Identificação de neomacho de Jundiá Rhamdia quelen (Quoy e Gaimard, 1824) através do teste de progênie

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Curso de Engenharia de Aquicultura.O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar neomachos de Rhamdia quelen através de teste de progênie. Esse é um método indireto para a produção de lotes monosexo, que evita a aplicação de hormônio nos peixes destinados ao consumo humano, uma vez que o esperado no cruzamento entre neomachos e fêmeas normais são proles 100% femininas. Para os testes de progênie, machos fenotípicos cultivados por oito meses foram selecionados de um lote submetido à masculinização por ingestão de 17α-metil-testosterona (MT) incorporado na ração na dose de 60mg/kg. Cinco machos foram cruzados com um “pool” de ovos de três fêmeas normais e as proles resultantes de cada cruzamento foram cultivadas por 150 dias para que a sexagem das gônadas pudesse ser realizada através da técnica do imprint. O teste do qui-quadrado evidenciou que um macho originou prole com maior proporção sexual de fêmeas (P<0,05), sendo 75,56%. Apesar de não serem proles 100% femininas, existe um forte indício de que este macho seja neomacho, porque a proporção sexual das demais proles apresentou maior presença de machos ou foi balanceada (1:1)

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Cultivo integrado de Litopenaeus vannamei e Mugil liza em sistema de cultivo com bioflocos na fase de berçario

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Florianópolis, 2019.O experimento foi composto por quatro tratamentos: monocultivo do camarão (MC), integração camarão e tainha, convivendo no mesmo tanque (ICT), integração camarão e tainha, em tanques separados (ICTS) e monocultivo de tainha (MT), e foi conduzido durante 41 dias. As unidades experimentais consistiram em um tanque matriz (caixa d água circular com volume útil de 800 L), funcionando em recirculação com um tanque adicional (volume útil de 90 L). O tanque matriz foi povoado com 2000 camarões com peso médio de 0,18 ± 0,02 g. A tainha (peso médio inicial de 0,95 ± 0,03 g) foi povoada com uma densidade inicial correspondente a 10 % da biomassa inicial de camarão, ao final da primeira semana. Os camarões foram alimentados quatro vezes ao dia (08h30min, 11h30min, 14h, 17h), com ração comercial (40 % de proteína bruta), e semanalmente foram realizadas biometrias para ajustar a quantidade de ração. Não foi oferecida dieta específica para as tainhas em ICT e ICTS. Em MT, as tainhas foram alimentadas com ração comercial para peixes (40 % de proteína bruta), com 2,5 % da biomassa. Os parâmetros de qualidade de água apresentaram diferenças na maioria das variáveis (T° C, OD, pH, salinidade, alcalinidade, nitrito e nitrato), principalmente relacionadas ao tratamento MT. A amônia total permaneceu semelhante entre os tratamentos (0,75 ± 0,04 mg L-1). Ao final do experimento, não foi verificada diferença entre o peso médio final do camarão (1,43 ± 0,05 g), sobrevivência (97 ± 1,5 %), conversão alimentar aparente (1,5 ± 0,05) e taxa de crescimento específico (5,05 ± 0,09 % dia-1). Para as tainhas, obteve-se diferença significativa para ganho em peso, taxa de crescimento específico e biomassa final. Apenas a sobrevivência foi semelhante entre os tratamentos. O índice hepatossomático (IHS) apresentou diferença entre os tratamentos ICT e ICTS. A concentração de sólidos suspensos totais, sólidos sedimentáveis, geração de lodo e lodo: biomassa foram diferentes entre os tratamentos. Além disso, nos tratamentos com tainha (ICT, ICTS e MT) a presença de bactérias do gênero Vibrio foi significativamente menor. Os resultados demonstram maior produtividade de camarão em monocultivo. A presença das tainhas prejudicou o desempenho zootécnico do camarão, porém houve redução significativa dos sólidos nos cultivos integrados, evidenciando o consumo do biofloco pela tainha. Não há necessidade de realizar a integração das espécies em tanques separados. Além disso, a presença das tainhas reduziu a quantidade de Vibrio no cultivo; e as tainhas em ICTS obtiveram crescimento apenas com biofloco na dieta, embora reduzido em comparação a ICT e MT.Abstract : The experiment was composed by four treatments: shrimp monoculture (SM), shrimp and mullet integrated into the same tank (SMI), shrimp and mullet integrated with separated tanks (SMIS), and mullet monoculture (MM). This work was conducted for 41 days. A matrix tank (800 L) recirculating with an additional tank (90 L) composed the experimental units. The matrix tank was stocked with 2000 shrimp (initial mean weight = 0.18 ± 0.02 g). Mullet (initial mean weight = 0.95 ± 0.03 g) was stocked with 10% of initial shrimp biomass, at the end of the first week. The shrimp was feed four times a day (35% crude protein), according to the feed table, and was not offered specific diet to mullet in SMI and SMIS. In MM, the fish was feed (40 % crude protein) with 2.5 % of fish biomass. Water quality parameters were evaluated and present significant differences in pH, salinity, alkalinity, nitrite and nitrate concentration, mainly related to MM treatment. Total ammonia was statistical similar (p ? 0.05) between treatments (0.75 ± 0.04 mg L-1). At the end of the experiment, final shrimp mean weight (1.43 ± 0.05 g), survival (97 ± 1.5 %), apparent feed conversion rate (1.5 ± 0.05), and specific growth rate (5.05 ± 0.09 % day -1) was similar between treatments. For the mullet, weight gain, specific growth rate, and final biomass shows statistical difference (p ? 0.05) between treatments. The final total biomass (shrimp plus mullet) was similar between SM, SMI and SMIS, and lower in MM. The hepatosomatic index presents significant difference between SMI and SMIS, and both was similar to other treatments. The condition factor was similar at the beginning and end of the experiment. The total suspended solids, settleable solids, sludge production and sludge: biomass were different (p ? 0.05) between treatments. In addition, the Vibrio concentration was statistical lower (p ? 0.05) on treatments with mullet. The results showed a higher yield of shrimp on traditional monoculture. The mullet significantly reduce the zootechnical performance of white shrimp; however, there was a significant reduction on solids by M. liza, demonstrating biofloc consumption by this fish. There is no need to use an additional tank to integrate both species. Furthermore, the mullet can significantly reduce the Vibrio concentration on culture, and growth only with biofloc on diet (SMIS), although reduced when compared with SMI and MM

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt