Estudo comparativo entre o processo de criação de empresas tecnológicas e o de empresas tradicionais

Este artigo tem como objetivo comparar o processo de criação de empresas tecnológicas com o as tradicionais e identificar as particularidades do processo percorrido pelo primeiro grupo. Um modelo dividindo o processo de criação em quatro etapas (iniciação, preparação, lançamento e consolidação) foi concebido e usado como quadro de análise. Dois questionários foram respondidos pelos empreendedores de 192 novas empresas, sendo 77 de empresas tecnológicas e 115 de empresas tradicionais. Os resultados da comparação entre os dois grupos indicam que o processo de criação de empresas tecnológicas apresenta certas particularidades, mais especificamente que: (i) o acesso a recursos financeiros assim como a gestão financeira constituem uma grande dificuldade para os empreendedores tecnológicos; (ii) os empreendedores tecnológicos precisam desenvolver suas competências em gestão e em comercialização; (iii) o processo de criação de empresas tecnológicas é mais longo e mais difícil que o das empresas tradicionais; (iv) a análise do mercado representa um desafio para os empreendedores tecnológicos; (v) existe uma diferença significativa entre o processo de criação dos diferentes grupos de empresas tecnológicas, essas diferenças precisam ser consideradas na estruturação de pesquisas futuras e também no planejamento de serviços de apoio aos futuros empreendedores.This article aims to compare the process of setting up technological companies with traditional ones and to identify the features of the process used by the first group. A model dividing the creation process into four stages (initiation, preparation, launch and consolidation) was designed and used as a framework for analysis. Two questionnaires were completed by 192 entrepreneurs of new companies, with 77 technological companies and 115 traditional ones represented. The results of the comparison between the two groups indicate that the process of creation from technology companies has certain peculiarities, more specifically that: (i) the access to financial resources as well as financial management constitute a big challenge to technological entrepreneurs, (ii) technological entrepreneurs need to develop their competences in management and commercialization, (iii) the process of creation of technological companies is longer and harder than that of traditional ones, (iv)market analysis represents a challenge for technological entrepreneurs; (v) there is a significant difference between the process of creation of the different groups of technological companies. These differences need to be considered when planning future research and subsidizing future entrepreneurs

Uma história de conceitos na saúde pública: integralidade, coordenação, descentralização, regionalização e universalidade A history of public health concepts: integrity, coordination, decentralization, regionalization, and universality

O Sistema Único de Saúde conferiu visibilidade a uma série de conceitos próprios da organização de sistemas de saúde. Entre eles a integralidade, que delimita fronteiras comuns com quase todos os demais princípios do Sistema, tem sido objeto de ampla literatura no Brasil. Com base em extensa revisão de fontes primárias e secundárias, este artigo apresenta uma recuperação histórica dos conceitos de integralidade, descentralização, regionalização e universalidade - ideias e conceitos que em grande parte se conformam e se interligam no ideário da organização dos serviços sanitários pelo modelo dos Centros de Saúde distritais.<br>Brazil's Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde) has highlighted a series of concepts specific to the organization of healthcare systems. Among these, integrity - which shares boundaries with almost all other System principles - has been the object of much academic production in Brazil. Based on an extensive review of primary and secondary sources, the article offers a historical recovery of the concepts of integrity, decentralization, regionalization, and universality - ideas and concepts that in good measure are shaped by and interlinked with the set of ideals of the organization of sanitary services according to the district health centers model

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data