-derived product, used for the treatment of immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. Since a range of immunotherapies have recently been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for Parkinson’s disease (PD), we investigated the effects of an IVIg treatment in a neurotoxin-induced animal model of PD. Mice received four injections of MPTP (15 mg/kg) at 2-hour intervals followed by a 14-day IVIg treatment, which induced key immune-related changes such as increased regulatory T-cell population and decreased CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. The MPTP treatment induced significant 80% and 84% decreases of striatal dopamine concentrations (<it>P</it> < 0.01), as well as 33% and 40% reductions in the number of nigral dopaminergic neurons (<it>P</it> < 0.001) in controls and IVIg-treated mice, respectively. Two-way analyses of variance further revealed lower striatal tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels, striatal homovanillic acid concentrations and nigral dopaminergic neurons (<it>P</it> < 0.05) in IVIg-treated animals. Collectively, our results fail to support a neurorestorative effect of IVIg on the nigrostriatal system in the MPTP-treated mice and even suggest a trend toward a detrimental effect of IVIg on the dopaminergic system. These preclinical data underscore the need to proceed with caution before initiating clinical trials of IVIg in PD patients.</p