On the Eminent Dignity of the Poor in the Church: A Sermon by Jacques Bénigne Bossuet

Jacques Benigne Bossuet gave this public sermon at Vincent de Paul’s request in 1659. It was written during a time of unprecedented poverty, when the French government was forcing the poor into institutions. Bossuet’s sermon “represents a classic statement of the theology of the seventeenth century’s charitable revival.” Its thesis is that like Jesus, the Church reverses the order of the temporal world to mirror that of the kingdom of God. The rich have all the privileges and advantages of the world, but the kingdom of God and the Church belong to the poor. This is because Jesus chose to be poor as part of the new covenant. The rich may only gain the blessings of heaven if they respect and serve the poor, and this is their only admittance to the Church. Edward Udovic’s introduction to the sermon outlines Bossuet’s career, his relationship to Vincent de Paul, and Vincent’s influence on him

Response of littoral chironomid community and organic matter to late glacial lake level and environmental changes at Lago dell'Accesa (Tuscany, Italy).

International audienceThis study focuses on the response of lacustrine littoral chironomid communities to late glacial changes in limnological, environmental and climate conditions in the Mediterranean context. Late glacial chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) assemblages, organic petrography and geochemistry were analysed in a sediment core from the littoral zone of Lago dell'Accesa (Tuscany, Italy), where the lake-level fluctuations and the vegetation history have been previously reconstructed. Comparison of the chironomid stratigraphy to other proxies (pollen assemblages, organic petrography and geochemistry, lake-level) and regional climate reconstruction suggested the predominant influence of lake-level changes on the littoral chironomid fauna. The main lowering events that occurred during the Oldest and the Younger Dryas were followed by higher proportions of taxa typical of littoral habitats. A complementary study of organic matter suggested the indirect impact of lake-level on the chironomids through changes in humic status and habitat characteristics, such as the type of substrate and aquatic macrophyte development. Several chironomid taxa, such as Glyptotendipes, Microtendipes and Cricotopus type patens, were identified as possible indicators of low lake-level in the late glacial records. Nevertheless, this study suggested that parallel analyses of organic matter and chironomid assemblages may be needed to circumvent misinterpretation of littoral chironomid assemblage stratigraphy. There was a weak response of the chironomid assemblages to small lake-level lowerings that corresponded to the Older Dryas and Preboreal oscillations. A higher level of determination, e.g. to the species group level, may be necessary to increase the sensibility of the indicators to lake-level changes

Recueil d'extraits pour l'éducation du comte d'Artois. — Tome Ier

Contient : « Exemples donnés à monseigneur le Dauphin, lorsqu'il apprenoit à lire » ; « Discours du duc de la Vauguyon à monseigneur le Dauphin, après le service solennel fait à Notre-Dame de Paris le premier mars 1766 pour feu monseigneur le Dauphin, vis-à-vis du portrait de ce prince » ; « Extrait des maximes de M. le duc de Montauzier, par rapport à l'éducation de feu Mgr le Grand Dauphin » ; « Instructions de Charles IX, roi de Suède, à son fils Gustave Adolphe » ; « Lettres de Mr de Fenelon à feu Mgr le duc de Bourgogne » ; « Lettres écrites sur l'éducation d'un prince, par M. de Bossuet ou Mr Huet » ; « Éloge de Charlemagne, par le P. Daniel » ; « Éloge de Charlemagne, par Villaret » ; « Éloge de Philippe-Auguste, par le P. Daniel » ; « Instructions de Charlemagne à Louis le Débonnaire son fils, lorsqu'il l'associa à l'empire » ; « Éloge de Philippe-Auguste, par Villaret » ; « Éloge de S. Louis, par le P. Daniel » ; « Éloge de S. Louis, par Villaret » ; « Testament de S. Louis à Philippes son fils et son successeur, rapporté par le sire de Joinville » ; « Instructions écrites de la main de S. Louis, pour Philippes son fils » ; « Éloge de Charles V, par le P. Daniel » ; « Éloge de Charles V, par Villaret » ; « Éloge de Louis XII, par le P. Daniel » ; TableNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document original