Magnetron sputtering in rigid optical solar reflectors production

Magnetron sputtering was applied to meet the growing need for glass optical solar reflectors. This plasma method provided more uniform deposition of the silver based coating on glass substrates resulted in decrease of defective reflectors fraction down to 5%. For instance, such parameter of resistive evaporation was of 30%. Silver film adhesion to glass substrate was enhanced with indium tin oxide sublayer. Sunlight absorption coefficient of these rigid reflectors was 0.081-0.083

Dentinal anomalies in teeth of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from Scottish waters: are they linked to sexual maturation and environmental events?

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Productivity Gaps Among European Regions

How is the R&D-productivity link affected by the environment where firms locate? Are companies located with their registered offices in more R&D favorable environments better able to translate their R&D knowledge into productivity gains? Our paper tries to answer these questions analyzing - in the European context - if R&D performing companies cluster themselves in \u201chigher-order R&D regions\u201d, as the Economic Geography theories postulate, inducing a polarisation in terms of labour productivity in comparison with firms located in \u201clower-order R&D regions\u201d. The proposed microeconometric estimates are based on a unique longitudinal database of publicly-traded companies belonging to manufacturing and service sectors. The final unbalanced sample comprises 626 European companies for a total of 3,431observations, covering the period 1990-2008. Results show that European \u201chigher-order R&D regions\u201d not only invest more in R&D, but also achieve more in terms of productivity gains from their own research activities. Results also show that in the case of \u201clower-order R&D regions\u201d, physical capital stock is still playing a dominant role