7 research outputs found
Assessing farmersâ objectives to participate in short food supply chains in Spain, France And Morocco
The promotion of Short Food Supply Chains (SFSC) is an issue that is becoming more relevant to both the public and research agenda, aiming to build more sustainable agri-food supply chains and empower smallholder farmers. This research aims to determine the willingness of small farmers to adopt SFSCs as an alternative to conventional distribution. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology was used to assess farmersâ objectives of their agricultural activity in Spain, France, and Morocco. For the selection of objectives, deep interviews (DI) and a literature review were carried out. Data were collected from a total of 180 farmers carried out between May and October 2022. Results showed that regardless of the stated interest of farmers in promoting SFSCs, the production-related objectives, especially âIncrease productivityâ and âInvest in knowledge and machineryâ, received the highest priority to distribution-related objectives. Moreover, objectives concerning social responsibility received the lowest relative importance, while environmental preservation concerns outweighed social objectives (especially in the French case). The economic performance of the farm plays a decisive role in the farmers' decision-making as expected in the three cases of the study analyzed. This is important when exploring mechanisms to incentivize farmers to adopt SFSCs where economic sustainability and efficiency are needed. More research is needed to determine the relationship between the choice of supply chain alternatives and the objectives of the farming activity. This knowledge may help in providing alternatives and adapted solutions that are more sustainable regarding farmerâs preferences.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - ProducciĂł i Consum ResponsablesPostprint (published version
Preferences analysis of restaurants, industry and retailers for selecting fruits and vegetables suppliers in Spain, France and Morocco
This study focuses on evaluating the criteria used by stakeholders (restaurants, industry, and small-scale retailers) to select fruits and vegetable suppliers in Spain, France, and Morocco targeting three selected countriesâ specific products and supply chains (fresh tomatoes in Spain, Chestnuts in France, Carob in Morocco). The research consisted firstly of conducting deep interviews (DI) with the main stakeholders in the added-value chain of fruits and vegetables in order to understand factors affecting their decision when selecting suppliers. A special interest was drawn on the criteria âproduced by local farmersâ in order to determine its relative importance within the stakeholderâs decision-making. Secondly, semi-structured questionnaires were carried out by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to estimate the relative importance of each criterion and to evaluate the weight of the sustainable factors. Data were collected from stakeholders in the food-added value chain with a total sample, equally distributed across countries, of 180 restaurants, 30 industries, and 180 small-scale retailers. The survey was applied during the months of May to October 2022. Research results revealed the most important supplier selection attributes vary according to each country and product category. The role of sustainable criteria in selecting suppliers played an important role in particular in France. Local small farmers were important for local industry as sustainable suppliers but less relevant for restaurants and retailers respectively. Improving the sustainability of the supply chain should focus more on retailers and restaurant marketing strategies when purchasing fruits and vegetables in order to set quotas for locally produced products. This outcome highlights the need for a new and optimized business model in which small local farmers can directly supply local restaurants and retailers and contribute to improving sustainability and ensuring reasonable profit for farmers.This study belongs to the project Lab4Supply âMulti-agent Agri-food living labs for new supply chain Mediterranean systems. Towards more sustainable and competitive farming addressing consumersâ preferences and market changesâ. Lab4supply received funding from the European Union under PRIMA-S.2 programme (Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area) and approved by the National Agencies in Spain âAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciĂłn (AEI)â, in Morroco âMinistĂšre de lâEnseignement SupĂ©rieur, de la Recherche Scientifique et de lâInnovation (MESRSFC)â and in France âAgence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)â. The content of this study reflects only the authorâs view and the European Union Agency and national agencies involved are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - ProducciĂł i Consum ResponsablesObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - ProducciĂł i Consum ResponsablesPostprint (published version
Cartographie et analyse territoriale en vue d'un développement durable par l'écotourisme autour des aires protégées en Tunisie
