Politics, administration and diplomacy: the Anglo-Scottish border 1550 - 1560

The administration of the Anglo-Scottish border posed a perennial problem for successive Tudor governments. Yet, it was one to which they devoted close attention. A prodigious amount of thought and effort were expended on the seemingly endless complexities of border administration, often to little avail. The importance of these attempts, their successes and failures warrant a detailed analysis. This study has set out to achieve two aims. it is first concerned with the impact of the border policies over the decade of three successive Tudor governments. The French presence in Scotland during the same period and the more often than not hostile reaction of the English regime meant that the border became an important focus for much diplomatic activity. To understand the political problems of the border during the period due weight must be given to Anglo- Scottish and indeed Anglo-French relations. Therefore, the second aim has been to set the border firmly in a diplomatic context. The geographical difficulties facing the Crown in this peripheral region of the kingdom have been dealt with. In addition, it is essential to grasp something of the complexity of border society to enable us to understand the problems of government. Therefore, consideration has been given to the social and economic background of the border. The administrative and judicial structure of the border is examined in order to assess the significance of the government's attempts at reform in these areas. A concomitant preoccupation with officials and administrators produces important bases which further illuminate Crown policy and the inter relationship of the government with the locality. Finally, the decade was one of war and military tension, and so much discussion has been devoted to the diplomatic side of the conflict as well as to the campaigns themselves

New data on pericentric inversion in cattle (Bos Taurus L)

International audienc

Chromosome constitution of a hybrid between East African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) and Dwarf Forest Buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus)

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Atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition of transition metal selenide thin films.

This thesis investigates the formation of thin films of metal selenides via atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD). The films and powders produced were characterised by SEM, EDAX/WDX, XPS, XRD, Raman, SQUID, reflectance and absorbance measurements. The APCVD reaction of TiCl4, V(NMe2)4 and NbCl5 with fBu2Se were respectively found to be a convenient route to stable and crystalline titanium, vanadium and niobium diselenide films. The use of VCI4 and VOCI3 showed that they were both found unsuitable for producing VSe2 from the APCVD reaction with 'Bu2Se. Molybdenum and tungsten diselenide films were respectively synthesised using M0CI5 and WC16 with Et2Se. The WSe2 films produced were highly hydrophobic with contact angles for water droplets in the range of 135 - 145 . Furthermore these surfaces were highly adherent for water droplets that did not roll or slide even at a tilt angle of 90 . The deposition of tin monoselenide and tin diselenide films was achieved by the reaction of SnCU with Et2Se. The deposition temperature, flow rates and position on the substrate determined whether mixed SnSe - SnSe2, pure SnSe or pure SnSe2 thin films could be obtained. The characterisation of the films and powders formed from the APCVD or gas phase reaction of Cr02Cl2 and Et2Se confirmed the formation of an unknown solid solution of Cr2Se3_xOx. Cr2Se3-xOx adopts the hexagonal Cr2C>3 structure for a stoichiometry between Cr2C>3 and Cr2Seo.202.g, and the rhombohedral Cr2Se3 structure for a stoichiometry varying from Cr2Seo.302.7 to Cr2Se2.15O0.85- Magnetic studies showed that all the Cr2Se3.xOx compounds formed with the rhombohedral Cr2Se3 structure had an antiferromagnetic ordering with a Neel temperature lower than the expected one for Cr2Se3

« Les scénaristes sont les seuls auteurs des films : fais en sorte qu’on le sache. Amitiés »

Marcel Achard intervient au cinéma comme scénariste, dialoguiste et cinéaste à partir des années trente, c’est-à-dire dans une période où la notion d’auteur est questionnée aussi bien au théâtre, avec l’émergence de l’auteur-metteur en scène, qu’au cinéma : les réalisateurs peuvent intégrer la SACD (Société des auteurs et compositeurs dramatiques) depuis 1929 ; ils seront considérés comme coauteurs, avec les scénaristes, grâce à la loi de 1957. C’est dans ce contexte que la correspondance de Marcel Achard avec Henri Jeanson ou Marc Allégret témoigne des débats et des tensions qui naissent autour du statut d’auteur, débats qui se prolongent dans certains films, jusqu’à en enrichir l’écriture et l’esthétique.Marcel Achard was active in the cinema from the 1930s, as a screen- and dialogue-writer as well as a filmmaker. This was a time when the status of « author » was a matter for controversy in the theatre (with the emergence of the « author-stage director ») as well as in the cinema (film directors had been able to join the SACD [Society of Dramatic Authors and Composers]) since 1929 and they were considered legal « co-authors », along with screenwriters, after the law of 1957. In this context, the correspondence between Marcel Achard and Henri Jeanson or Marc Allégret reflects the controversies and tensions arising from the « author » status – discussions which continued in certain films, enhancing both the writing and the aesthetics

Reconstructing the Arsenical Copper Production Process in Early Bronze Age Southwest Asia

As the dominant alloy in much of the Old World for several millennia between in the Late Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages, surprisingly little work has been undertaken to understand how arsenical copper was produced and what led to its ubiquitous appearance in the archaeological record. Since arsenic and copper mineralizations often occur paragenetically, and due to the proximity of such deposits to a number of early production centres, it has often been assumed that the dominance of the alloy at the time was simply the result of the serendipitous smelting of widely available polymetallic ores. This thesis questions this narrative as overly simplistic and offers new evidence of intentional and advanced alloying techniques predating the rise of tin bronzes by several centuries. The archaeometric study of metallurgical remains from two recently excavated sites is used as the basis for the reconstruction of arsenical copper’s chaînes opératoires. The sites are Çamlıbel Tarlası in Central Turkey, dating to the mid-fourh millennium BC, and Arisman in West Central Iran, dating to the late fourth to early third millennium BC. The material under study consists of the full gamut of metal production remains, including ore minerals, crucibles, furnaces, slag, and finished objects, all of which were microscopically and compositionally characterised using optical microscopy and SEM-EDS. Other techniques, such as pXRF, EPMA, and ICP-MS were also employed to answer specific questions and in situations where the benchtop instruments were unsuitable. The overall aim of the thesis was first and foremost to evaluate ways in which arsenical copper was produced. The results demonstrate unequivocally that both naturally occurring and synthetically produced arsenic minerals were alloyed with copper in stages entirely separate from smelting. These findings are then contextualised within the wider large scale societal developments occurring at the onset of the Bronze Age by looking at the impacts of these technological innovations on the emergence of settlement specialization, the organisation of labour, and wider networks of knowledge transfer and sharing

Plasma transport modelling in the inner magnetosphere: effects of magnetic field, electric field and exospheric models

A qualitative study is performed on plasma transport modelling in the inner magnetosphere, revealing the significance of a model use choice and its parameterization. First, we examine particle transport using comparative analysis of both magnetic and electric field models. This work reveals that the electric field plays an important role in understanding particle dynamics and the models lead to various results in terms of plasma source, energy and particle trajectory. We then concentrate particularly on proton loss assessment considering the charge exchange phenomenon. For that, models are needed to provide a neutral hydrogen density estimation. So, exospheric models were tested in light of the Dynamics Explorer 1 measurements analysed by Rairden

A new reciprocal translocation in a hypoprolific boar

International audienc