ANALISA BANGUNAN BERTINGKAT DENGAN KOLAM RENANG AKIBAT GEMPA

Membangun gedung vertikal seperti apartement dengan fasilitas kolam renang merupakan cara untuk menarik perhatian masyarakat. Namun bangunan yang dilengkapi dengan kolam renang memiliki massa yang sangat besar sehingga harus direncanakan mampu menahan gaya vertikal maupun gaya lateral yang diakibatkan oleh beban sendiri struktur maupun beban gempa.Struktur bangunan yang dimodelkan berupa gedung setinggi 10 tingkat dengan tinggi 42 m. Pemodelan yang diteliti yaitu bangunan tanpa kolam renang dan bangunan dengan kolam renang. Untuk letak kolam renang berada di lantai teratas gedung dengan dimensi kolam 24 m x 12 m dan kedalaman 2 m dengan posisi kolam berada di tepi bangunan. Untuk analisis gempa menggunakan analisis dinamik spektrum respons ragam. Untuk mempermudah pemodelan dan analisis gempa maka digunakan program SAP2000. Hasil output dari penelitian ini berupa displacement dan simpangan antar tingkat kedua bangunan.Dari hasil penelitian didapat bahwa dengan adanya penambahan kolam renang, maka respons struktur yang diberikan bangunan tersebut semakin besar Terjadi kenaikan yang sangat drastis untuk displacement dan simpangan antar tingkat dan pada bangunan dengan kolam renang mengalami efek torsional. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh massa air yang ada di dalam kolam yang sangat besar dan juga tekanan air yang menekan ke dinding kolam. Kata Kunci: Kolam Renang, Beban Air, Displacement, Spektrum Respons Raga

Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Berbantuan Modul Program Krpl untuk Mengembangkan Sikap Peduli Lingkungan dan Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa SD Islam Moh. Hatta Malang

The results of observations in November 2015 in SD Islam Moh. Hatta Malang shows that activities related to science learning done using more discussion. This thing makes science learning activities becomes less meaningful. One solution that can be done is to provide differentiated learning. Learning that used is the project-based learning (PjBL) assisted module of KRPL program. Some aspects that can be measured during PjBL learning activities is the science process skills and attitude of care for the environment. The average yield environmental gains caring attitude of students before and after PjBL are respectively 85.20 % and 95.04 %. The average yield of the acquisition of science process skills percentage of students respectively were 71.75 %, 74.32 % and 81.96 %.Hasil observasi pada bulan November 2015 di SD Islam Moh. Hatta Malang menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan belajar terkait IPA lebih banyak dilakukan dengan menggunakan kegiatan diskusi. Hal ini membuat kegiatan pembelajaran menjadi kurang bermakna. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan pembelajaran yang berbeda. Pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah pembelajaran berbasis proyek (PjBL) berbantuan modul program KRPL. Beberapa aspek yang dapat diukur selama kegiatan pembelajaran PjBL adalah keterampilan proses sains dan sikap peduli lingkungan. Hasil rata-rata perolehan sikap peduli lingkungan siswa sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran berturut-turut adalah 85,20%, dan 95,04%. Hasil rata-rata perolehan persentase keterampilan proses sains siswa berturut-turut adalah 71,75%, 74,32% dan 81,96%

