Complicações pós-operatórias tardias das ostomias intestinais.

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Clínica Cirúrgica, Curso de Medicina, Florianópolis, 199

Defining the gene expression signature of rhabdomyosarcoma by meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and arises as a consequence of regulatory disruption of the growth and differentiation pathways of myogenic precursor cells. The pathogenic pathways involved in this tumor are mostly unknown and therefore a better characterization of RMS gene expression profile would represent a considerable advance. The availability of publicly available gene expression datasets have opened up new challenges especially for the integration of data generated by different research groups and different array platforms with the purpose of obtaining new insights on the biological process investigated. RESULTS: In this work we performed a meta-analysis on four microarray and two SAGE datasets of gene expression data on RMS in order to evaluate the degree of agreement of the biological results obtained by these different studies and to identify common regulatory pathways that could be responsible of tumor growth. Regulatory pathways and biological processes significantly enriched has been investigated and a list of differentially meta-profiles have been identified as possible candidate of aggressiveness of RMS. CONCLUSION: Our results point to a general down regulation of the energy production pathways, suggesting a hypoxic physiology for RMS cells. This result agrees with the high malignancy of RMS and with its resistance to most of the therapeutic treatments. In this context, different isoforms of the ANT gene have been consistently identified for the first time as differentially expressed in RMS. This gene is involved in anti-apoptotic processes when cells grow in low oxygen conditions. These new insights in the biological processes responsible of RMS growth and development demonstrate the effective advantage of the use of integrated analysis of gene expression studies

MICROBIOTA E CONSERVAÇÃO DO LEITE

Milk contais a series of compounds such as water, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and trace elements. Its nutricional characteristics makes it an important substratum for the multiplication of microorganisms. The microbial contamination of the milk can take in two ways: the endogenous and exogenous, ranging quantitatively and qualitatively according to the existing conditions of hygiene. Raw milk kept under refrigeration temperatures for many days can contain bacteria of the following genera: Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Microbacterium, Oerskovia, Propionobacterium, Micrococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Listeria. May also be present some representatives of the group of fecal coliform. To eliminate or reduce to acceptable levels the microbiota of milk, heat treatments are of fundamental importance The objective of this review was to analyze and discuss the influence of the microbiota of milk in processing and storing of milk and preservation methods used to prolong the shelf life and ensure food safety and product quality.O leite é constituído por uma série de componentes como água, lipídios, proteínas, carboidratos e micronutrientes que o torna um importante substrato para a multiplicação dos microrganismos. A contaminação microbiana do leite pode dar-se por duas vias: a endógena e a exógena, variando qualitativa e quantitativamente de acordo com as condições de higiene existentes. O leite cru mantido sob temperatura de refrigeração por muitos dias pode conter bactérias dos seguintes gêneros:Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Microbacterium, Propionobacterium, Micrococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, BacilluseListeria, além de alguns representantes do grupo dos coliformes fecais. A microbiota do leite também é importante no que diz respeito à saúde pública, pois várias zoonoses importantes podem ser transmitidas ao homem por agentes etiológicos presentes no leite cru ou mal pasteurizado. Para eliminar ou reduzir a níveis aceitáveis a microbiota do leite, os tratamentos térmicossão de fundamental importância. O objetivo desta revisão é analisar e discutir a influência da microbiota do leite no processamento earmazenamento do mesmo e os métodos de conservação utilizados para prolongar a vida de prateleira e garantir a segurança alimentar e a qualidade do produto final

Novel models for chronic intestinal inflammation in chickens : intestinal inflammation pattern and biomarkers

For poultry producers, chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation has a negative impact on productivity by impairing nutrient absorption and allocation of nutrients for growth. Understanding the triggers of chronic intestinal inflammation and developing a non-invasive measurement is crucial to managing gut health in poultry. In this study, we developed two novel models of low-grade chronic intestinal inflammation in broiler chickens: a chemical model using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and a dietary model using a high non-starch polysaccharide diet (NSP). Further, we evaluated the potential of several proteins as biomarkers of gut inflammation. For these experiments, the chemical induction of inflammation consisted of two 5-day cycles of oral gavage of either 0.25mg DSS/ml or 0.35mg DSS/ml; whereas the NSP diet (30% rice bran) was fed throughout the experiment. At four times (14, 22, 28 and 36-d post-hatch), necropsies were performed to collect intestinal samples for histology, and feces and serum for biomarkers quantification. Neither DSS nor NSP treatments affected feed intake or livability. NSP-fed birds exhibited intestinal inflammation through 14-d, which stabilized by 36-d. On the other hand, the cyclic DSS-treatment produced inflammation throughout the entire experimental period. Histological examination of the intestine revealed that the inflammation induced by both models exhibited similar spatial and temporal patterns with the duodenum and jejunum affected early (at 14-d) whereas the ileum was compromised by 28-d. Calprotectin (CALP) was the only serum protein found to be increased due to inflammation. However, fecal CALP and Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) concentrations were significantly greater in the induced inflammation groups at 28-d. This experiment demonstrated for the first time, two in vivo models of chronic gut inflammation in chickens, a DSS and a nutritional NSP protocols. Based on these models we observed that intestinal inflammation begins in the upper segments of small intestine and moved to the lower region over time. In the searching for a fecal biomarker for intestinal inflammation, LCN-2 showed promising results. More importantly, calprotectin has a great potential as a novel biomarker for poultry measured both in serum and feces.</jats:p

Supplementation of Protected Sodium Butyrate Alone or in Combination With Essential Oils Modulated the Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Coccidia and Clostridium perfringens

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of protected sodium butyrate (SB), and protected sodium butyrate plus essential oils (carvacrol and ginger; SBEO) on the cecal microbiota of broilers challenged with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens. Birds were assigned to 4 treatments (8 replicates pens of 58 birds/pen): unchallenged control; challenged control; challenged and supplemented with SB; challenged and supplemented with SBEO. On d 13, challenged birds were orally inoculated with ~5,000 Eimeria maxima oocysts. On d 18–19, the same birds were exposed to Clostridium perfringens via drinking water (~8 log CFU/ml). Cecal excreta was collected at d 12, 18, 21, and 28 for microbiota analysis through 16s rRNA sequencing using Illumina MiSeq platform and analyzed using QIIME v. 1.9.1 The cecal microbiota was analyzed over time within each experimental group. The inclusion of SB alone or in combination with EO contributed to larger variations in the cecal microbiota over time than the unsupplemented treatments, as shown by the diversity indices. The community structure and abundance of the cecal microbiota were significantly different across ages, especially in the groups supplemented with SB and SBEO. As shown in the PCoA analysis, the supplementation of SB led to a more stable microbial community and lower between-sample variability over time. In the unchallenged control birds, Ruminococcus decreased (p = 0.006), whereas Bacteroides and Clostridiales increased (p ≤ 0.02) as the birds aged. In the challenged control group, however, the frequency of Coprococcus and Blautia decreased as birds aged (p ≤ 0.01), and, Clostridiales did not increase. Supplementation of SB, but not SBEO, increased the frequency of Lactobacillus (p = 0.01) on d 12 compared to d 18 and d 28, and prevented the reduction in the frequency of Blautia as the birds aged. Nevertheless, supplementation of SB and SBEO contributed to unique changes in the predicted functions of the cecal microbiota over time, which was not observed in the unsupplemented birds. SB and SBEO modulated the diversity, composition, and predictive function of the cecal microbiota which may have lowered the negative impact of necrotic enteritis (NE)

Autolyzed Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supplementation Improves Performance While Modulating the Intestinal Immune-System and Microbiology of Broiler Chickens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary autolyzed yeast (AY; Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on growth performance, immune system, and intestinal bacterial count in broiler chickens. A total of 1,260 1-day-old male Ross AP95 chicks were placed in a completely randomized design (4 treatments, 7 replicates each, and 45 birds/replicate). The treatments were: basal diet—negative control (NC); basal diet supplemented with 55 ppm of zinc bacitracin—positive control (PC); NC + 0.2% of AY; NC + 0.4% of AY. The diets were formulated based on corn-soybean meal with 5% inclusion of wheat bran and 5% of poultry by-product meal. At 7 days of age, all birds were eye drop-vaccinated with live vaccine against coccidiosis. At 8 and 21 days of age, one chicken per pen was then euthanized by cervical dislocation to collect ileal and cecal contents for enumeration of Enterococcus sp., Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus sp. Yet, ileal samples were collected to analyze the gene expression of Claudin-1, IL-1β, IL-4, TLR-4, and MUC-2 through real time PCR. On d 21, it was observed that the inclusion of 0.2% of AY improved FCR (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to the NC treatment. In the overall experimental period, the inclusion of zinc bacitracin and 0.4% of AY improved FCR (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the NC group. On d 8, supplementation of 0.2% of AY increased Enterococcus and both concentrations of AY reduced Lactobacillus in the ileal digesta compared to birds supplemented with zinc bacitracin. On d 21, 0.2% of AY reduced E. coli in the cecal digesta. On d 8, AY supplementation downregulated the expression of TLR-4 vs. the PC group (P = 0.04). On d 21, supplementation of AY upregulated the expression of IL-1β (P &lt; 0.05) vs. the NC group. Supplementation of AY improved the growth performance of broiler chickens vaccinated against coccidiosis, partially explained by the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and immune-system

4-[(1,3-Dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2-yl)meth­yl]-N′-[(E)-4-nitro­benzyl­idene]benzene­sulfono­hydrazide dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate

The mol­ecular structure of the title compound, C26H18N4O6S·C2H6OS, shows an E conformation of the hydrazone double bond. The presence of a methyl­ene group between the benzo[de]isoquinoline and benzene­sulfonyl moieties allows the 4-nitro­phenyl ring and the benzo[de]isoquinoline system to be parallel with respect to each other, so that the mol­ecule adopts a U-shaped spatial conformation. The dihedral angle between mean planes of these aromatic groups is 4.4 (1)°. This special arrangement enables neighboring mol­ecules to be inter­calated, forming slipped π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.535 (2) Å] between the 4-nitro­phenyl and benzo[de]isoquinoline groups and point-to-face C—H⋯π inter­actions between the benzo[de]isoquinoline and benzene­sulfonyl aromatic systems. In addition, the crystal packing also features an inter­molecular N—H⋯O inter­action involving the amine group and the dimethyl sulfoxide solvent mol­ecule