Ecotourism is an emerging regional development strategy that could foster economic growth, diversification of activities and regional autonomy in natural areas such as forest areas and protected areas. These territories are socio-economically marginalized in Tunisia as a consequence of a national policy that has inhibited the development of some regions in relation to others. Tunisian protected areas, for example, have the particularity of containing, in addition to endemic fauna and flora, a local population with know-how. Managed by the forest administration, protected areas are subject to protection and conservation legislation that has a negative impact on the socio-economic situation of the population. Following the emergence of a national desire for regional balance and subsequently an environmental policy, a social dimension has developed among managers concerned with deploying strategies that reconcile development and conservation. Ecotourism was a solution to develop an economic activity centered on the development of natural resources. Several ecotourism studies and projects have been developed for the occasion within protected areas, particularly in the Ichkeul and Cap Negro areas. Despite these efforts, this activity remains rudimentary and Tunisia has only been able to create a mono-product offer of mass tourism. This thesis attempts to provide some answers to this dysfunction. This diagnosis is made by an evaluation of the sustainability of the work identified in protected areas in order to detect their weaknesses. Then an evaluation of the ecotourism system was performed using a methodology of modelling by cognitive maps with MICMAC and MACTOR software. Indeed, based on the principle that ecotourism is a form of development based on interaction and collaboration between stakeholders in a participatory governance system. The first objective of this method is to make a structural analysis (MICMAC) in order to define the ecotourism concept in Tunisian protected areas and to determine, according to the perception of the stakeholders, the indicators that most influence Tunisian ecotourism activities. Secondly, to conduct a stakeholder analysis (MACTOR) in order to identify the disproportionate power relations that can destabilize the governance system of the current ecotourism model in Tunisia.LâĂ©cotourisme se positionne comme une stratĂ©gie de dĂ©veloppement rĂ©gional qui pourrait assurer la croissance Ă©conomique et lâautonomie rĂ©gionale dans des zones naturelles telles que les espaces forestiĂšres. Ces territoires sont en Tunisie marginalisĂ©s suite Ă une politique nationale ayant freinĂ© leurs dĂ©veloppements. Les aires protĂ©gĂ©es tunisiennes, par exemple, ont la particularitĂ© dâabriter, outre une faune et une flore endĂ©miques, une population locale avec un savoir-faire hĂ©ritĂ© des gĂ©nĂ©rations passĂ©es et actuelles. GĂ©rĂ©es par lâadministration forestiĂšre, les aires protĂ©gĂ©es sont soumises Ă une lĂ©gislation axĂ©e sur la protection et la conservation qui aggrave la situation socio-Ă©conomique des habitants. Suite Ă lâĂ©mergence dâune volontĂ© nationale dâĂ©quilibre rĂ©gional et par la suite dâune politique environnementale, une prĂ©occupation sociale sâest dĂ©veloppĂ©e chez les gestionnaires soucieux de mettre en Ćuvre des stratĂ©gies qui concilient dĂ©veloppement et conservation. LâĂ©cotourisme formait une solution pour dĂ©velopper une activitĂ© Ă©conomique de valorisation de richesses naturelles. Lors dâun recensent Ă©tablie au cadre de cette thĂšse, on a pu montrer que plusieurs travaux Ă©cotouristiques ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©s aux parcs dâIchkeul et Cap Negro. En dĂ©pit de ces efforts, cette activitĂ© reste rudimentaire et la Tunisie nâa pu crĂ©er quâune offre touristique classique. Cette thĂšse vise Ă apporter des Ă©lĂ©ments de rĂ©ponse face Ă ce dysfonctionnement. Ce diagnostic est fait par une Ă©valuation de la durabilitĂ© des travaux recensĂ©s dans les aires protĂ©gĂ©es afin de dĂ©celer leurs dĂ©faillances. Ensuite, une Ă©valuation systĂ©mique de lâĂ©tat de lâĂ©cotourisme a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e grĂące Ă une mĂ©thodologie de modĂ©lisation par des cartes cognitives avec les logiciels MICMAC et MACTOR. Partant du principe que lâĂ©cotourisme est une forme de dĂ©veloppement basĂ©e sur une interaction et une collaboration entre les intervenants dans un systĂšme de gouvernance participatif, nous cherchons Ă dĂ©finir le concept de lâĂ©cotourisme dans les AP et Ă mener une analyse des acteurs afin de dĂ©celer le dĂ©sĂ©quilibre dans le systĂšme de gouvernance actuelle
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LâĂ©cotourisme se positionne comme une stratĂ©gie de dĂ©veloppement rĂ©gional qui pourrait assurer la croissance Ă©conomique et lâautonomie rĂ©gionale dans des zones naturelles telles que les espaces forestiĂšres. Ces territoires sont en Tunisie marginalisĂ©s suite Ă une politique nationale ayant freinĂ© leurs dĂ©veloppements. Les aires protĂ©gĂ©es tunisiennes, par exemple, ont la particularitĂ© dâabriter, outre une faune et une flore endĂ©miques, une population locale avec un savoir-faire hĂ©ritĂ© des gĂ©nĂ©rations passĂ©es et actuelles. GĂ©rĂ©es par lâadministration forestiĂšre, les aires protĂ©gĂ©es sont soumises Ă une lĂ©gislation axĂ©e sur la protection et la conservation qui aggrave la situation socio-Ă©conomique des habitants. Suite Ă lâĂ©mergence dâune volontĂ© nationale dâĂ©quilibre rĂ©gional et par la suite dâune politique environnementale, une prĂ©occupation sociale sâest dĂ©veloppĂ©e chez les gestionnaires soucieux de mettre en Ćuvre des stratĂ©gies qui concilient dĂ©veloppement et conservation. LâĂ©cotourisme formait une solution pour dĂ©velopper une activitĂ© Ă©conomique de valorisation de richesses naturelles. Lors dâun recensent Ă©tablie au cadre de cette thĂšse, on a pu montrer