Occupational Choice of Return Migrants in Moldova

This paper analyses the occupational choice of return migrants. Using the CBSAXA data on different aspects of migration in Moldova, we find that those who stayed illegally in the host country tend to go in wage employment on return to the home country. We also show that relatively better educated tend not be in formal employment, i.e., appear not to participate in the labour market whereas those with relatively lower skills or who obtained worse than expected outcome in the host country are more likely to be wage employed in the home country on return. We discuss intuition of these paradoxical results in the paper.sample selection, return migration, occupational choice, Moldova

Explaining Productivity Differentials in Eastern European Agriculture: Efficiency or Class Structure ?

This paper considers whether it is differences in technical efficiency or differences in factor endowments that explain productivity differentials in Moldovan agriculture. We compute non-parametric measures of technical efficiency for a sample of Moldovan small-holders using the four-step Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach suggested by Fried, Schmidt and Yaisawang (1999). We also consider a model of class structure inspired by the work of Eswaran and Kotwal (1986), and estimate a bivariate probit model that explains a household's labor market participation decisions (and hence class membership) in terms of its factor endowments. These constructs are then used in an effort to understand the determinants of output per hectare in Moldovan agriculture. We find that differences in technical efficiency explain very little of the great heterogeneity in productivity observed in our sample, while class membership is slightly more successful. Our empirical model of class structure suggests that self sufficient households will disappear and be replaced by a class of small capitalist farmers as land and credit markets develop.transaction costs;Technical efficiency;household model;transitional economy;agrarian reform

Explaining Productivity Differentials in Eastern European Agriculture: Efficiency or Class Structure ?

This paper considers whether it is differences in technical efficiency or differences in factor endowments that explain productivity differentials in Moldovan agriculture. We compute non-parametric measures of technical efficiency for a sample of Moldovan small-holders using the four-step Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach suggested by Fried, Schmidt and Yaisawang (1999). We also consider a model of class structure inspired by the work of Eswaran and Kotwal (1986), and estimate a bivariate probit model that explains a household's labor market participation decisions (and hence class membership) in terms of its factor endowments. These constructs are then used in an effort to understand the determinants of output per hectare in Moldovan agriculture. We find that differences in technical efficiency explain very little of the great heterogeneity in productivity observed in our sample, while class membership is slightly more successful. Our empirical model of class structure suggests that self sufficient households will disappear and be replaced by a class of small capitalist farmers as land and credit markets develop.transaction costs, Technical efficiency, household model, transitional economy, agrarian reform

Environnement institutionnel, modes organisationnels et performances productives : Une analyse empirique avec les données des grandes fermes moldaves au début de la transition

L'analyse empirique des relations entre l'environnement institutionnel et les modes organisationnels et leurs influences sur les performances productives reste relativement rare dans la littérature, faute de données. Cet article essaie de développer une méthodologie empirique permettant d'apporter un éclairage sur la nature de ces relations en exploitant les données sur les grandes exploitations agricoles pendant le processus de privatisation des fermes collectives et d'Etat en Moldavie (1991-1997). La première partie consiste alors en une lecture néo-institutionnelle du processus de transformation des modes d'organisation des grandes fermes héritières des anciennes grandes fermes collectives et d'Etat. Cette lecture nous permet d'apporter un certain éclairage sur la nature des relations entre environnement institutionnel et émergence de nouveaux modes d'organisation. La deuxième partie de l'article développe une méthodologie empirique permettant d'analyser l'interaction entre ces nouveaux modes organisationnels et les performances productives des exploitations. On s'appuie sur l'estimation de l'efficience technique des exploitations agricoles en utilisant le modèle de frontière stochastique proposé par Battese et Coelli (1995). Ce modèle permet de tenir compte de l'influence des modes organisationnels sur le processus de production à travers l'endogénéisation à la fois des intrants de production et des formes d'organisation (grâce à l'estimation d'un modèle logistique multinomial emboîté)

Environnement institutionnel, modes organisationnels et performances productives : Une analyse empirique avec les données des grandes fermes moldaves au début de la transition