Altered Prostasin (CAP1/Prss8) Expression Favors Inflammation and Tissue Remodeling in DSS-induced Colitis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are diseases with impaired epithelial barrier function. We aimed to investigate whether mutated prostasin and thus, reduced colonic epithelial sodium channel activity predisposes to develop an experimentally dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Wildtype, heterozygous (fr/+), and homozygous (fr/fr) prostasin-mutant rats were treated 7 days with DSS followed by 7 days of recovery and analyzed with respect to histology, clinicopathological parameters, inflammatory marker mRNA transcript expression, and sodium transporter protein expression. In this study, a more detailed analysis on rat fr/fr colons revealed reduced numbers of crypt and goblet cells, and local angiodysplasia, as compared with heterozygous (fr/+) and wildtype littermates. Following 2% DSS treatment for 7 days followed by 7 days recovery, fr/fr animals lost body weight, and reached maximal diarrhea score and highest disease activity after only 3 days, and strongly increased cytokine levels. The histology score significantly increased in all groups, but fr/fr colons further displayed pronounced histological alterations with near absence of goblet cells, rearrangement of the lamina propria, and presence of neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. Additionally, fr/fr colons showed ulcerations and edemas that were absent in fr/+ and wildtype littermates. Following recovery, fr/fr rats reached, although significantly delayed, near-normal diarrhea score and disease activity, but exhibited severe architectural remodeling, despite unchanged sodium transporter protein expression. In summary, our results demonstrate a protective role of colonic prostasin expression against experimental colitis, and thus represent a susceptibility gene in the development of inflammatory bowel disease

Early postoperative outcomes of dunking pancreatojejunostomy

Background: There is no gold standard method for pancreatico-enteric reconstruction.  In our department, dunking pancreatojejunostomy (DPJ) and Duct to mucosa PJ technique are done as per surgeon’s choice.  In this study, authors evaluate the early postoperative outcomes following DPJ based on ISGPS (2007).Methods: A Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from January 2008 to December 2015. Detailed information on these patients was maintained on a prospectively held computerized database. Routine drain amylase estimations are being done on POD 3and 5 for all patients undergoing pancreatic resections and on all subsequent days if output is suggestive of pancreatic fistula. Details of patients who have undergone pancreatic resection with duct to mucosa type of pancreato-intestinal anastomosis during the same period (64 patients) were also collected prospectively and analysed. DPJ and Duct to mucosa groups were not comparable with respect to age, duct size, pancreatic gland texture and co-morbidities. Hence direct comparison between the two groups has not been carried out.Results: A total of 75 of 139 pancreatic resections with pancreatointestinal anastomosis who had dunking PJ and fulfilled the study criteria were analysed; none were excluded for analysing early outcomes. 19 out of 75 (25.5%) developed grade ‘A’ POPF, five out of 75 (6.6%) developed Grade ‘B’ POPF and three out of 75 (3.3%) developed Grade ‘C’ POPF. 20 out of 75 (26.6%) had grade ‘A’ DGE, five out of 75 (6.6%) had grade ‘B’ DGE. PPH occurred in four out of 75 (5.3%), two out of four were early PPH, one was managed by coiling and other by re-laparotomy, two were late PPH both managed by coiling of the pseudo aneurysms. There was no 30-day mortality.Conclusions: Dunking (Invagiantion) pancreatojejunostomy has accepatable early outcomes with clinically significant/relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula rates of Grade B (6.6%) and Grade C (4%), delayed gastric emptying (33.2%) and post pancreatic hemorrhage (5.3%) rates. The outcomes are comparable with Duct-to-mucosa PJ mentioned in literature

SLC2A9 (GLUT9) mediates urate reabsorption in the mouse kidney.

Uric acid (UA) is a metabolite of purine degradation and is involved in gout flairs and kidney stones formation. GLUT9 (SLC2A9) was previously shown to be a urate transporter in vitro. In vivo, humans carrying GLUT9 loss-of-function mutations have familial renal hypouricemia type 2, a condition characterized by hypouricemia, UA renal wasting associated with kidney stones, and an increased propensity to acute renal failure during strenuous exercise. Mice carrying a deletion of GLUT9 in the whole body are hyperuricemic and display a severe nephropathy due to intratubular uric acid precipitation. However, the precise role of GLUT9 in the kidney remains poorly characterized. We developed a mouse model in which GLUT9 was deleted specifically along the whole nephron in a tetracycline-inducible manner (subsequently called kidney-inducible KO or kiKO). The urate/creatinine ratio was increased as early as 4 days after induction of the KO and no GLUT9 protein was visible on kidney extracts. kiKO mice are morphologically identical to their wild-type littermates and had no spontaneous kidney stones. Twenty-four-hour urine collection revealed a major increase of urate urinary excretion rate and of the fractional excretion of urate, with no difference in urate concentration in the plasma. Polyuria was observed, but kiKO mice were still able to concentrate urine after water restriction. KiKO mice displayed lower blood pressure accompanied by an increased heart rate. Overall, these results indicate that GLUT9 is a crucial player in renal handling of urate in vivo and a putative target for uricosuric drugs

