O impacto dos estilos parentais na perceção da qualidade de vida dos filhos

Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, 2017.Exame público realizado em 16 de Novembro de 2017.A parentalidade deve ser exercida de forma positiva, e para isso é necessário que exista um relacionamento bom e seguro com a criança, o que vai possibilitar um crescimento saudável, uma educação adequada e capacitação, através do afeto e com estabelecimento de limites. A família é vista como um grupo primário de socialização, tendo um papel importante no desenvolvimento e ajustamento psicossocial das crianças e jovens. O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo perceber qual o impacto dos estilos parentais na qualidade de vida dos filhos, segundo a perceção dos pais. Desta forma, foram inquiridos pais com filhos entre os 6 e os 16 anos de idade, recorrendo-se a dois instrumentos de medida, a EMBU-P (Castro, Pablo, Gómez, Arrindell & Toro, 1997; adaptado por Canavarro & Pereira, 2007a), para os estilos parentais e o KIDSCREEN-10 (Kids-10) (Gaspar, Matos, Pais-Ribeiro & Leal, 2009a), para a qualidade de vida, com um n=1096, com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e os 80 anos (M=41,65), sendo 78% do género feminino. Os resultados obtidos apresentam uma diferença entre os estilos parentais e a perceção que os pais têm relativamente à qualidade de vida dos seus filhos, quanto ao género e o estatuto socioeconómico dos pais/família. Por outro lado, foi também encontrada uma relação entre a qualidade de vida dos filhos (percecionada pelos pais) e o estilo permissivo

Physical fights involvement in school setting and adolescents’ behaviours : highlights from health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC/WHO) - fights in school setting and adolescent’s behaviours

Copyright © 2019 Susana Gaspar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and work is properly cited.Aim: To analyse gender differences and associations regarding physical fights and their relationship with other health compromising behaviours. Methods: Participants consisted of 5,423 Portuguese adolescents in the context of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children/World Health Organization study. Independent Chi-Square, Independent Sample T-tests were used to analyse the relationship between physical fights involvement and health compromising behaviour. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to analyse the associations between physical fights involvement and variables with statistical significance for at least one gender in preliminary bivariate analysis. Regression analyses were stratified by gender adjusted by age. Result: 21.3% of the adolescents reported at least one fighting episode. 61.1% of fights occurred in school. Students from 6th grade had a higher involvement in fights than 10th grade students. For both genders, fighting occurrence is related to consumptions (alcohol, drugs use), violence (being bullied, being a bully, carrying weapons and safety perception at school). Boys from Alentejo region, 6th grade and who practice physical activity, reported more physical fights involvement. For boys, carrying weapons decreases the probability of fights occurrence in school. Conclusion: This study confirms the impact of physical fighting in Portuguese adolescents and emphasizes that specific strategies to address this physical fighting are important. Public policies must take gender and age specificities into consideration while designing and implementing preventive interventions with pupils and families, in the school and in the community, in order to promote a safer environment at school and an adolescents’ positive development. Active social support from peers, parents, teachers and school staff is needed so that weapons are not used as a way to secure schools’ environment. National strategies and interventions in school context must be prioritized with regional focus in order to address regional specificities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Health management: evaluating the relationship between organizational factors, psychosocial risks at work, performance management, and hospital outcomes

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Introduction-Health system (HS) health organizations are complex and are in constant dynamic interaction with multiple elements, including political, environmental, societal, legal, and organizational factors, along with human components, such as human resources, patients, and other stakeholders. Objective-This research aimed to study three HS organizations, identifying and characterizing the elements of health organizations and the factors related to professionals, determining their influence on economic and financial performance results, as well as results related to the professionals and to the patients comprising the institutions. Method-A quantitative study was conducted in which data were collected through questionnaires from various sources to better understand and characterize the factors related to organizations, professionals, and patients (470 health professionals and 768 patients). To test the integrated evaluation model for health organizations, path analysis was used. Results-The results reveal that the organizational culture (OC) presents a positive relationship between the professional's quality of life (QL) and the performance management (PM) of the professionals, along with a negative relationship with the psychosocial work risks (PWR). There is also a relationship between the OC and patient satisfaction (PS), professional job satisfaction (PJS), and economic and financial results (EFR). In the relationship between the processes and the results, there are significant relationships between PM and PJS and PWR and PJS. In terms of the results, there is a significant relationship between the EFR and the PS. Conclusions-This study contributes to a deeper knowledge of the factors that influence the quality of health organizations and their results and produces recommendations for health organizations to address the current challenges.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Alcohol and tobacco use in Portuguese adolescents: The relationship with social factors, future expectations, physical and psychological symptoms

