Masserepræsentation

Stefan Jonsson, Crowds and Democracy: The Idea and Image of the Masses from Revolution to Fascism. New York & London: Columbia University Press, 2013, 321 side

Massen: På sporet af en glemt sociologisk figur

The Crowd: In Search of a Lost Sociological Idea This article attempts to revitalize the idea of the crowd. The crowd was an important sociological idea in early sociology, but became marginal in post-war sociological thought. The article examines the idea of the crowd from two perspectives and argues that it is relevant for current social theory. First, it discusses the field of economic sociology. Specifically, I demonstrate how crowd psychology has informed speculation theory historically and how the crucial notion in crowd semantics, suggestion, may improve our understanding of economic behaviour in general. Second, the article discusses the crowd as a collection of bodies. I suggest, for example, that the sexual energies of crowds may create an important social bond. So rather than representing a threat to society (as classical crowd semantics would have it), the crowd may make a positive contribution to the social order

Kriminalitet og kriminelle - brudstykker af en genealogi

Christian Borch: Crime and criminals – fragments of a genealogy Government rationalities as regards crime and criminals have changed during the past 30 years. This change is related to a transformation from a welfare state rationality to an advanced liberal mode of government. In order to understand the impact of this development, the article outlines a genealogy of thinking about crime and the practices of crime control. This historical analysis shows how thinking about crime has been centered around the distinction between the criminal act and the criminal individual, and identifies four significant breaks. The first is the identification of the criminal act by Beccaria in the 18th century. The second is the invention of the criminal individual by Lombroso in the late 19th century. Third is the modification of the Lombrosian project due to the development of welfare state institutions in the first 70 years of the 20th century, in which rehabilitation of the criminal offender is the center of attention. The fourth stage is the parallel development of advanced liberal practices of crime control and theories of crime prevention on the one hand and the reappearance of a Lombrosian-like risk perspective towards certain criminals on the other

Point of care technology or standard laboratory service in an emergency department: is there a difference in time to action? A randomised trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Emergency Departments (ED) have a high flow of patients and time is often crucial. New technologies for laboratory analysis have been developed, including Point of Care Technologies (POCT), which can reduce the transport time and time of analysis significantly compared with central laboratory services. However, the question is if the time to clinical action is also reduced if a decisive laboratory answer is available during the first contact between the patient and doctor. The present study addresses this question: Does a laboratory answer, provided by POCT to the doctor who first attends the patient on admission, change the time to clinical decision in commonly occurring diseases in an ED compared with the traditional service from a central laboratory?</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a randomised clinical trial with parallel design and allocation ratio 1:1. The eligibility Criteria were: All patients referred from General Practitioner or another referring doctor suspected for a deep venous thrombosis (DVT), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), acute appendicitis (AA) or acute infection (ABI). The outcome measure was the time spend from the blood sample was taken to a clinical decision was made.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The study period took place in October--November 2009 and from February to April 2010. 239 patients were eligible for the study. There was no difference between the groups suspected for DVT, ACS and AA, but a significant reduction in time for the ABI group (p:0.009), where the median time to decision was reduced from 7 hours and 33 minutes to 4 hours and 38 minutes when POCT was used. Only in the confirmation of ABI the time to action was significantly shorter.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Fast laboratory answers by POCT in an ED reduce the time to clinical decision significantly for bacterial infections. We suggest further studies which include a sufficient number of patients on deep venous thrombosis, acute appendicitis and acute coronary syndrome.</p

Arkitektur og politik: Atmosfæriske refleksioner ud fra Böhme og Sloterdijk

The notion of atmosphere occupies an increasingly central role in present-day discussions of design, affect, architecture and sensory environments. It is mobilized in particular to emphasize and shed light on a pre-subjective, embodied apprehension of spatially discharged moods. This article especially focuses on how the notion of atmosphere offers new ways of understanding the relations between architecture and politics. Specifically, we explore such relations via the philosophical reflections on atmosphere as found in Gernot Böhme’s and Peter Sloterdijk’s work. We suggest that, in spite of significant difference between Böhme and Sloterdijk, they each offers important insights into how architecture and politics are entangled. After a brief outline of each of their general atmospheric projects, we demonstrate the different critical potential their analyses of architecture and the politics of space entail

