Efeitos de diferentes níveis de aveia preta (Avena strigosa) em rações para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação Effects of different level of black oats (Avena strigosa) in diets of swine in growing - finishing periods

Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de aveia preta em rações para suínos, foi realizado no Centro de Treinamento da COTRIJUÍ, Augusto Pestana, RS, um experimento com 40 animais da raça Wessex, com peso médio inicial de 26,5kg, distribuídos num arranjo fatorial de quatro níveis de aveia (0, 15, 30 e 45%) e dois sexos, fêmeas e machos castrados. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições (duas com 2 animais e uma com 1). Água e ração foram fornecidas à vontade. Em ambas as fases, foram avaliados consumo de ração, ganho de peso diário e conversão alimentar. Após o abate, as carcaças foram avaliadas e, dos dados obtidos, calculados o rendimento da carcaça, comprimento da carcaça, espessura média de toicinho, percentagem de pernil, área de olho de lombo e relação came-gordura. Não houve diferença significativa (P > 0,05) entre tratamentos para desempenho e características de carcaça. A interação nível de aveia x sexo, também não foi significativa (P > 0,05). O fator sexo foi estatisticamente significativo (P < 0,05) para consumo e ganho de peso diário, ambos para fase de terminação e total, favorecendo os machos castrados. As fêmeas apresentaram melhor (P < 0,05) percentagem de pernil e a relação came-gordura do que os machos. Os resultados demonstram que a aveia preta pode ser utilizada nas rações para suínos até o nível 45% nas fases de crescimento e terminação, sem comprometer o desempenho e as características de carcaça.<br>The effects of different levels of black oats in diets for swine in growing and finishing period were studied at the Trainning Conter of COTRIJUÍ in Augusto Pestana, RS. The experiment was conducted with 40 animals of Wessex breed, with initial average weight of 26.5kg, distributed in 4 x 2 factorial arrangement (0, 15, 30 and 45% of oats black x 2 sexos). The experimental design used was the completely randomized with 3 repetition. The water and diet were given ad libitum. In both phases, were estimated feed consumption, average daily gain and feed conversion. After the slaughtering, the carcass were classified and calculated the carcass yield, the carcass lenght, the mean backfat thickness, ham percentage, área of the Longissimus dorsi and relation meat-fat. There were no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the treatments for performance and carcass characteristics. In the finishing and total periods, the difference between sex statistically significant (P < 0.05) for the average feed consumption and daily gain, favoring the barrows. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between sex for the mean backfat tickness and relation meat-fat, favoring the female. The results show that black oats could be utilized in the swine diets up to a level of 45% in the growing and finishing periods, without interference in the swine performance and in the carcass characteristics

Meteoroids as One of the Sources for Exosphere Formation on Airless Bodies in the Inner Solar System

AbstractThis manuscript represents a review on progress made over the past decade concerning our understanding of meteoroid bombardment on airless solar system bodies as one of the sources of the formation of their exospheres. Specifically, observations at Mercury by MESSENGER and at the Moon by LADEE, together with progress made in dynamical models of the meteoroid environment in the inner solar system, offer new tools to explore in detail the physical phenomena involved in this complex relationship. This progress is timely given the expected results during the next decade that will be provided by new missions such as DESTINY+, BepiColombo, the Artemis program or the Lunar Gateway

Plasma Sources in Planetary Magnetospheres: Mercury

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Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods: In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results: Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89·6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60·6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0·17, 95 per cent c.i. 0·14 to 0·21, P < 0·001) or low (363 of 860, 42·2 per cent; OR 0·08, 0·07 to 0·10, P < 0·001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -9·4 (95 per cent c.i. -11·9 to -6·9) per cent; P < 0·001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+12·1 (+7·0 to +17·3) per cent; P < 0·001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0·60, 0·50 to 0·73; P < 0·001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion: Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries