La foi ( pistis ) entre croyance et savoir selon Origène dans le Contre Celse

Laissant de côté le pacte entre contractants de puissance inégale que supposent les termes pistis et pisteuein et l’élément quasi institutionnel qui établit la foi ( pistis ) sur une règle ecclésiastique, l’enquête s’applique à la réponse d’Origène au pamphlet du philosophe Celse contre le christianisme. À Celse qui réduit la foi chrétienne à la croyance et qui la soumet donc au doute, Origène prétend opposer les garants qui assurent sa validité, selon les méthodes de la persuasion rhétorique. Il l’éloigne de la croyance et de la coutume en lui octroyant un fondement « naturel ». Il est conduit aussi à admettre plusieurs degrés dans la connaissance religieuse, en modifiant la distinction opérée par Platon entre « foi » et « intellec-tion ». L’exigence de compréhension et de savoir cependant n’exclut pas, dans la recherche du sens des Écritures comme dans les rapports avec les puissances invisibles, le recours à des pratiques de type rituel qui impliquent une expérience étrangère au régime de la croyance et de la foi.Putting aside the agreement between unequal contracting parties the words pistis and pisteuein imply and the quasi-institutional element which builds faith upon an ecclesiastical rule, this paper deals with the answer Origen gives to Celsus’ pamphlet against Christianity. Whereas Celsus reduces Christian faith to belief and casts doubts upon it, Origen seeks to warrant its validity by the rhetorical art of persuasion. He moves it away from belief and custom by granting it a « natu-ral » basis. He also admits that religious knowledge has several degrees and consequently modifies Plato’s distinction between « faith » and « intellection ». Prone as he is to require of faith science and certainty, he nevertheless resorts to some rituals in order to scrutinize the Scriptures or to deal with invisible powers in such a manner that experience prevails over belief and faith

[Report of] Specialist Committee V.4: ocean, wind and wave energy utilization

The committee's mandate was :Concern for structural design of ocean energy utilization devices, such as offshore wind turbines, support structures and fixed or floating wave and tidal energy converters. Attention shall be given to the interaction between the load and the structural response and shall include due consideration of the stochastic nature of the waves, current and wind

Numerical model validation for mooring systems: Method and application for wave energy converters

PublishedArticleMooring systems are key sub-systems of wave energy devices. The design of mooring systems is challenging because overdesign of the mooring system incurs a significant cost penalty, while underdesign may lead to a premature failure. Incorrect design could also reduce the power production. It is therefore important to develop mooring systems which are specific for wave energy applications. In particular, very compliant mooring systems which allow the system to be highly dynamic are being developed. The validation of numerical models with data from physical experiments would facilitate the development of appropriate mooring solutions. This paper presents tank test results for a scale model of the buoy and mooring used at the South West Mooring Test Facility (SWMTF), an offshore facility developed to conduct long-term sea trials for wave energy device moorings. The mooring system investigated is a compliant 3 leg catenary mooring system using Nylon ropes in the water column. Preliminary static, quasi-static, decay, regular and irregular wave tests were conducted on the 1:5 scale model, using the Ifremer basin in Brest. A corresponding numerical model was developed with a time-domain mooring modelling tool, inputting hydrodynamic data from a radiation/diffraction potential modelling program. After the calibration of several hydrodynamic parameters (added mass, damping and mean drift), the numerical model demonstrated good agreement with the experiment, providing an accurate prediction of the maximum mooring loads in irregular waves. However, results show large differences with the field test results, mainly because of the anchor position. The methods and procedures presented will allow the effective validation of numerical models to enable the development of appropriate mooring systems in wave energy applications.The authors acknowledge the support of the MERiFIC (4122) project partners (Marine Energy in Far Peripheral and Island Communities, http://www.merific.eu) and of MARINET, a European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 Capacities Specific Programme (262552) (www.fp7-marinet.eu). The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the South West Regional Development Agency for its support through the PRIMaRE institution and the support towards the FabTest through the Regional Growth Fund. The authors are grateful for the valuable support of the Ifremer team: Emmanuel Mansuy, Aurélien Tancray, Christophe Maisondieu and Peter Davies. The authors also want to thank Orcina for their technical support

Numerical model validation for mooring systems: Method and application for wave energy converters