The merger rate of massive galaxies

We calculate the projected two point correlation function for samples of luminous and massive galaxies in the COMBO-17 photometric redshift survey, focusing particularly on the amplitude of the correlation function at small projected radii and exploring the constraints such measurements can place on the galaxy merger rate. For nearly volume-limited samples with 0.4<z<0.8, we find that 4+/-1% of luminous M_B<-20 galaxies are in close physical pairs (with real space separation of <30 proper kpc). The corresponding fraction for massive galaxies with M_*>2.5e10 M_sun is 5+/-1%. Incorporating close pair fractions from the literature, the 2dFGRS and the SDSS, we find a fairly rapid evolution of the merger fraction of massive galaxies between z=0.8 and the present day. Assuming that the major merger timescale is of order the dynamical timescale for close massive galaxy pairs, we tentatively infer that ~50% (70%) of all galaxies with present-day masses M_*>5e10 M_sun (remnants of mergers between galaxies with M_*>2.5e10 M_sun) have undergone a major merger since z=0.8(1): major mergers between massive galaxies are a significant driver of galaxy evolution over the last eight billion years.Comment: ApJ, in press. 8 pages, 3 figures. Expanded discussion section with explicit discussion of merger fraction vs. close pair fraction. Change of typical close pair timescale results in increased inferred merger rat

The stellar masses of 25000 galaxies at 0.2<z<1.0 estimated by the COMBO-17 survey

We present an analysis of stellar mass estimates for a sample of 25000 galaxies from the COMBO-17 survey over the interval 0.2<z<1.0. We have developed, implemented, and tested a new method of estimating stellar mass-to-light ratios, which relies on redshift and spectral energy distribution (SED) classification from 5 broadband and 12 medium band filters. We find that the majority (>60%) of massive galaxies with M_* > 10^{11} solar masses at all z<1 are non-star-forming; blue star-forming galaxies dominate at lower masses. We have used these mass estimates to explore the evolution of the stellar mass function since z=1. We find that the total stellar mass density of the universe has roughly doubled since z~1. Our measurements are consistent with other measurements of the growth of stellar mass with cosmic time and with estimates of the time evolution of the cosmic star formation rate. Intriguingly, the integrated stellar mass of blue galaxies with young stars has not significantly changed since z~1, even though these galaxies host the majority of the star formation: instead, the growth of the total stellar mass density is dominated by the growth of the total mass in the largely passive galaxies on the red sequence.Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics in press. 15 pages, 12 figure

Star Formation and the Growth of Stellar Mass

Recent observations have demonstrated a significant growth in the integrated stellar mass of the red sequence since z=1, dominated by a steadily increasing number of galaxies with stellar masses M* < 10^11 M_sun. In this paper, we use the COMBO-17 photometric redshift survey in conjunction with deep Spitzer 24 micron data to explore the relationship between star formation and the growth of stellar mass. We calculate `star formation rate functions' in four different redshift slices, splitting also into contributions from the red sequence and blue cloud for the first time. We find that the growth of stellar mass since z=1 is consistent with the integrated star formation rate. Yet, most of the stars formed are in blue cloud galaxies. If the stellar mass already in, and formed in, z<1 blue cloud galaxies were to stay in the blue cloud the total stellar mass in blue galaxies would be dramatically overproduced. We explore the expected evolution of stellar mass functions, finding that in this picture the number of massive M* > 3x10^10 M_sun blue galaxies would also be overproduced; i.e., most of the new stars formed in blue cloud galaxies are in the massive galaxies. We explore a simple truncation scenario in which these `extra' blue galaxies have their star formation suppressed by an unspecified mechanism or mechanisms; simple cessation of star formation in these extra blue galaxies is approximately sufficient to build up the red sequence at M*<10^11 M_sun.Comment: 9 Pages; ApJ in pres

GEMS: Galaxy Evolution from Morphologies and SEDs

GEMS, Galaxy Evolution from Morphologies and SEDs, is a large-area (800 arcmin2) two-color (F606W and F850LP) imaging survey with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on HST. Centered on the Chandra Deep Field South, it covers an area of ~28'x28', or about 120 Hubble Deep Field areas, to a depth of m_AB(F606W)=28.3 (5sigma and m_AB(F850LP)=27.1 (5sigma) for compact sources. In its central ~1/4, GEMS incorporates ACS imaging from the GOODS project. Focusing on the redshift range 0.2<=z<=1.1, GEMS provides morphologies and structural parameters for nearly 10,000 galaxies where redshift estimates, luminosities and SEDs exist from COMBO-17. At the same time, GEMS contains detectable host galaxy images for several hundred faint AGN. This paper provides an overview of the science goals, the experiment design, the data reduction and the science analysis plan for GEMS.Comment: 24 pages, TeX with 6 eps Figures; to appear in ApJ Supplement. Low resolution figures only. Full resolution at http://zwicky.as.arizona.edu/~rix/Misc/GEMS.ps.g