Can education change the world? Education amplifies differences in liberalization values and innovation between developed and developing countries

The present study investigated the relationship between level of education and liberalization values in large, representative samples administered in 96 countries around the world (total N = 139,991). These countries show meaningful variation in terms of the Human Development Index (HDI), ranging from very poor, developing countries to prosperous, developed countries. We found evidence of cross-level interactions, consistently showing that individuals' level of education was associated with an increase in their liberalization values in higher HDI societies, whereas this relationship was curbed in lower HDI countries. This enhanced liberalization mindset of individuals in high HDI countries, in turn, was related to better scores on national indices of innovation. We conclude that this 'education amplification effect' widens the gap between lower and higher HDI countries in terms of liberalized mentality and economic growth potential. Policy implications for how low HDI countries can counter this gap are discussed

Behavioural Consistency Within the Prisoner's Dilemma Game

Mixed-motive games represent situations that confront people with a conflict between cooperative and non-cooperative alternatives. Despite this common basis, recent research has shown that the consistency of people's choices across different mixed-motive games is rather low. The present research examined behavioural consistency within the same mixed-motive game, by presenting participants with a series of one-shot Prisoner's Dilemma Games. Across this set of games, payoffs were manipulated in order to intensify or weaken the conflict between self and the other party while maintaining the game's underlying structure. Our findings indicate that significant differences in choice behaviour are observed as a function of both situational (i.e. manipulations of the Prisoner's Dilemma Game's payoff structure) and personality differences (i.e. individual differences in personality and motivational traits). Moreover, our included situational variables and personality features did not interact with each other and were about equally impactful in shaping cooperation. Crucially, however, despite the significant behavioural differences across game variants, considerable consistency in choices was found as well, which suggests that the game's motivational basis reliably impacts choice behaviour in spite of situational and personality variations. We discuss implications for theorizing on mixed-motive situations and elaborate on the question how cooperation can be promoted

Can education change the world? Education amplifies differences in liberalization values and innovation between developed and developing countries

The present study investigated the relationship between level of education and liberalization values in large, representative samples administered in 96 countries around the world (total N = 139,991). These countries show meaningful variation in terms of the Human Development Index (HDI), ranging from very poor, developing countries to prosperous, developed countries. We found evidence of cross-level interactions, consistently showing that individuals' level of education was associated with an increase in their liberalization values in higher HDI societies, whereas this relationship was curbed in lower HDI countries. This enhanced liberalization mindset of individuals in high HDI countries, in turn, was related to better scores on national indices of innovation. We conclude that this 'education amplification effect' widens the gap between lower and higher HDI countries in terms of liberalized mentality and economic growth potential. Policy implications for how low HDI countries can counter this gap are discussed

Strategies to promote and manage competitiveness and equity in South African agriculture: the South African wine industry

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Bright mind, moral mind? Intelligence is unrelated to consequentialist moral judgment in sacrificial moral dilemmas

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Efficiency analysis of small-scale wool production in the former Transkei, South Africa

A non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to measure the relative efficiency of wool production in the former Transkei. The agricultural activities on the farms are merely non-commercial. Wool is considered as a by-product of keeping sheep, which are slaughtered on special family occasions or sold live. A sample of farmers in three villages of the former Transkei was interviewed. In Luzie a shearing shed was built to organise the marketing of wool, leading to a higher revenue. The farmers however are not able to convert this into a positive gross margin. A small number of farms succeeds in maximising the production of wool given the relative large investment. The negative result of wool farming on the other farms is partly compensated by high benefits from the sales of live sheep. In Xume another shearing shed was built, and extention on production practices is provided. But no marketing through the shed was done at the time of the survey. The existence of a shearing shed should be essential for a higher retail price and extention does have a positive influence on the benefits of the farms. However, the production practices are not adapted to the production of wool only, so that the use of inputs is too high for the general output.For more information on the Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa or subscription to Agrekon, visit http://www.aeasa.org.zahttp://www.aeasa.org.z