Mening och yta - Analys av redigeringsmönster i gymnasisters skrivande

Syftet med studien är att undersöka skillnader i redigeringsmönster hos skribenter på gymnasiet samt hur dessa redigeringsmönster påverkas av kamratrespons. Det långsiktiga målet med undersökningen är att lärare får en bättre förståelse för hur starka respektive svaga elever redigerar text och att de använder sig av dessa kunskaper till att utforma en bättre skrivundervisning. Materialet har samlats in i samband med en VFU-period på ämneslärarprogrammet. Deltagarna i studien skrev texterna som undersöktes i Google Drive vilket innebär att texterna sparas automatiskt varje minut. Denna metod ger en detaljerad ändringshistorik att undersöka. Jag har studerat alla redigeringar och delat in dem i olika kategorier. I denna kvalitativa studie har jag utgått ifrån två olika teoretiska modeller av skrivande (se Hayes & Flower, 1980 samt Chenoweth & Hayes, 2001) i analysen av resultaten. Resultaten visar att de starka eleverna har lika strategier under skrivprocessen. De klarar av att redigera sin text på en global nivå såväl som på en lokal nivå. En gemensam strategi för de starka skribenterna är att de stannar upp, läser om och redigerar i olika delar av texten under skrivandets gång vilket tyder på att de utvärderar sig själva och planerar sitt skrivande. De starka skribenterna tycks lättare göra bruk av kamratrespons än vad de svagare skribenterna tycks kunna. I enighet med tidigare forskning har svaga skribenter svårigheter att komma ur ett lokalt fokus. De gör redigeringar i det senast skrivna och tycks inte se texten i sin helhet

CHANGE IN HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE FIRST 18 MONTHS AFTER LOWER LIMB AMPUTATION:A PROSPECTIVE, LONGITUDINAL STUDY

<p>Objective: To describe changes in health-related quality of life in people with lower limb amputation, from time of amputation to 18 months, taking into consideration the influence of age and walking distance. In addition, quality of life for people with amputation is compared with the Dutch population norm values.</p><p>Design: Multicentre, longitudinal study.</p><p>Subjects: All people undergoing first amputation: 106 were referred, of whom 82 were included, mean age 67.8 years (standard deviation; SD 13.0), 67% men. A total of 35 remained in the study at 18 months.</p><p>Methods: Dutch language RAND-36 questionnaire (Research and Development Corporation measure of Quality of Life) was completed at time of amputation, 6 and 18 months after amputation.</p><p>Results: Over time, a significant improvement was seen in physical function, social function, pain, vitality, and perceived change in health (all p</p><p>Conclusion: Quality of life improved significantly in 5 of 7 domains investigated; most change occurred in the first 6 months. Physical function remained well below population norm values. Different domains may be affected in different ways for older and younger age groups, but this requires further research.</p>

Survival of patients referred and not referred to study after lower limb amputation.

<p>Survival of patients referred and not referred to study after lower limb amputation.</p

Amputation, phantom pain and subjective well-being: a qualitative study

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the impact of an amputation and of phantom pain on the subjective well-being of amputees. Sixteen lower-limb amputees were interviewed. A semi-structured interview and two Visual Analogue Scales were used. To interpret the results, a new socio-medical model joining two models, ‘The Disablement Process model’ and the ‘Social Production Function theory’, was used. Questions were asked concerning the factors influencing patients’ subjective well-being prior to, at the time of and after an amputation. These factors were patients’ medical history, their phantom sensations and phantom pain, their daily activities, the social support they received, and the influence of an amputation and phantom pain on long-term behaviour and on their subjective well-being. All factors were found to have an influence on the individual’s subjective well-being. All these factors, however, seemed to reinforce each other. Therefore, the greatest influence of factors on subjective well-being occurred when more than one factor was involved. Substituting certain activities by others then becomes less and less effective in inducing a sense of subjective well-being

Characteristics of referred and non-referred patients who survived ≥12 months after amputation.

<p>p is difference between referred and non-referred groups;</p>*<p>Median age presented because data were not normally distributed, and mean age also presented to enable comparison to original PP Study;</p>†<p>Mann Whitney U Test;</p>‡<p>Independent sample t-test; all others are Chi-square test;</p>§<p>Exact method used as cell count assumptions not met; Actual population is presented to enable comparison of characteristics, no statistical analysis was performed; not all percentages add up to 100 because of rounding.</p

Characteristics of referred and non-referred patients and actual population.

<p>p is difference between referred and non-referred groups;</p>*<p>Median age presented because data were not normally distributed, and mean age also presented to enable comparison to original PP Study;</p>†<p>Mann Whitney U Test;</p>‡<p>Independent sample t-test; all others are Chi-square test;</p>§<p>Exact method used as cell count assumptions not met;</p>**<p>Comparison of hospitals where there were >10 (n = 6) amputations with ≤10 amputations (n = 7); Actual population is presented to enable comparison of characteristics, no statistical analysis was performed; not all percentages add up to 100 because of rounding.</p

Amputation, phantom pain and subjective well-being:a qualitative study

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the impact of an amputation and of phantom pain on the subjective well-being of amputees. Sixteen lower-limb amputees were interviewed. A semi-structured interview and two Visual Analogue Scales were used. To interpret the results, a new socio-medical model joining two models, 'The Disablement Process model' and the 'Social Production Function theory', was used. Questions were asked concerning the factors influencing patients' subjective well-being prior to, at the time of and after an amputation. These factors were patients' medical history, their phantom sensations and phantom pain, their daily activities, the social support they received, and the influence of an amputation and phantom pain on long-term behaviour and on their subjective well-being. All factors were found to have an influence on the individual's subjective well-being. All these factors, however, seemed to reinforce each other. Therefore, the greatest influence of factors on subjective well-being occurred when more than one factor was involved. Substituting certain activities by others then becomes less and less effective in inducing a sense of subjective well-being