372 research outputs found
Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes in Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus) and Production of Collagen in Cultured Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Influence of Insulin
In this report, we have shown that the standard
laboratory diet administered to Psammomys obesus
(sand rat) from Beni Abbes in Algeria, induced a
non-insulin dependant diabetes, characterised by
increase of body weight (p<0.001) as well as
hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia.
In cultured aortic smooth muscle
cells (SMC) of sand rats, type I and type III collagen
biosynthesis and insulin effects, at low dose, on
these parameters were investigated. In all
experimental conditions of cultured SMC study, The
Îą chains of type I collagen were analysed by
immunoblotting in media and cells
Women at Altitude: Sex-Related Physiological Responses to Exercise in Hypoxia.
Sex differences in physiological responses to various stressors, including exercise, have been well documented. However, the specific impact of these differences on exposure to hypoxia, both at rest and during exercise, has remained underexplored. Many studies on the physiological responses to hypoxia have either excluded women or included only a limited number without analyzing sex-related differences. To address this gap, this comprehensive review conducted an extensive literature search to examine changes in physiological functions related to oxygen transport and consumption in hypoxic conditions. The review encompasses various aspects, including ventilatory responses, cardiovascular adjustments, hematological alterations, muscle metabolism shifts, and autonomic function modifications. Furthermore, it delves into the influence of sex hormones, which evolve throughout life, encompassing considerations related to the menstrual cycle and menopause. Among these physiological functions, the ventilatory response to exercise emerges as one of the most sex-sensitive factors that may modify reactions to hypoxia. While no significant sex-based differences were observed in cardiac hemodynamic changes during hypoxia, there is evidence of greater vascular reactivity in women, particularly at rest or when combined with exercise. Consequently, a diffusive mechanism appears to be implicated in sex-related variations in responses to hypoxia. Despite well-established sex disparities in hematological parameters, both acute and chronic hematological responses to hypoxia do not seem to differ significantly between sexes. However, it is important to note that these responses are sensitive to fluctuations in sex hormones, and further investigation is needed to elucidate the impact of the menstrual cycle and menopause on physiological responses to hypoxia
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Late-Medieval Horse Remains at Cesis Castle, Latvia, and the Teutonic Order's Equestrian Resources in Livonia
EXCAVATIONS AT the castle complex of CÄsis, Latvia, uncovered an unusual find of large quantities of horse bones, some of which were partially articulated, along with equestrian equipment. These were associated with a destroyed building at the edge of the southern outer bailey. The horses included large males, most probably stallions, and pathology on several of the recovered vertebrae suggests these individuals had been used for riding. The size of the horses was within the range for medieval war horses, and the associated tack also pointed to prestigious riding animals. Radiocarbon dating of the bones placed them firmly within the Teutonic Order's period of rule. We conclude here that these horses fulfilled a military role in the final decades of the Teutonic Orderâs rule in Livonia in the late 15th/early 16th century and that the better-known equestrian culture of late-medieval Prussia was comparable in character, if not in scale, to that in Livonia
Poor Children in Rich Households and Vice Versa: A Blurred Picture or Hidden Realities?
An expanding evidence base suggests that children experiencing monetary and multidimensional
poverty are not the same. This article breaks new ground by providing a unique mixed methods
investigation of drivers of child poverty mismatch in Ethiopia and Vietnam, considering the role of
measurement error and individualistic and structural factors. The analysis capitalises on large-scale secondary
quantitative panel data and combines this with purposively collected primary qualitative data in
both countries. It finds that factors at the household and structural level can mediate the effects of
monetary poverty in terms of multidimensional poverty and vice versa, but that the size and sign of these
effects are specific to place and time. The policy mix aiming to reduce all forms of child poverty need to
be targeted on the basis of a multidimensional assessment of poverty and reflect the complex and contextspecific
interactions between determinants of child poverty
Global Perspectives on Task Shifting and Task Sharing in Neurosurgery.
BACKGROUND: Neurosurgical task shifting and task sharing (TS/S), delegating clinical care to non-neurosurgeons, is ongoing in many hospital systems in which neurosurgeons are scarce. Although TS/S can increase access to treatment, it remains highly controversial. This survey investigated perceptions of neurosurgical TS/S to elucidate whether it is a permissible temporary solution to the global workforce deficit. METHODS: The survey was distributed to a convenience sample of individuals providing neurosurgical care. A digital survey link was distributed through electronic mailing lists of continental neurosurgical societies and various collectives, conference announcements, and social media platforms (July 2018-January 2019). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and univariate regression of Likert Scale scores. RESULTS: Survey respondents represented 105 of 194 World Health Organization member countries (54.1%; 391 respondents, 162 from high-income countries and 229 from low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]). The most agreed on statement was that task sharing is preferred to task shifting. There was broad consensus that both task shifting and task sharing should require competency-based evaluation, standardized training endorsed by governing organizations, and maintenance of certification. When perspectives were stratified by income class, LMICs were significantly more likely to agree that task shifting is professionally disruptive to traditional training, task sharing should be a priority where human resources are scarce, and to call for additional TS/S regulation, such as certification and formal consultation with a neurosurgeon (in person or electronic/telemedicine). CONCLUSIONS: Both LMIC and high-income countries agreed that task sharing should be prioritized over task shifting and that additional recommendations and regulations could enhance care. These data invite future discussions on policy and training programs
Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd
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