Abbiamo davvero bisogno delle leggi? Il punto di vista di Pompeo Trogo

Da dove e perché nasce la necessità di una legislazione? Se per Platone le leggi rappresentano il principio fondatore della convivenza civile, all’opposto si pone Pompeo Trogo, che, invece, presenta la legge come un artificio umano che si rende necessario quando l'ingenium originario sia stato corrotto dal progressivo raffinarsi dei costumi. Inoltre, una volta iniziato il processo di allontanamento dalla condizione naturale, presentata come libera e virtuosa, solo l’intervento di una figura illuminata che attraverso il suo esempio ritrasformi il nomos in mos può rallentare il processo di decadimento che determina la translatio imperii. In questo senso, Trogo, spesso ritenuto mosso da spirito antiromano, mostra invece importanti punti di contatto con la propaganda augustea.¿De dónde y por qué nace la necesidad de una legislación? Si, según Platón, las leyes representan el principio fundacional de la convivencia civil, en cambio Pompeyo Trogo presenta la ley como un artificio humano, necesario cuando el ingenium originario ha sido corrompido por el progresivo refinamiento de las costumbres. Además, una vez empezado el camino de alejamiento de la condición natural, que es libre y virtuosa, sólo la intervención de una figura ilustrada, capaz con su ejemplo de transformar una vez más el nomos en mos, puede parar el proceso de decadencia que origina la translatio imperii. En este sentido Pompeyo Trogo, que a menudo se ha considerado como un autor anti-romano, comparte muchos elementos con la propaganda del emperador Augusto

Different systems, same inequalities? Post-compulsory education and young adults’ literacy in 18 OECD countries

Education is increasingly seen as a substitute for social policy, but opportunities for skill development vary by social background and educational institutions are not neutral in this respect. While previous research has extensively examined how schooling affects skills distribution, the role of post-compulsory education has been long overlooked. Using data from the 2011/2012 Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competences, this article investigates how selected features of upper secondary and tertiary education are connected to the social stratification of young adults’ literacy skills in 18 OECD countries. First, I use individual-level regressions to assess the extent to which disparities in the skills of 24- to 29-year-old individuals are explained by parental education in each country. Second, I apply fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis across countries to investigate under which institutional conditions the social stratification of young adults’ literacy skills is most severe. The findings point to the existence of functionally equivalent education regimes: young adults face severe disparities not only in socially selective higher education systems but also in relatively open systems characterized by institutional differentiation; moreover, disparities arising during compulsory schooling are consequential for the skill distribution of young adults, underscoring the importance of a life-course approach to education policies

Search for pair production of Higgs Bosons decaying to four bottom quarks with data collected by the ATLAS detector

Using the full Run-2 data recorded by the ATLAS detector, a search for the elusive Higgs pair production decaying into four bottom quarks, HH → bbbb, is presented in this thesis. The full Run-2 dataset corresponds to 126 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The theoretical motivations for this search, which are summarized in this thesis, are clear as the search can probe the structure of the Higgs potential and Beyond the Standard Model physics. To reconstruct the HH → bbbb events a combination of multi-b-jet triggers are used. Events are then selected if they contain at least four small radius jets that have passed the b-tagging selection. These jets are paired to reconstruct the Higgs candidates. As Monte Carlo simulations cannot reliably reproduce the bbb¯b final state, a data-driven approach is taken to produce the background estimate. This makes use of a neural network to predict the background in the signal region. The data-driven approach is validated by the use of several orthogonal control samples. The search is used to set exclusion limits at a 95 % confidence level for heavy resonances and non-resonant gluon-gluon fusion HH production. Two benchmark signals consisting of a spin-0 narrow width scalar and a spin-2 graviton were used for the resonant search. The upper limit on the cross-section of the non-resonant Standard Model HH production via gluon-gluon fusion was observed to be 5.1 times the Standard Model prediction. The trilinear Higgs self-coupling was constrained to the range of [-6.0, 15.0] times the Standard Model prediction. The improvements made to the bbb¯b channel have made the search competitive with the other final states. These optimizations will be useful to maximize the potential of the HL-LHC program

Who is really 'left behind'? Half a century of gender differences in the school-to-work transitions of low-educated youth

At a time of growing expectations about educational attainment, young people who did not complete upper-secondary schooling can easily be ‘left behind’ to face risks of social exclusion. Being able to make a rapid and successful transition into a first significant job is crucial for long-term labor-market attachment. We approach the question of continuity or change in school-to-work transitions by comparing the experiences of four birth cohorts of early school leavers in Italy, where they still constitute a sizeable group as of today. Italy makes for an interesting case study due to the length of school-to-work transitions and the extent of gender differences in this phase. In an era of educational expansion and increased female activation, studying changes in low-educated women’s labor-market access brings into focus the question of who is really left behind. Using data from the 2009 ‘Multi-purpose Survey on Household and Social Subjects,’ we use discrete time logistic regression models to estimate the probability of transitioning to the first significant job for early school leavers born between 1954 and 1993. We find that gender differences are strikingly persistent across birth cohorts, even after controlling for sociodemographic variables as well as for time-varying fertility and partnership histories

A preliminary study for the production of high specific activity radionuclides for nuclear medicine obtained with the isotope separation on line technique

Radiopharmaceuticals represent a fundamental tool for nuclear medicine procedures, both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The present work aims to explore the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique for the production of carrier-free radionuclides for nuclear medicine at SPES, a nuclear physics facility under construction at INFN-LNL. Stable ion beams of strontium, yttrium and iodine were produced using the SPES test bench (Front-End) to simulate the production of 89Sr, 90Y, 125I and 131I and collected with good efficiency on suitable targets

Existence of ground states for a one-dimensional relativistic schrödinger equation

Relativistic Schrödinger equation with a nonlinear potential interaction describes the dynamics of a particle, with rest mass m, travelling to a significant fraction |v| < 1 of the light speed c = 1. At first, we deal with the local and global existence of solutions of the flux, and in the second term, and according to the relativistic nature of the problem, we look for boosted solitons as ψ(x, t) = eiμtφv(x - vt), where the profile φ v ∈ H 1/2 (R{double-struck}) is a minimizer of a suitable variational problem. Our proof uses a concentration-compactness-type argument. Stability results for the boosted solitons are established.Fil: Borgna, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto de Ciencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rial, Diego Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; Argentin