PENGUJIAN TEKAN DAN TARIK BELAH BETON DENGAN AGREGAT DARI KEPULAUAN ARU

Beton merupakan material konstruksi yang umum digunakan dalam pembangunan infrastruktur. Campuran beton pada umumnya adalah air, semen, agregat halus (pasir), dan agregat kasar (kerikil), dan atau bahan tambahan lainnya. Campuran beton biasanya akan ditakar sesuai tuntutan struktur yang akan dibangun dan dihitung berdasarkan data karakteristik material yang telah diperiksa. Di Kepulauan Aru material pendukung beton yaitu agregat kasar dan halus ditambang dari laut dan karakteristik agregat serta mutu beton yang dihasilkan materialnya belum pernah diperiksa dan diuji. Untuk itu perlu melakukan penelitian ini guna memberikan masukan, bahan acuan dan informasi kepada pemerintah dan masyarakat Kepulauan Aru. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh nilai pengujian kuat tekan  dan kuat tarik belah dengan kuat tekan rencana 20 MPa, 25 MPa, dan 30 MPa yang hasilnya masing-masing adalah 23,07 MPa, 29,13 MPa, dan 37,31 MPa. Sedangkan untuk nilai kuat tarik belah diperoleh 10 % - 12 % dari nilai kuat tekan. Perhitungan proporsi campuran beracuan pada ACI 211.1-91 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete (American Concrete Institute) yang telah di modifikasi laboratorium, hasil kuat tekan yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa proporsi dengan rencana kuat tekan 20 MPa, 25 MPa, dan 30 MPa belum optimum, yang berarti pembuatan beton dengan agregat dari Kepulauan Aru masih bisa direncanakan lebih tinggi dari 30 MPa. Kata kunci : beton, agregat, Kepulauan Aru, kuat eekan, kuat tarik bela

Sodium-dependent phosphate transporters in osteoclast differentiation and function.

Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone degrading cells. Phosphate is an important constituent of mineralized bone and released in significant quantities during bone resorption. Molecular contributors to phosphate transport during the resorptive activity of osteoclasts have been controversially discussed. This study aimed at deciphering the role of sodium-dependent phosphate transporters during osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Our studies reveal RANKL-induced differential expression of sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein IIa (NaPi-IIa) transcript and protein during osteoclast development, but no expression of the closely related NaPi-IIb and NaPi-IIc SLC34 family isoforms. In vitro studies employing NaPi-IIa-deficient osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts reveal that NaPi-IIa is dispensable for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation. These results are supported by the analysis of structural bone parameters by high-resolution microcomputed tomography that yielded no differences between adult NaPi-IIa WT and KO mice. By contrast, both type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporters Pit-1 and Pit-2 were abundantly expressed throughout osteoclast differentiation, indicating that they are the relevant sodium-dependent phosphate transporters in osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors. We conclude that phosphate transporters of the SLC34 family have no role in osteoclast differentiation and function and propose that Pit-dependent phosphate transport could be pivotal for bone resorption and should be addressed in further studies

Quasiparticle properties in a density functional framework

We propose a framework to construct the ground-state energy and density matrix of an N-electron system by solving selfconsistently a set of single-particle equations. The method can be viewed as a non-trivial extension of the Kohn-Sham scheme (which is embedded as a special case). It is based on separating the Green's function into a quasi-particle part and a background part, and expressing only the background part as a functional of the density matrix. The calculated single-particle energies and wave functions have a clear physical interpretation as quasiparticle energies and orbitals.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, to be published in Phys. Rev.