Międzypokoleniowy przekaz kulturowy w rodzinach wiejskich województwa podlaskiego

Celem artykułu jest określenie roli jaką odgrywają osoby starsze w międzypokoleniowym przekazie kulturowym. Zostanie w nim zaprezentowane zagadnienie kulturotwórczej roli rodziny we współczesnym świecie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem relacji najstarszego pokolenia z wnukami. Natomiast w wynikach badań zostaną przedstawione dane na temat przekazu kulturowego, dokonującego się między pokoleniami w środowiskach wiejskich województwa podlaskiego. Prezentowane wyniki dotyczą badań przeprowadzonych w latach 1999–2001 i 2007–2009, które były realizowane na terenie województwa podlaskiego w trzech gminach zróżnicowanych pod względem etnicznym: gminie Narew, Dziadkowice i Puńsk. Przeprowadzone badania miały charakter badań ilościowych i jakościowych i realizowane były metodą sondażu diagnostycznego oraz wywiadu niestandaryzowanego. Międzypokoleniowy przekaz kulturowy, stanowiący temat niniejszego artykułu, był jednym z ważnych – z punktu widzenia – pedagogicznego zagadnień dotyczących relacji osób starszych z młodszymi członkami rodziny, roli wychowawczej jaką odgrywają oni w ich życiu, a także wpływu na podejmowane przez nich decyzje

“Grandparents as Parents” Seen Through the Eyes of Adult Grandchildren

Changes in the family in recent years have contributed more and more frequently to grandparents taking over roles related to caring for grandchildren. Therefore, it becomes important to look for an answer to the question about factors determining the nature of the relationship between grandchildren and grandparents – parents. The purpose of this paper is to present research results showing the relationship between grandchildren and grandparents – parents and the role that the eldest family members played, in the opinion of grandchildren, in their lives.Zmiany zachodzące w ostatnich latach w rodzinie coraz częściej przyczyniają się do przejmowania przez dziadków ról związanych z opieką nad wnukami. Dlatego też ważne staje się poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytanie dotyczące czynników warunkujących charakter relacji pomiędzy wnukami a „dziadkami-rodzicami”. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań ukazujących relacje pomiędzy wnukami a „dziadkami-rodzicami” oraz rolę, jaką najstarsi członkowie rodziny odegrali, zdaniem wnuków, w ich życiu

Działania wychowawczo profilaktyczne a diagnoza potrzeb środowiska szkolnego

Aby zwiększyć szanse uczniów na ich prawidłowy rozwój w sferach fizycznej, społecznej, psychicznej i duchowej, należy przyjrzeć się celom wychowawczym, jakie stawia sobie jednostka oświatowa, oraz zagrożeniom w poszczególnych sferach rozwoju dzieci i młodzieży. Do realizacji tego zadania niezbędna jest rzetelna diagnoza potrzeb środowiska szkolnego, umożliwiająca nie tylko ocenę potencjału placówki, ale także zapobiegająca poniesieniu ryzyka niepotrzebnych i nietrafnych działań, co więcej – ułatwiająca dostrzeżenie skutecznych rozwiązań. Joanna Borowik, autorka publikacji – w warstwach teoretycznej i praktycznej pracy inaugurującej serię wydawniczą Wychowanie i Profilaktyka – zachęca do podejmowania działań wychowawczo-profilaktycznych, a przede wszystkim diagnozy potrzeb środowiska szkolnego

