O tolerancji i empatii wobec odmienności w profilaktyce zespołu nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej

Rozważając obecną sytuację dzieci z nadpobudliwością psychoruchową w szkole masowej, nie sposób nie poruszyć kwestii dotyczących akceptowania odmienności i umiejętności wczucia się w sytuację drugiego człowieka. Dzieci te bowiem, często nieakceptowane, odrzucane czy izolowane przez grupę rówieśniczą, wymagają szczególnej uwagi. Liczba placówek integracyjnych jest do tej pory niewielka, a w szkołach masowych dzieci te są niechętnie „widziane” z powodu konieczności poświęcania im znacznie większej uwagi niż pozostałym dzieciom, co stwarza konieczność poszukiwania nowych rozwiązań edukacyjnych. Wiele terapii stosowanych wobec dzieci nadpobudliwych i ich rodziców koncentruje się na korygowaniu objawów zaburzenia, czyli na pomocy w skupianiu uwagi, radzeniu sobie z nadruchliwością czy agresją. Są to terapie indywidualne bądź skierowane do określonej nielicznej grupy dzieci, jak również obejmujące psychoedukację rodziców. Wydaje się jednak, że brakuje programów zmierzających do poprawy funkcjonowania społecznego dzieci nadpobudliwych, które realizowałoby się w ich naturalnych środowiskach rówieśniczych, a zatem w szkole, programów dostosowanych do realiów szkolnych, czyli do ram czasowych lekcji szkolnej, jak i do liczebności klasy. Celem autorek niniejszego artykułu było przedstawienie propozycji programu, który rozwijałby u dzieci empatię i uczył postaw tolerancji wobec odmienności, poprawiał samoocenę, kształtował ich poczucie własnej wartości oraz integrował klasę. Poprawa relacji między uczniami tworzyłaby lepszy klimat do akceptacji dzieci z problemem nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej, co przyczyniłoby się do pozytywnych zmian w ich zachowaniu na terenie szkoły

Rola nietolerancji pokarmowych w powstawaniu objawów zespołu jelita nadwrażliwego u dorosłych

Wielu pacjentów z zespołem jelita nadwrażliwego (IBS) wiąże występowanie swoich dolegliwości ze strony przewodu pokarmowego ze spożywaniem pokarmów. Nietolerancje pokarmowe słabo wchłanialnych wodorowęglanów powodują objawy zbliżone do tych, jakie zgłaszają pacjenci z IBS. W ostatnich latach zaczęło pojawiać się coraz więcej doniesień na temat udziału nietolerancji pokarmowych w powstawaniu objawów IBS. Ukazały się również raporty wykazujące korzystne efekty stosowania restrykcyjnej diety z ograniczeniem zdolnych do fermentacji, słabo wchłanialnych wodorowęglanów u niektórych pacjentów z IBS, konieczne jest jednakże potwierdzenie tych rezultatów w dalszych kontrolowanych badaniach. W pracy na podstawie systematycznego przeglądu piśmiennictwa dokonano omówienia związku występujących w IBS objawów z nietolerancją zdolnych do fermentacji, słabo wchłanialnych węglowodanów, takich jak: laktoza, fruktoza, fruktany, sorbitol i inne alkohole cukrowe (poliole), określanych mianem fermentujących oligo-, di-, monosacharydów i polioli (FODMAPs). Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej 2011, tom 5, nr 3, 239–24

Patterns of gene expression characterize T1 and T3 clear cell renal cell carcinoma subtypes

Renal carcinoma is the 20th most common cancer worldwide. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent type of renal cancer. Even in patients diagnosed at an early stage, characteristics of disease progression remain heterogeneous. Up-to-date molecular classifications stratify the ccRCC samples into two clusters. We analyzed gene expression in 23 T1 or T3 ccRCC samples. Unsupervised clustering divided this group into three clusters, two of them contained pure T1 or T3 samples while one contained a mixed group. We defined a group of 36 genes that discriminate the mixed cluster. This gene set could be associated with tumor classification into a higher stage and it contained significant number of genes coding for molecular transporters, channel and transmembrane proteins. External data from TCGA used to test our findings confirmed that the expression levels of those 36 genes varied significantly between T1 and T3 tumors. In conclusion, we found a clustering pattern of gene expression, informative for heterogeneity among T1 and T3 tumors of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Dysregulation of transcription factor activity during formation of cancer-associated fibroblasts

The reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and the quiescent fibroblasts leading to the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) serve an important role in cancer progression. Here, we investigated the activation of transcription factors (TFs) in prostate fibroblasts (WPMY cell line) co-cultured with normal prostate or tumorous cells (RWPE1 and RWPE2 cell lines, respectively). After indirect co-cultures, we performed mRNA-seq and predicted TF activity using mRNA expression profiles with the Systems EPigenomics Inference of Regulatory Activity (SEPIRA) package and the GTEx and mRNA-seq data of 483 cultured fibroblasts. The initial differential expression analysis between time points and experimental conditions showed that co-culture with normal epithelial cells mainly promotes an inflammatory response in fibroblasts, whereas with the cancerous epithelial, it stimulates transformation by changing the expression of the genes associated with microfilaments. TF activity analysis revealed only one positively regulated TF in the RWPE1 co-culture alone, while we observed dysregulation of 45 TFs (7 decreased activity and 38 increased activity) uniquely in co-culture with RWPE2. Pathway analysis showed that these 45 dysregulated TFs in fibroblasts co-cultured with RWPE2 cells may be associated with the RUNX1 and PTEN pathways. Moreover, we showed that observed dysregulation could be associated with FER1L4 expression. We conclude that phenotypic changes in fibroblast responses to co-culturing with cancer epithelium result from orchestrated dysregulation of signaling pathways that favor their transformation and motility rather than proinflammatory status. This dysregulation can be observed both at the TF and transcriptome levels

The importance of nutritional therapy in the treatment of Crohn's disease in the paediatric population

Crohn's disease is one of the inflammatory bowel diseases that is chronic and inflammatory potential. The course of Crohn's disease in children is usually more severe than in adults. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea. Limited food intake, malabsorption and increased excretion often lead to malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies in pediatric patients. The development of Crohn's disease depends on genetic, microbiological and environmental factors that lead to intestinal dysbiosis and abnormal activation of the intestinal immune system. An anti-inflammatory diet plays an important role in disease prevention. It's characterized by a high content of products rich in anti-inflammatory food ingredients, such as: antioxidant vitamins, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3, monounsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber and vitamin D. The anti-inflammatory diet is also characterized by a low content of products rich in pro-inflammatory food ingredients, including: saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, simple sugars, alcohol, salt, as well as some emulsifiers, preservatives and artificial sweeteners. The position paper on the therapeutic management of children with Crohn's disease was developed by pediatric section of the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization and The European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. One of the main therapeutic goals of Crohn's disease of children is to achieve and maintain clinical and deep intestinal mucosal remission. Treatment for Crohn's disease consists of remission-inducing therapy and remission-maintaining therapy. Remission-inducing therapies include: nutritional therapy, steroid therapy and anti-TNF-alpha biological therapy. Whereas remission-maintaining therapies include: immunosuppressive therapy, anti-TNF-alpha biological therapy and nutritional therapy. The first chosen therapeutic method in achieving remission of Crohn's disease in children, located in the ileocecal and colonic region is the introduction of total enteral nutrition for 6-8 weeks. Whereas the first chosen therapeutic method in maintain remission is anti-TNF-alpha biologic therapy or combination therapy with anti-TNF-alpha with immunosuppressive treatment. The Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet combined with partial enteral nutrition shows comparable therapeutic potential for remission induction to exclusive enteral nutrition, as well as promising therapeutic potential for maintenance of remission. The purpose of this diet is reduce the exposure of patients to food components that may adversely affect on the intestinal immunity. The aim of the study is to systematization of available knowledge on the impact of enteral nutrition and oral diet in children for achieving remission

DNA methylation analysis of negative pressure therapy effect in diabetic foot ulcers