L’analyse empirique des relations entre l’environnement institutionnel et les modes organisationnels et leurs influences sur les performances productives reste relativement rare dans la littérature, faute de données. Cet article essaie de développer une méthodologie empirique permettant d’apporter un éclairage sur la nature de ces relations en exploitant les données sur les grandes exploitations agricoles pendant le processus de privatisation des fermes collectives et d’Etat en Moldavie (1991-1997). La première partie consiste alors en une lecture néo-institutionnelle du processus de transformation des modes d’organisation des grandes fermes héritières des anciennes grandes fermes collectives et d’Etat. Cette lecture nous permet d’apporter un certain éclairage sur la nature des relations entre environnement institutionnel et émergence de nouveaux modes d’organisation. La deuxième partie de l’article développe une méthodologie empirique permettant d’analyser l’interaction entre ces nouveaux modes organisationnels et les performances productives des exploitations. On s’appuie sur l’estimation de l’efficience technique des exploitations agricoles en utilisant le modèle de frontière stochastique proposé par Battese et Coelli (1995). Ce modèle permet de tenir compte de l’influence des modes organisationnels sur le processus de production à travers l’endogénéisation à la fois des intrants de production et des formes d’organisation (grâce à l’estimation d’un modèle logistique multinomial emboîté).reforme agraire, exploitations agricoles collectives, approche néo-institutionnelle, efficience technique, frontière stochastique, logit multinomial emboîté

Explaining Productivity Differentials in Eastern European Agriculture: Efficiency or Class Structure ?

This paper considers whether it is differences in technical efficiency or differences in factor endowments that explain productivity differentials in Moldovan agriculture. We compute non-parametric measures of technical efficiency for a sample of Moldovan small-holders using the four-step Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach suggested by Fried, Schmidt and Yaisawang (1999). We also consider a model of class structure inspired by the work of Eswaran and Kotwal (1986), and estimate a bivariate probit model that explains a household's labor market participation decisions (and hence class membership) in terms of its factor endowments. These constructs are then used in an effort to understand the determinants of output per hectare in Moldovan agriculture. We find that differences in technical efficiency explain very little of the great heterogeneity in productivity observed in our sample, while class membership is slightly more successful. Our empirical model of class structure suggests that self sufficient households will disappear and be replaced by a class of small capitalist farmers as land and credit markets develop

Should we stay or should we go? Irregular migration and duration of stay: the case of Moldovan migrants

This paper analyses the link between irregular migration and duration of stay. Using household and regional development data from Moldova and running a duration model, we find that duration of migration is longer for illegal migrants than legal migrants. Further investigation demonstrates that this effect is driven by significantly higher migration costs. From a policy perspective, our findings on irregular migration are highly relevant since they question the outcome of restrictive migration policies. This paper, like an increasing number of migration literature papers converging on the same conclusions, contributes further arguments for redefining migration policy.International migration; Duration model; Irregular migration; Moldova

Occupational choice of return migrants in Moldova

This paper analyzes the occupational choice of return migrants. Using the survey data on different aspects of migration in Moldova, we find that those who stayed illegally in the host country tend to go into wage employment on return to the home country. We also show that relatively better educated migrants tend not to be in formal employment (i.e., appear not to participate in the labor market), whereas those with relatively lower skills or who obtained a worse-than-expected outcome in the host country are more likely to be wage employed in the home country on return. We offer an economic analysis of these paradoxical results

Intentions on desired length of stay among immigrants in Italy

Abstract The decision to emigrate from the country of origin may not be a permanent one: migrants can decide to return home or to emigrate to a third country. This phenomenon, established for some time in certain other European countries, has become an important one for Italy only recently. This paper contributes to the knowledge of migrants’ intentions in two ways: on the one hand, it analyses the factors associated with indecision about future plans; on the other, it focuses on the desired length of stay and its relationship with attachments (family, economic, socio-cultural and psychological) to host and home country. We used two logistic regression models: one for migrants’ indecision and the other for migrants’ desired length of stay. The data were collected by survey, coordinated by the ISMU Foundation and conducted in 2008 and 2009 with more than 12,000 migrants living in Italy. According to our results, indecision seems to be associated with an intermediate phase of migration at the early stage of family development in the case of negative balance of the migration experience, while attachment to the host country is associated with longer stay, and no attachments or attachment to the country of origin are associated with shorter stay