que plusieurs travaux Ă©cotouristiques ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©s aux parcs dâIchkeul et Cap Negro. En dĂ©pit de ces efforts, cette activitĂ© reste rudimentaire et la Tunisie nâa pu crĂ©er quâune offre touristique classique. Cette thĂšse vise Ă apporter des Ă©lĂ©ments de rĂ©ponse face Ă ce dysfonctionnement. Ce diagnostic est fait par une Ă©valuation de la durabilitĂ© des travaux recensĂ©s dans les aires protĂ©gĂ©es afin de dĂ©celer leurs dĂ©faillances. Ensuite, une Ă©valuation systĂ©mique de lâĂ©tat de lâĂ©cotourisme a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e grĂące Ă une mĂ©thodologie de modĂ©lisation par des cartes cognitives avec les logiciels MICMAC et MACTOR. Partant du principe que lâĂ©cotourisme est une forme de dĂ©veloppement basĂ©e sur une interaction et une collaboration entre les intervenants dans un systĂšme de gouvernance participatif, nous cherchons Ă dĂ©finir le concept de lâĂ©cotourisme dans les AP et Ă mener une analyse des acteurs afin de dĂ©celer le dĂ©sĂ©quilibre dans le systĂšme de gouvernance actuelle.Ecotourism is an emerging regional development strategy that could foster economic growth, diversification of activities and regional autonomy in natural areas such as forest areas and protected areas. These territories are socio-economically marginalized in Tunisia as a consequence of a national policy that has inhibited the development of some regions in relation to others. Tunisian protected areas, for example, have the particularity of containing, in addition to endemic fauna and flora, a local population with know-how. Managed by the forest administration, protected areas are subject to protection and conservation legislation that has a negative impact on the socio-economic situation of the population. Following the emergence of a national desire for regional balance and subsequently an environmental policy, a social dimension has developed among managers concerned with deploying strategies that reconcile development and conservation. Ecotourism was a solution to develop an economic activity centered on the development of natural resources. Several ecotourism studies and projects have been developed for the occasion within protected areas, particularly in the Ichkeul and Cap Negro areas. Despite these efforts, this activity remains rudimentary and Tunisia has only been able to create a mono-product offer of mass tourism. This thesis attempts to provide some answers to this dysfunction. This diagnosis is made by an evaluation of the sustainability of the work identified in protected areas in order to detect their weaknesses. Then an evaluation of the ecotourism system was performed using a methodology of modelling by cognitive maps with MICMAC and MACTOR software. Indeed, based on the principle that ecotourism is a form of development based on interaction and collaboration between stakeholders in a participatory governance system. The first objective of this method is to make a structural analysis (MICMAC) in order to define the ecotourism concept in Tunisian protected areas and to determine, according to the perception of the stakeholders, the indicators that most influence Tunisian ecotourism activities. Secondly, to conduct a stakeholder analysis (MACTOR) in order to identify the disproportionate power relations that can destabilize the governance system of the current ecotourism model in Tunisia
: Territorial and prospective analysis for development of ecotourism in protected mountain areas: Ichkeul and Djbel Chitana in Tunisia
International audienceIchkeul et cap negro â Djbel Chitana sont deux aires protĂ©gĂ©es de montagne situĂ©es au nord de la Tunisie. Elles ont la particularitĂ© dâabriter, outre une faune et flore endĂ©mique, une population locale avec un savoir-faire et une richesse culturelle. Conscients de cette richesse naturelle et socioculturelle, de nombreux projets et Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©s pour dĂ©velopper une activitĂ© Ă©cotouristique dans ces zones. En dĂ©pit de ces efforts, lâexpĂ©rience de lâĂ©cotourisme reste sur un piĂ©destal. LâactivitĂ© touristique tunisienne reste limitĂ©e Ă une offre balnĂ©aire restreinte. Pourtant, dĂ©velopper cette activitĂ© dans ces aires pourrait ĂȘtre une solution Ă©conomique pour les habitants et une valorisation des originalitĂ©s patrimoniales locales. La rĂ©alisation dâun diagnostic territorial en faisant une analyse structurelle (par la mĂ©thode Micmac) une analyse des jeux dâacteurs territoriaux (par la mĂ©thode MACTOR) est un outil dâaide de prise de dĂ©cision pour dĂ©velopper ce secteur dans ces zones
La cartographie participative, outil de rĂ©vĂ©lation des richesses paysagĂšres du territoire forestier de la Kroumirie â Mogods (Tunisie)
International audienceLa cartographie participative est un outil qui peut transformer les reprĂ©sentations des acteurs et utilisateurs du paysage en cartes oĂč cette amĂ©nitĂ© est classĂ©e selon une typologie donnĂ©e par les acteurs eux-mĂȘmes. En Tunisie, nous assistons Ă des transformations et mutations des paysages forestiers et de montagnes dans le territoire Kroumirie â Mogods au Nord-ouest de la Tunisie. Cet ensemble de chaĂźnons montagneux dâorientation NordEst / Sud-Ouest, se caractĂ©rise par la diversitĂ© des paysages oĂč forĂȘt, mer, lac de barrage, relief, etc. construisent une identitĂ© territoriale. Identifier et caractĂ©riser les paysages identitaires par le biais dâune approche cartographique et participative sâavĂšre une Ă©tape fondamentale pour pouvoir les valoriser