Inovação e gestão tecnológica em organizações de P&D: um modelo integrador.

Modelos são representações da realidade que têm se revelado úteis para o avanço do conhecimento em inúmeras áreas. Este artigo busca apresentar um modelo de inovação tecnológica em que esse fenômeno seja concebido como sendo: a) sistêmico; b) multinível; c) organizacional, d) multideterminado; e) passível de mensuração; f) de intervenção. A literatura sobre modelos de inovação apresenta propostas em que dois elementos estão sempre presentes: a) o processo de P&D, em suas diversas etapas; b) determinantes dessas etapas, ou fatores originados nos contextos macro, meso ou micro do processo de inovação. A literatura sobre gestão tecnológica apresenta modelos de gestão, enfatizando variáveis relativas à gestão de portfólio e gestão de pesquisa em rede, como as mais relevantes para os modelos de gestão de última geração. A proposta apresentada neste trabalho integra essas duas literaturas, procurando enfatizar a relevância de variáveis de gestão tecnológica como determinantes importantes, ao longo do processo de inovação tecnológica. O artigo conclui com uma discussão de áreas beneficiadas com a utilização do modelo

Punica granatum L. protects mice against hexavalent chromium-induced genotoxicity

This study investigated the chemoprotective effects of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) fruits alcoholic extract (PGE) on mice exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. Animals were pretreated with PGE (25, 50 or 75 mg/kg/day) for 10 days and subsequently exposed to a sub-lethal dose of Cr(VI) (30 mg/kg). The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow was investigated and the Cr(VI) levels were measured in the kidneys, liver and plasm. For the survival analysis, mice were previously treated with PGE for 10 days and exposed to a single lethal dose of Cr(VI) (50 mg/kg). Exposure to a sub-lethal dose of Cr(VI) induced a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells. However, the prophylactic treatment with PGE led to a reduction of 44.5% (25 mg/kg), 86.3% (50 mg/kg) and 64.2% (75 mg/kg) in the incidence of micronuclei. In addition, the 50 mg/kg dose of PGE produced a higher chemoprotective effect, since the survival rate was 90%, when compared to that of the non-treated group. In these animals, reduced amounts of chromium were detected in the biological materials, in comparison with the other groups. Taken together, the results demonstrated that PGE exerts a protective effect against Cr(VI)-induced genotoxicity

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Avaliação de impacto de treinamento na area de reabilitação: preditores individuais e situacionais.

Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar os efeitos de treinamentos sobre o desempenho de profissionais das áreas médica e paramédica, bem como investigar as relações entre as variáveis antecedentes, agrupadas em cinco categorias (características individuais, conduta de entrada, treinamento, aprendizagem e suporte à transferência), e a variável-critério impacto de treinamento. A amostra foi composta por 263 profissionais e 82 supervisores, de nível superior, de uma instituição hospitalar da área de reabilitação do aparelho locomotor, os quais haviam participado de cursos realizados em 1996 e 1997. Foram analisados os dados de 76 programas de treinamento de curta e média durações. Evidenciou-se o impacto dos cursos sobre o desempenho de 73% dos profissionais treinados, considerando-se o conjunto de 12 indicadores utilizados. Para investigar as relações entre as variáveis antecedentes e a variável-critério impacto de treinamento, foram realizadas análises de regressão múltipla. Os resultados apontaram os condicionantes psicossociais desempenhando papel central na predição da transferência de aprendizagem e sugerem que a efetividade do treinamento poderá ser alcançada por meio do desenvolvimento de ações que assegurem a qualidade do planejamento instrucional e do delineamento do contexto pós-treinamento.Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-31T18:06:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Avaliacaodeimpactodetreinamento.pdf: 492596 bytes, checksum: 50f97f0c497a3b6de746f56c6a2ba1b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001bitstream/item/204012/1/Avaliacao-de-impacto-de-treinamento.pd