An international framework to discipline outward FDI incentives?

As more countries report outward FDI, home country support for outward FDI is becoming more common. This Perspective argues that any home country assistance should focus on projects with domestic benefits, and proposes discussions on an international outward FDI-incentives agreement to avoid wasteful incentive competition between countries

限制OFDI激励措施的国际框架？

As more countries report outward FDI, home country support for outward FDI is becoming more common. This Perspective argues that any home country assistance should focus on projects with domestic benefits, and proposes discussions on an international outward FDI-incentives agreement to avoid wasteful incentive competition between countries

Influence of a neoglycolipid and its PEO-lipid moiety on the organization of phospholipid monolayers

International audienceThe surface properties of the neoglycolipid (GlcNAcE(3)G(28)) and of its PEO-lipid (E(3)G(28)) moiety mixed with phospholipids (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC; distearoylphosphatidylcholine, DSPC; diarachidoylphosphatidylcholine, DAPC; and dibehenoylphosphatidylcholine, DBPC) were studied in Langmuir monolayers at various mixture compositions and surface pressures. The pi-A isotherms of the pure compounds revealed that because of the presence of the sugar group in its molecule, GlcNAcE3G28 collapsed at a higher surface pressure and occupied a larger molecular area than the PEO-lipid moiety. It was also observed that the presence of the PEO-lipid (E3G28) in the mixtures triggered a strong alteration of both phospholipid pi-A isotherm profiles and surface diffraction spectra, an indication that the disordering of the initially structured phospholipid monolayers took place. Unlike E3G28, GlcNAcE(3)G(28) did not disorganize phospholipid monolayers but generated a partial segregation of the film-forming components. The calculated excess free energies of mixing (Delta G(exc)) for GlcNAcE(3)G(28)-phospholipid mixtures enabled us to predict the stability of such systems

Self-organizing properties of natural and related synthetic glycolipids

In this article we report on the syntheses, self-organizing properties, and structures of a variety of cerebrosides and related synthetic glycolipids. The thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystalline properties of the materials were evaluated in detail. All of the families of materials studied exhibited columnar mesophases. In the dry state the aliphatic chains were found to be located on the exterior of the columns, whereas in the wet state the reverse was the case with the polar headgroups on the exterior. Thus, the aliphatic chains act almost like hydrocarbon solvents in the dry state

Phase behavior and optical investigation of two synthetic luminol derivatives and glycolipid mixed monolayers at the air-water interface

International audienc