Procyanodols ologomères des sarments de vigne, cépage Carignan

Les procyanidols des sarments de vigne (cépage Carignan) ont été obtenus par extractions successives à l'aide du mélange acétone- eau puis d'acétate d'éthyle. La combinaison des méthodes de fractionnement sur colonnes de Sephadex LH-20 et de Fractagel TSK HW40 avec la chromatographie préparative sur couches minces de silice complétée par I'HPLC semi-préparative, ont permis de purifier onze procyanidols. A l'aide de méthodes chimiques, enzymatiques et spectrophotométriques, ont été établies les structures de six procyanidols dimères B1, B2, B3, B4, B7 et B2-3'-O-gallate, de deux procyanidols trimères C1 et [épicatéchine ( 4 ß->8) épicatéchine ( 4 ß->8) catechine] ainsi que celles de trois monomères (-)epicatechine-3-0-gallate, (-)épicatéchine et ( + )catéchine.Oligomeric procyanidins of vine shoots of cultivar CarignanProcyanidins from vine shoots were extracted using acetone - water and ethyl acetate. The purification of procyanidins were carried out by combination of column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and Fractogel TSK HW 40, preparative TLC on silicagel and HPLC. Two trimeric procyanidins C1 and [epicatechin (4ß->8) epicatechin (4ß->8) catechin], six dimeric procyanidins B1, B2, B3, B4, B7 and 3'-O-galloyl B2 along with 3-O-galloyl (-)epicatechin, (+)catechin and (-)epicatechin were identified on the basis of chromatographical and chemical evidences

Mutations and phylogenetic analysis of the equine influenza virus (H3N8) nucleoprotein isolated in Morocco

The equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious respiratory viral disease of equines. The aim of the present study was to determine the amino acid mutation sequences of the partial nucleoprotein (NP), which includes four epitopes of the equine leucocyte antigen (ELA) of A/equine/Nador/1/1997 (H3N8). These epitopes are critical for their binding to major histocompatibility molecule complex (MHC) class I and recognition by specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs). The isolate was subjected to RT-PCR amplifications followed by sequencing analysis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Moroccan isolate belongs to equine host-specific lineage and more closely related to Italian strains A/equine/Rome/5/1991 and A/equine/Italy/1062/1991. Amino acid sequence comparison of the NP showed that the strain A/equine/Nador/1/1997 has twelve substitutions at the residues T/284/A, A/286/T, R/293/K, I/299/V, V/312/I, N/319/K, S/344/L, V/353/I, M/374/I, C/377/N, N/397/S and R/452/K. All substitutions concerned both the interaction domains NP–NP and NP–PB2. However, the mutation N319 K enhances the NP–PB2 interaction and polymerase activity in mammalian infected cells. S/344/L mutation was located on the FEDLRVSNFI epitope (aa 338–347), this substitution is likely to help the virus to overcome the barrier of cell-mediated immunity of the host. The identified mutations were grouped into two groups, one included residues that facilitate the adaptation and evolution of influenza viruses within the equine lineage such as A/286/T, R/293/K, S/344/L, V/353/I and R/452/K, while the second contained the substitutions which enhance the virulence as polymerase activity (N319 K) and mutations that affect CTL epitopes, resulting in an escape from immune surveillance by specific CTLs (S/344/L)

Qualité protéique de la viande ovine de trois races en élevage extensif au Maroc

La race Beni Guil ou "Daghma" est l'une des principales races ovines du Maroc, elle est autochtone et occupe des parcours des hauts plateaux de l'oriental, en juxtaposition à l'aire géographique d'élevage de la race Timhdite ou "Bergui", indiquène du Moyen Atlas. Ces deux races ovines se caractérisent par leurs rusticités, leurs aptitudes au croisement et des effectifs importants représentant respectivement 12,58% et de 9,8% du cheptel du Maroc.Maroc/Wallonie Bruxelles Coopération bilatérale : Axe 1 : Projet 6/ Gestion de la qualité des aliments cas de la viande de la race Ovine Bni Guil , labellisée IGP de l'oriental du Maro

Nutritional and organoleptic quality of Beni-Guil lamb meat breeding in eastern Morocco

Nowadays in Morocco, 98% of red meat production is ensured by cattles, sheeps and goast. The eastern Morocco represents one of the main sheep farming areas, characterized by the specificity of its production systems. So it is well known by the quality of the sheep meat produced. The Beni-Guil breed is a dominate breed in this breeding area, labeled Protected Geographical Indication (PIG). Thus, it’s an important protein source for the population in this geographical site and highly appreciated by consumers. This reputation is limited to the hedonic quality, and there is currently no scientific data available on the organoleptic and nutritional quality of Beni-Guil meat. The objective of this research is to give a scientific point on the nutritional and organoleptic quality of this meat by biochemical analyzes of the major and minor composition of the Longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM). The results of the organoleptic quality analysis show that the meat of Beni-Guil breed has a bright red color, with a chromaticity of 23.97, an a/b ratio of 0.96 and a hue angle of 46.47, Significant juiciness with a water retention capacity and cooking loss of 22.73 and 32.87% respectively, and a marked tenderness with a collagen content of 0.1%. Thus the analysis of nutritional quality showed that LDM of the Beni-Guil has a high nutritional and dietary value, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and essential amino acid, with an PUFA/SFA ratio of 0.25, a ratio PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 of 3.78, and a Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid score (PDCAAS) of 127

Daily Estimation of Global Solar Irradiation and Temperatures Using Artificial Neural Networks through the Virtual Weather Station Concept in Castilla and León, Spain

In this article, the interpolation of daily data of global solar irradiation, and the maximum, average, and minimum temperatures were measured. These measurements were carried out in the agrometeorological stations belonging to the Agro-climatic Information System for Irrigation (SIAR, in Spanish) of the Region of Castilla and León, in Spain, through the concept of Virtual Weather Station (VWS), which is implemented with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This is serving to estimate data in every point of the territory, according to their geographic coordinates (i.e., longitude and latitude). The ANNs of the Multilayer Feed-Forward Perceptron (MLP) used are daily trained, along with data recorded in 53 agro-meteorological stations, and where the validation of the results is conducted in the station of Tordesillas (Valladolid). The ANN models for daily interpolation were tested with one, two, three, and four neurons in the hidden layer, over a period of 15 days (from 1 to 15 June 2020), with a root mean square error (RMSE, MJ/m2) of 1.23, 1.38, 1.31, and 1.04, respectively, regarding the daily global solar irradiation. The interpolation of ambient temperature also performed well when applying the VWS concept, with an RMSE (°C) of 0.68 for the maximum temperature with an ANN of four hidden neurons, 0.58 for the average temperature with three hidden neurons, and 0.83 for the minimum temperature with four hidden neurons