The influence that social factors (relationship with teachers, peers and family support), future expectations, physical and psychological symptoms exert on the adolescents’ tobacco and alcohol consumption is analyzed, and the differences between users and non-users are analyzed as well. This work is part of the HBSC study. The results show that substance use is associated with more physical and psychological symptoms, worse relationship with teachers and peers, less family support, and lower future expectations. It is important to intervene towards the construction of more positive future expectations and relationships and the promotion of physical and psychological well-being, as protective factors against substance use.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mental Health and Interpersonal Relationships Impact in Psychological and Physical Symptoms During Adolescence

This article aims to understand and characterize the impact of factors of mental health and interpersonal relationships on physical and psychological symptoms in adolescents. It includes 8215 students, of which 4327 are girls (52.7%), with an average age of 14.36 years (SD=2.28) that participate in the study Health Behavior in School aged Children/HBSC. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA analysis and logistic regressions were performed for two dependent variables in study – psychological symptoms and physical symptoms. In general, girls show values in relation to physical and psychological symptoms, anxiety/stress and depression that are less positive when compared to boys. Older adolescents show values that are less positive in the same variables, except for anxiety/stress, which presents higher values in younger adolescents. Girls and older adolescents have lower positive values with regard to relationships with family, teachers and colleagues, than boys and younger adolescents. The female gender, higher values of depression followed by less support from the family contribute strongly to the explanation of psychological and physical symptoms. It is possible to verify that the variance explained by gender and by depression is higher in the case of psychological symptoms when compared to physical symptoms, and that the variance explained by family relationship is higher in the case of physical symptoms when compared with psychological symptoms. This study identifies a positive relationship between mental health (less physical and psychological symptoms, lower depression and lower anxiety) and more positive relationships with family, colleagues and teachers, as well as gender and age specificities. These results have important implications in terms of public policies for the family and the school contextsEste artículo tuvo como objetivo examinar el impacto de los factores de salud mental y de las relaciones interpersonales sobre los síntomas físicos y psicológicos en adolescentes. La muestra estuvo formada por 8215 estudiantes, de los cuales 4327 fueron niñas (52,7%), con una edad media de 14,36 años (DT = 2,28), que participaron en el estudio Health Behavior in School aged Children/HBSC. Se realizaron estadísticos descriptivos, ANOVA y regresiones logísticas para dos variables dependientes en este estudio: los síntomas psicológicos y los síntomas físicos. En general, las niñas mostraron valores de síntomas físicos y psicológicos, ansiedad / estrés y depresión que fueron menos positivos en comparación con los niños. Los adolescentes mayores mostraron asimismo valores menos positivos en dichas variables, excepto en la variable ansiedad / estrés, que presenta valores más altos en adolescentes más jóvenes. Las niñas y los adolescentes mayores tuvieron valores positivos más bajos con respecto a las relaciones con la familia, los maestros y los compañeros que los niños y los adolescentes más jóvenes. El género femenino, mayores valores de depresión y un menor apoyo de la familia contribuyeron fuertemente a la explicación de los síntomas psicológicos y físicos. La varianza explicada por género y por depresión fue mayor en el caso de síntomas psicológicos en comparación con los síntomas físicos, mientras que la varianza explicada por las relaciones familiares fue mayor en el caso de los síntomas físicos que en los síntomas psicológicos. Este estudio identifica una relación positiva entre la salud mental (menos síntomas físicos y psicológicos, y menor depresión y ansiedad) y relaciones más positivas con la familia, los compañeros y profesores, además de algunas diferencias por género y edad. Estos resultados tienen importantes implicaciones en términos de políticas públicas para el contexto familiar y escola

Healthy social network use and well-being during adolescence: a biopsychosocial approach