Objective: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been used to treat diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs). Its action on the molecular level, however, is only partially understood. Some earlier data suggested NPWT may be mediated th rough modification of local gene expression. As methylation is a key epigenetic regulatory mechanism of gene expression, we assessed the effect of NPWT on its profile in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and neuropathic non-infected DFUs. Methods: Of 36 included patients, 23 were assigned to NPWT and 13 to standard therapy. Due to ethical concerns, the assignment was non-randomized and based on wound characteristics. Tissue samples were obtained before and 8 ± 1 days after therapy initiation. DNA methylation patterns were checked by Illumina Methylation EPIC kit. Results: In terms of clinical characteristics, the groups presented typical features of T2DM; however, the NPWT group had significantly greater wound ar ea: 16.8 cm2 vs 1.4 cm2 (P = 0.0003). Initially only one region at chromosome 5 was differentially methylated. After treatment, 57 differentially methylated genes were found, mainly located on chromosomes 6 (chr6p21) and 20 (chr20p13); they were associated with DNA repair and autocrine signaling via retinoic acid receptor. We performed differential analyses pre treatment and post treatment. The analysis reveale d 426 differentially methylated regions in the NPWT group, but none in the control group. The enrichment analysis showed 11 processes significantly associated with NPWT, of which 4 were linked with complement system activation. All but one were hypermethylated after NPWT. Conclusion: The NPWT effect on DFUs may be mediated through epigenetic chan ges resulting in the inhibition of complement system activation

Biodiversity of bacteriophages: morphological and biological properties of a large group of phages isolated from urban sewage

A large scale analysis presented in this article focuses on biological and physiological variety of bacteriophages. A collection of 83 bacteriophages, isolated from urban sewage and able to propagate in cells of different bacterial hosts, has been obtained (60 infecting Escherichia coli, 10 infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4 infecting Salmonella enterica, 3 infecting Staphylococcus sciuri, and 6 infecting Enterococcus faecalis). High biological diversity of the collection is indicated by its characteristics, both morphological (electron microscopic analyses) and biological (host range, plaque size and morphology, growth at various temperatures, thermal inactivation, sensitivity to low and high pH, sensitivity to osmotic stress, survivability upon treatment with organic solvents and detergents), and further supported by hierarchical cluster analysis. By the end of the research no larger collection of phages from a single environmental source investigated by these means had been found. The finding was confirmed by whole genome analysis of 7 selected bacteriophages. Moreover, particular bacteriophages revealed unusual biological features, like the ability to form plaques at low temperature (4 °C), resist high temperature (62 °C or 95 °C) or survive in the presence of an organic solvents (ethanol, acetone, DMSO, chloroform) or detergent (SDS, CTAB, sarkosyl) making them potentially interesting in the context of biotechnological applications

Contrasting effect of dark-chilling on chloroplast structure and arrangement of chlorophyll-protein complexes in pea and tomato: plants with a different susceptibility to non-freezing temperature

The effect of dark-chilling and subsequent photoactivation on chloroplast structure and arrangements of chlorophyll-protein complexes in thylakoid membranes was studied in chilling-tolerant (CT) pea and in chilling-sensitive (CS) tomato. Dark-chilling did not influence chlorophyll content and Chl a/b ratio in thylakoids of both species. A decline of Chl a fluorescence intensity and an increase of the ratio of fluorescence intensities of PSI and PSII at 120 K was observed after dark-chilling in thylakoids isolated from tomato, but not from pea leaves. Chilling of pea leaves induced an increase of the relative contribution of LHCII and PSII fluorescence. A substantial decrease of the LHCII/PSII fluorescence accompanied by an increase of that from LHCI/PSI was observed in thylakoids from chilled tomato leaves; both were attenuated by photoactivation. Chlorophyll fluorescence of bright grana discs in chloroplasts from dark-chilled leaves, detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy, was more condensed in pea but significantly dispersed in tomato, compared with control samples. The chloroplast images from transmission-electron microscopy revealed that dark-chilling induced an increase of the degree of grana stacking only in pea chloroplasts. Analyses of O-J-D-I-P fluorescence induction curves in leaves of CS tomato before and after recovery from chilling indicate changes in electron transport rates at acceptor- and donor side of PS II and an increase in antenna size. In CT pea leaves these effects were absent, except for a small but irreversible effect on PSII activity and antenna size. Thus, the differences in chloroplast structure between CS and CT plants, induced by dark-chilling are a consequence of different thylakoid supercomplexes rearrangements