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier. NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Renewable Energy. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Renewable Energy Vol. 75 (2015), DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2014.10.063The design of wave energy mooring systems is challenging: overdesign incurs a significant cost penalty, underdesign may lead to a premature failure and incorrect design could reduce the power production. Consequently, compliant mooring systems are being developed for wave energy applications. This paper presents tank test results for a scale model of the buoy and mooring used at the South West Mooring Test Facility (SWMTF), an offshore facility developed to conduct long-term sea trials for wave energy device moorings. A compliant three leg catenary mooring system using Nylon ropes in the water column is investigated. Preliminary static, quasi-static, decay, regular and irregular wave tests were conducted on the 1:5 scale model, using the Ifremer basin in Brest. A corresponding numerical model was developed with a time-domain mooring modelling tool, inputting hydrodynamic data from a radiation/diffraction potential modelling program. After the calibration of several hydrodynamic parameters, the numerical model demonstrated good agreement with the experiment. However, numerical results show large differences with the field test results, mainly because of unknowns in the anchor position. The methods and procedures presented will allow the effective validation of numerical models to enable the development of appropriate mooring systems in wave energy applications.MERiFICMARINETPRIMaR

Hydrodynamic identification of NAUTILUS FOWT platform from small scale tests

A small-scale tank test campaign of the NAUTILUS offshore wind floating semisub-mersible platform was held at the Ifremer Deep Water Basin within the framework of the MaRINET 2 project. The support structure consists in four stabilized columns on a square pontoon supporting a generic 8-MW wind turbine. The tests were carried out at 1:36 Froude scale in parked conditions, and the mooring system was modelled as a set of aerial mooring springs providing a nonlinear stiffness. The hydrodynamic characterization of the floater from experimental data was tackled by using traditional techniques in naval architecture), as well as approaches derived from operational modal analysis in the frequency domain, such as the Sub Space Identification—Covariance (SSI-COV) method. The validity of this approach and its potential application to the identification of such kind of structures is discussed against the results of a more traditional technique based on the fitting of decay tests

A heuristic approach for inter-facility comparison of results from round robin testing of a floating wind turbine in irregular waves

This paper introduces metrics developed for analysing irregular wave test results from the round robin testing campaign carried out on a floating wind turbine as part of the EU H2020 MaRINET2 project. A 1/60th scale model of a 10 MW floating platform was tested in wave basins in four different locations around Europe. The tests carried out in each facility included decay tests, tests in regular and irregular waves with and without wind thrust, and tests to characterise the mooring system as well as the model itself. While response amplitude operations (RAOs) are a useful tool for assessing device performance in irregular waves, they are not easy to interpret when performing an inter-facility comparison where there are many variables. Metrics that use a single value per test condition rather than an RAO curve are a means of efficiently comparing tests from different basins in a more heuristic manner. In this research, the focus is on using metrics to assess how the platform responds with varying wave height and thrust across different facilities. It is found that the metrics implemented are very useful for extracting global trends across different basins and test conditions

Hérésies

What kinds of communities bring people together? How are they built? Where is unity, where is the multiplicity of humanity? Men can form separate, antagonistic, violently opposing communities. Is external division necessary to build internal cohesion? Nothing is more current than these questions

The effects of wind-induced inclination on the dynamics of semi-submersible floating wind turbines in the time domain

This study focusses on the coupling effects arising from the changes in the hydrodynamic behaviour of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine when it undergoes large inclinations under wind loading. By means of a range of time-domain simulations, it is shown that both the hull geometric nonlinearity effect and the alteration of viscous hydrodynamic forces can significantly affect the dynamics of a typical floating wind turbine operating in waves at rated conditions. The consequences of said effects for both aligned and misaligned wind and waves are explored. In general terms inclinations are found to increase motions, where the modes that are more affected depend on the relative direction between incident wind and waves. Understanding the sources of aero-hydrodynamic coupling is key to providing sound design and modelling guidelines for the coming generation of floating wind turbines

F. Stanley Jones. An Ancient Jewish Christian Source on the History of Christianity. Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions 1.27-71

Le Boulluec Alain. F. Stanley Jones. An Ancient Jewish Christian Source on the History of Christianity. Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions 1.27-71. In: Revue de l'histoire des religions, tome 214, n°3, 1997. pp. 370-371

41. Origène. Sur la Pâque. Traité inédit publié d'après un papyrus de Toura par O. Guéraud et P. Nautin

Le Boulluec Alain. 41. Origène. Sur la Pâque. Traité inédit publié d'après un papyrus de Toura par O. Guéraud et P. Nautin. In: Revue des Études Grecques, tome 93, fascicule 440-441, Janvier-juin 1980. pp. 295-296