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Screen time and the use of social networks is the most frequent form of leisure time occupation and socializing for adolescents. The present study is aimed at understanding and characterizing, from an ecological perspective, what distinguishes healthy and less healthy or even dependent use of social media in young people and the influence on adolescents' well-being. This paper is based on the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) from 2022, a survey carried out every 4 years, in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO), following an international protocol. A total of 7643 students from the 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th school grades responded, of which 53.9% were female, with an average age of 15.05 (SD = 2.36). The sample is representative of the school grades under study. The results allow us to study and identify similarities and differences between three groups related to the level of healthiness in the use of social networks and its relations to well-being from an ecological perspective. What distinguishes adolescents with less healthy use of social networks is that they are more often female, older, have more self-injurious behaviour, higher alcohol consumption, and a worse relationship with teachers. The adolescents with the highest level of dependence on social networks are those who have a higher perception of lack of safety at school and in their area of residence, as well as a higher use of screen time as a leisure activity. The well-being of adolescents using social media in a healthy way is explained by fewer psychological symptoms, better stress management strategies, better body awareness, more physical activity, less time online with friends, and better relationships with family and teachers. Technologies and social networks are important for the well-being of adolescents; it is essential to promote a healthy, critical and balanced use with other "screen-free" activities and to promote socio-emotional skills, a lack of which seems to be one of the biggest risk factors associated with the healthy use of technologies.This work is framed within project UIDB/05380/2020 under support of FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A família e os efeitos da guarda parental na relação e apoio familiar dos adolescentes

This study aimed to study social support among family members, and the effects of parental custody in communication with parents and in the family relationship. A total of 8125 Portuguese adolescents participated in the study, with 52,7% being female, attending the 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th grade in Portugal, as part of the Health Behaviour in School aged Children (HBSC) . The young people were asked if their parents lived in the same house, and if they did not live how was the parental guard. They were also questioned about the level of life satisfaction, family support, satisfaction with the family relationship and the ease of communicating with mother and father. The results indicate that the adolescents living in the shared custody system report having a better relationship with the family and reported being able to communicate with the father more easily. Considering that the number of divorces has increased, there are still very few young people who report living in the shared custody system, where there is greater contact with both parents, most of whom report that they live with one of the parents and rarely or never sees the other parent. More studies on this topic should be developed to understand which parental custody, after separation, has a better impact on the life of adolescents in a situation that in itself can create stress in adolescentsEste estudo teve como objetivo estudar o suporte social na família e os efeitos da guarda parental na comunicação com os pais e na relação familiar. Participaram no estudo 8125 adolescentes portugueses em que 52,7% são do género feminino, que frequentavam o 6º, 8º, 10º e 12º ano de escolaridade em Portugal continental, no âmbito do estudo do Health Behaviour in School aged Children (HBSC). Os jovens foram questionados se os seus pais vivam na mesma casa e se não viviam, como era a guarda parental. Foram também questionados sobre o nível de satisfação com a vida, apoio familiar, satisfação com a relação familiar e a facilidade em comunicar com a mãe e o pai. Os resultados indicam que os adolescentes que vivem no sistema de guarda partilhada referem ter melhor relação com a família e referem ter mais facilidade em comunicar com o pai. Considerando que o número de divórcios tem vindo a aumentar, são ainda muito poucos os jovens que referem viver no sistema de guarda partilhada, onde há um maior contacto com ambos os progenitores, sendo que a maioria refere que vive com um dos progenitor e raramente ou nunca vê o outro progenitor. Deverão ser desenvolvidos mais estudos nesta temática para compreender qual a guarda parental, após a separação, que tem melhor impacto na vida dos adolescentes numa situação que só por si poderá criar stress nos adolescentes.Gina Tomé é apoiada pela Bolsa FCT (SFRH/BPD/108637/2015).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Family environment and Portuguese adolescents: Impact on quality of life and well-being

