173 research outputs found

    The incorporation of the novel histone variant H2AL2 confers unusual structural and functional properties of the nucleosome

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    In this work we have studied the properties of the novel mouse histone variant H2AL2. H2AL2 was used to reconstitute nucleosomes and the structural and functional properties of these particles were studied by a combination of biochemical approaches, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron cryo-microscopy. DNase I and hydroxyl radical footprinting as well as micrococcal and exonuclease III digestion demonstrated an altered structure of the H2AL2 nucleosomes all over the nucleosomal DNA length. Restriction nuclease accessibility experiments revealed that the interactions of the H2AL2 histone octamer with the ends of the nucleosomal DNA are highly perturbed. AFM imaging showed that the H2AL2 histone octamer was complexed with only ∌130 bp of DNA. H2AL2 reconstituted trinucleosomes exhibited a type of a ‘beads on a string’ structure, which was quite different from the equilateral triangle 3D organization of conventional H2A trinucleosomes. The presence of H2AL2 affected both the RSC and SWI/SNF remodeling and mobilization of the variant particles. These unusual properties of the H2AL2 nucleosomes suggest a specific role of H2AL2 during mouse spermiogenesis

    Modele analytique de chauffage du sol par tuyaux enterres. Verification experimentale et complement theorique

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    National audienceThe analytical model developed by KENDRICK & HAVENS (1973) for the prediction of heat losses and soil temperatures of a sub-surface water pipe soil warming system was tested on two different soil warming plots : under tunnel and in the field. Soil temperatures were correctly predicted near the soil surface but there were marked differences between predicted and observed temperatures at greater depth. If the ground water temperature was taken into account in the model as an imposed boundary temperature, a better prediction of soil temperature profiles was obtained. A further analysis was made of heat losses from the buried pipes to the soil surface and to the ground water.Le modĂšle analytique de KENDRICK & HAVENS (1973) dĂ©veloppĂ© pour la prĂ©diction des tempĂ©ratures dans les systĂšmes de chauffage du sol par tuyaux enterrĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© testĂ© sur deux dispositifs expĂ©rimentaux : l’un installĂ© sous abri et l’autre en plein champ. Il est apparu que la non-prise en compte par ce modĂšle des conditions de tempĂ©rature imposĂ©es en profondeur (ici par une nappe phrĂ©atique) entraĂźnait des Ă©carts importants entre les tempĂ©ratures mesurĂ©es et calculĂ©es. Le dĂ©veloppement d’un complĂ©ment thĂ©orique de ce modĂšle autorisant la prise en compte de tempĂ©ratures imposĂ©es en profondeur permet d’atteindre une bonne approximation dans le calcul des tempĂ©ratures du sol sur tout le profil et permet l’analyse du bilan thermique dans le sol : la puissance totale dissipĂ©e par les tuyaux, le flux de chaleur vers la surface du sol ainsi que le flux de chaleur vers la nappe phrĂ©atique peuvent ĂȘtre calculĂ©s ou dĂ©duits

    Utilisation des eaux tiedes pour le chauffage du sol

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    Modele analytique de chauffage du sol par tuyaux enterres. Verification experimentale et complement theorique

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    Le modĂšle analytique de KENDRICK & HAVENS (1973) dĂ©veloppĂ© pour la prĂ©diction des tempĂ©ratures dans les systĂšmes de chauffage du sol par tuyaux enterrĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© testĂ© sur deux dispositifs expĂ©rimentaux : l’un installĂ© sous abri et l’autre en plein champ. Il est apparu que la non-prise en compte par ce modĂšle des conditions de tempĂ©rature imposĂ©es en profondeur (ici par une nappe phrĂ©atique) entraĂźnait des Ă©carts importants entre les tempĂ©ratures mesurĂ©es et calculĂ©es. Le dĂ©veloppement d’un complĂ©ment thĂ©orique de ce modĂšle autorisant la prise en compte de tempĂ©ratures imposĂ©es en profondeur permet d’atteindre une bonne approximation dans le calcul des tempĂ©ratures du sol sur tout le profil et permet l’analyse du bilan thermique dans le sol : la puissance totale dissipĂ©e par les tuyaux, le flux de chaleur vers la surface du sol ainsi que le flux de chaleur vers la nappe phrĂ©atique peuvent ĂȘtre calculĂ©s ou dĂ©duits.The analytical model developed by KENDRICK & HAVENS (1973) for the prediction of heat losses and soil temperatures of a sub-surface water pipe soil warming system was tested on two different soil warming plots : under tunnel and in the field. Soil temperatures were correctly predicted near the soil surface but there were marked differences between predicted and observed temperatures at greater depth. If the ground water temperature was taken into account in the model as an imposed boundary temperature, a better prediction of soil temperature profiles was obtained. A further analysis was made of heat losses from the buried pipes to the soil surface and to the ground water

    Simulation and analysis of soil heat storage systems for a solar greenhouse. 2.Simulation

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    International audienc

    Utilisation d'eau a basse temperature pour le forcage de cultures sous abris. I. Aspects microclimatique et energetique

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    National audienceWith the increasing cost of conventional energy sources, the use of warm rather than hot water is becoming more common in protected cultivation. Soil heating with buried pipes can be used with warm water : it contributes to air-heating in the greenhouse and can supply an important reserve of heat to the soil, to be used as required. The inertia of this system is important and does not allow for instantaneous adjustment of heat supply. This can only be achieved by joint use with low-inertia air heating. The balance of air/soil temperature produced by this heating system implies the introduction of new regulation processes taking soil temperature into account.Dans le contexte actuel d’énergie chĂšre, l’utilisation des sources d’eau Ă  basse tempĂ©rature (20-40 °C) pour le forçage des cultures sous abris se dĂ©veloppe. La technique de chauffage du sol par des tuyaux enterrĂ©s permet d’utiliser facilement cette eau Ă  basse tempĂ©rature. Outre le rĂ©chauffage direct du sol, cette technique permet de rĂ©chauffer l’air de l’abri et le stockage de quantitĂ©s importantes de chaleur dans le sol qui peuvent ĂȘtre restituĂ©es en cas de besoin. Cependant l’inertie de ce systĂšme est considĂ©rable et ne permet pas d’ajuster instantanĂ©ment la fourniture de chaleur Ă  la demande. Cet objectif ne peut ĂȘtre atteint que si on adjoint un chauffage d’air Ă  faible inertie, assurĂ© par des aĂ©rothermes Ă  basse tempĂ©rature. Les Ă©quilibres de tempĂ©rature sol-air crĂ©Ă©s par cette combinaison de deux systĂšmes de chauffage supposent la rĂ©vision des principes traditionnels de la rĂ©gulation et de la conduite des cultures

    Un exemple de systĂšme complexe : les serres de culture

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