Pregnant woman infected with SARS-COV-2 – diagnosis and treatment

Introduction: COVID-19 is an infection caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus. In pregnant women with COVID-19, compared to non-pregnant women, there is an increased risk of a severe course of the infection. Pregnant women are more often hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit and require mechanical ventilation. In the course of COVID-19 infection, pregnant women have a greater risk of miscarriage, premature birth or having a baby with low birth weight, compared to their healthy pregnancy peers. The aim of the study: To present, based on the available literature, the principles of management of a pregnant woman infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. State of knowledge: The evidence of infection is the detection of the virus in the clinical specimen confirmed by PCR. Chest computer tomography can be useful in diagnosis, especially when the PCR test result is negative. Particular attention should be paid to pharmacological treatment, which should be both effective and safe for the fetus. Certain antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs as well as anticoagulants drugs are used in COVID-19 therapy. Oxygen and fluid therapy is also important. The condition of the fetus should be monitored regularly. It is recommended to measure the fetal heart rate, perform cardiotocography, pregnancy ultrasound and assess the volume of amniotic fluid. The decision about the time and method of delivery should be made individually on the basis of obstetric indications and the maternal-fetal condition. Summary: The therapy of a pregnant patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 should be adjusted individually depending on the woman's health condition. In therapeutic interventions, the welfare of both the mother and the fetus should be taken into account

The role of obstetricians and neonatologists in childcare in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused numerous changes to the healthcare system, including care for the newborns. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to create a clear set of recommendations used in the care of a newborn during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. State of knowledge: Despite the low risk of infection of the newborn in utero or during vaginal delivery, in rare cases there is a possibility of vertical transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Every newborn baby whose mother has been diagnosed with COVID-19 disease should be screened for infection. Suspected neonates should be isolated from healthy children and kept in quarantine until the test result is obtained. It is essential to constantly monitor your baby's health and be alert to any possible signs of infection. Medical personnel should ensure adequate protection when handling an infected newborn. A healthy infant whose mother is SARS-Cov-2 positive may be discharged home provided it is looked after by a healthy caregiver. Summary: New patterns of management in maternity and neonatal departments are associated with changes that may have a significant impact on the mother-child relationship. When making decisions aimed at reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is necessary to seek solutions taking into account the needs of this particular group of patients

Plant based diet and cardio-metabolic disease

Introduction: Modern lifestyle, especially diet have a great impact on health. The number of people suffering from conditions related to lifestyle is growing rapidly. Illnesses related to lifestyle, specifically to diet are large health and economic burdens, which makes them the leading priorities of our time. Coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, type 2 diabetes, and obesity are some of cardio-metabolic diseases related to diet.  Plant-based diets are dietary patterns in which  a high intake of plant food is emphasized  and the intake of animal products is limited. Plant based diet was associated with decreased risk of cardio-metabolic disease.The aim of the study: The purpose of this systemic review was to collect and analyse current data of plant based diet and its effect on health.Material and method: Standard criteria were used to review the literature data. The search of articles in the PubMed and Google Scholar database was carried out using the following keywords: plant based diet, vegetarian diet, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia.Description of the state of knowledge: Red meat and, especially processed meat, is source of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, and sodium, which makes it a risk factors for metabolic disorders.  Healthy plant based diet can positively affect cardiovascular health in many ways. High fiber content makes those diets  low in energy density, flavonoids that are present in fruits and vegetables and also high content of antioxidants. Plant based diet was also shown to be helpful in reducing weight.Summary: Many risk factors of cardio-metabolic disease are related to our lifestyle and dietary choices . Changes towards plant based diet can be beneficial for our health in many ways. Healthy plant based diet should be considered as a nonpharmaceutical approach to prevent and treat cardio-metabolic diseases

Bupropion - an antidepressant drug with broad therapeutic potential

Introduction: Bupropion is currently mainly used as an atypical antidepressant due to its psychotropic effects. In addition, it shows high potential in reducing withdrawal cravings in addicts, which is also used in the treatment of nicotinism. However, studies in recent years have shown that it may also be useful in other conditions.Aim of the study: Our aim was to review the known usage of bupropion in the fields of psychiatry, neurology and internal medicine, and to identify potential directions for further research. Methods and materials: We reviewed the literature available in the PubMed database, using the key words: "bupropion"; "depression"; "smoking cessation"; "obesity"; "ADHD".Results: Bupropion- an antidepressant drug belonging to the group of selective norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors. Bupropion is approved by the FDA(Food and Drug Administration) for the treatment of depression, seasonal affective disorder and nicotinism. The literature shows that it is also effective in off-label indications - treatment of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression in bipolar disorder, obesity, neuropathic pain and cancer-related fatigue syndrome.Conclusion: Due to the specific effects of bupropion, there are many more usage for the drug than the primary indications for which it is usually used. The usage of the drug described in the literature require additional studies on a larger group of patients

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist-Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI) therapy as a new hope in the population of people with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)

Introduction: Heart failure affects an estimated 23 million people, as many as 50% of whom suffer from a heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), in which the left ventricle ejection fraction is <40% and is accompanied by clinical symptoms. Given the high mortality rate in this group of patients and the continuous suboptimal control of the condition, novel pharmacotherapy regimens are needed to slow the progression of the disease. Preliminary studies report a positive effect of including an angiotensin receptor antagonist and neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) in this group of patients. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to summarize the benefits of ARNI in a group of patients with HFrEF. Methods and materials: This article is based on the literature found in PubMed Database with use of keywords such as “ARNI”, “neprilysin inhibition”, HFrEF”, “heart failure” Results: The benefits of ARNI therapy in patients with HFrEF originate from reversing myocardial remodeling and increasing left ventricular ejection fraction. ARNI therapy is associated with reduced number of hospitalizations and a lower need for intensive treatment. In addition, ARNI use reduces the risk of cardiovascular death and is responsible for lower overall mortality rate compared to pharmacotherapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs). Conclusion: ARNIs in patients with HFrEF have a positive effect on the rate of cardiovascular hospitalization, as well as reducing cardiovascular-related mortality and total mortality. Future research studies should evaluate the predictive factors of response to treatment with this group of drugs using larger groups of patients

Inositol supplementation - known and possible applications

Introduction: Myo-inositol (MYO) and D-chiro-inositol are chemical compounds known to exert an impact on multiple signaling pathways of a human body. Due to its effects on insulin metabolism and ovaries’ hormone activity their use in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) therapies has been highly recommended in the recent literature. In this article we aim to review the known and possible applications of inositol and its derivatives for treatment of various gynecological and endocrine disorders and to indicate possible directions of further investigations. Methods and materials: This article is based on the literature found in PubMed Database from the period of 2016-2022 with use of keywords such as “inositol”; “myoinositol”; “d-chiro-inositol”; “PCOS”; “insulin”. Results: The applications of myoinositol in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are very well known in recent publications. It is reported that MYO supplementation improves the quality of oocytes, regulates the menstrual cycle and ovulation rates. Prevention of gestational diabetes (GDM) amongst the patients with risk factors is likely another use of inositols. Inositol takes part in phospholipase C pathway, thus its depletion may be the cause for hypothyroidism. Inositol inhibits the expression of aromatase, the enzyme which is responsible for the growth of endometrial tissue - it may constitute a targeting point in the treatment of endometriosis. So far, no adverse effects of inositol isomers have been reported. Conclusion: The use of inositol, its isomers and derivatives represents an interesting direction in the development of the treatment of many conditions associated with endocrine disorders. There is a need for further investigations and studies on larger groups of patients to exploit its potential.

Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders – a review of the scientific literature

Introduction: Unambiguous definition of mental disorders is difficult, mainly because of          the heterogeneity of this group of diseases and the clarity of the line between pathology and normal. The definition proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) is widely accepted.                   In practice, definitions from the legislation of a country are also important. Aim of the work: The purpose of this study is to discuss the basic issues of diagnosis                    and treatment of mental disorders. Material and method: A method of non-systematic literature review from databases such           as scientific Google Scholar, PubMed, CinalHl, Scopus, Arianta, Web of Science was used. Results and conclusions: In the treatment of mental disorders, I use pharmacological and        non-pharmacological methods. Psychopharmaceuticals are divided into several groups depending on their mechanism of action. Their selection depends mainly on the diagnosed disease entity and tolerance to treatment. The most widely used group of drugs is the group of non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Non-pharmacological methods include psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, deep brain stimulation, and psychosurgery