Background: A healthy and supportive family environment leads to more positive results regarding adolescents’ development. The main objective of this study was to explore and analyze the relationship between adolescents’ quality of life (QoL) and their family environment/relationship. Method: The sample was collected as part of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children 2018 study, which included 8215 adolescents, 52.7% female, with a mean age of 14.36 years (SD = 2.28). Results: Girls are more involved in family activities (such as family meals), report being treated with fairness by their parents and feel less parental pressure to get good grades. Boys have a higher perception regarding their family affluence, better family relationships and support and better QoL. Having an above-average QoL is significantly related to high family affluence, better communication with both parents, greater involvement in family activities, greater perception of help from parents regarding decision-making, greater perception of being treated with fairness by parents and less pressure from parents to get good grades, as well as a better family relationship/support. Conclusion: It is important to determine the impact that parental divorce/separation or a weak parent–child relationship can have on adolescents. It is also necessary to consider the family relationship and structure when devising strategies and public policies related to the promotion of adolescents’ health and well-being.Foundation for Science and Technology SFRH/BD/148299/2019Foundation for Science and Technology SFRH/BD/148403/201

How is leisure related to wellbeing and to substance use? The probable key role of autonomy and supervision

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).The present research is based on a large and representative national survey and intends to analyse the correlation of several leisure activities with risk, and with health and well-being outcomes. This work is part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, a collaborative WHO international study that aims to explore the school-aged children behaviour regarding health and risk behaviours in their life contexts. Participants were 8215 Portuguese adolescents, randomly chosen from those attending the 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th grades in 2018. The sample included 52.7% of girls and the mean age was 14.36 years old. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed (ANOVAS and Chi-Square). The results of the present study suggested that several leisure activities, namely sports and social engagement activities (politic involvement and participation, religious activities, scouting and volunteer work), are associated with the adolescents’ well-being and life satisfaction. However, these types of activities can also be associated with an increase in substance use. However, some activities are also associated with risky behaviour. Identifying activities that promote well-being in young people can be important for professionals, families and public policies.This research received no external funding. Fábio Botelho Guedes has a scholarship from the Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/148299/2019). Ana Cerqueira has a scholarship from the Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/148403/2019). Teresa Freire—The study was conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (PSI/01662), School of Psychology, University of Minho, supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the Portuguese State Budget (UIDB/PSI/01662/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

É bom ter, ou não ter, amigos durante a adolescência? Eis a questão, sempre atual!

The main of the present study was to analyse the importance of friends in the development of social skills and in the adolescent’s wellbeing. A total of 5695 Portuguese adolescents with a mean age of 15.46 (SD=1.80), attending the 8th, 10th and 12th years of schooling in mainland Portugal were included in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Comparisons of means (ANOVA) were performed between adolescents who do not have friends and those who have one or more friends and a logistic regression model to analyse the condition of having no friends. Adolescents who have one or more friends showed higher averages for life satisfaction, social skills, family relationship and screen time. On the other hand, adolescents who do not have friends have a higher average of social alienation and psychological symptoms. The negative impact of not having friends during adolescence is evident and influences the development of social skills and the relation of the adolescents with the family. Preventing social isolation and its consequences is essential, as is the inclusion of peers in developed programs. The results highlight the essential role of friends for well-being, for the development of social skills and the relationship of adolescents with family.O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a importância dos amigos no desenvolvimento de competências sociais e no bem-estar dos adolescentes portugueses. Participaram no estudo 5695 adolescentes portugueses, com média de idades de 15,46 anos (DP=1,80), que frequentavam o 8º,10º e 12º ano de escolaridade em Portugal continental, no âmbito do estudo do Health Behaviour in School aged Children (HBSC). Foram realizadas comparações de médias (ANOVA) entre os adolescentes que não têm amigos e os que têm um ou mais amigos e um modelo de regressão logística para analisar a condição de não ter amigos. Os adolescentes que têm um ou mais amigos revelaram médias superiores para a satisfação com a vida, competências sociais, relação com a família e tempo de ecrã. Por outro lado, os adolescentes que não têm amigos têm média superior de alienação social e sintomas psicológicos. O impacto negativo de não ter amigos ao longo da adolescência é evidente e influencia o desenvolvimento de competências socias e a relação dos adolescentes com a família. Prevenir o isolamento social e as suas consequências é essencial, assim como, incluir os pares nos programas desenvolvidos. Os resultados encontrados salientam o papel essencial dos amigos para o bem-estar, para o desenvolvimento de competências sociais e para o relacionamento dos adolescentes com a família.Gina Tomé é apoiada pela Bolsa FCT (SFRH/BPD/108637/2015).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio