Affirmer l’identité du territoire : Une démarche de valorisation du littoral au Pays Marennes-Oléron

Ces dernières décennies, les côtes atlantiques métropolitaines sont des plus attractives. Cette grande tendance se traduit par l’accroissement rapide de la population littorale, qu’elle soit résidente ou touristique. Certains habitants de Marennes-Oléron ont mis en évidence que cet afflux de nouveaux venus risquait de mener à une certaine banalisation de leur territoire. En réaction, dès les années 2003 à 2004, le Pays Marennes-Oléron a inscrit dans ses principaux schémas de développement la volonté d’« affirmer l’identité du territoire ». Cependant, cette « identité » n’a pas encore fait l’objet d’une véritable définition, ce qui réduit les chances de produire des effets à cette volonté locale. En contribution, l’association IODDE (développement durable local) s’est associée avec l’Agence Biljara (géographie, démarches de territoires) et le GRAINE Poitou-Charentes (éducation à l’environnement) pour réaliser un travail d’enquête et de capitalisation des perceptions d’habitants ou d’usagers sur ce qui pourrait être une base partagée de ces caractéristiques, et engager une réflexion sur sa valorisation.For the last few decades, the metropolitan areas on the atlantic coasts have become more attractive, which is shown by the rapid increase of the littoral population, whether residents or tourists. For some inhabitants of Marennes-Oléron, this influx of newcomers threatened to make their territory humdrum. In reaction, by 2003, the “ Pays Marennes-Oléron ”, in its development planning, set the goal of “ asserting the identity of the territory ”. However, this “ identity ” has not been defined yet, which reduces the chances to produce the desired local effects. In contribution, the association IODDE (local sustainable development) joined with the agency Biljara (geography, initiatives of territories) and the association GRAINE Poitou-Charentes (environmental education) to develop a research project and to capitalize on the perceptions of inhabitants or users of this territory on what could be a shared vision of its characteristics and what could be built from that

The Heliophysics Feature Catalogue, a tool for the study of solar features

The behavior of filaments and prominences during the Solar Cycle is a signature of Sun's activity. It is therefore important to follow their evolution during the cycle, in order to be able to associate it with the various phases of the Solar Cycle as well as with other Solar features or events. The virtual observatory HELIO provides information that can be used for such studies, especially its Heliophysics Feature Catalogue gives a unique access to the description of various features during around one cycle. Features available are: filaments, prominences, photospheric and coronal active regions, coronal radio emission, type III radio bursts, coronal holes and sunspots. Web interfaces allow the user to query data for these features. Useful information can also be shared with other HELIO services, such as Heliophysics Event Catalogue, which provides access to dozens of tables of events such as flares, CME

Genomic characterization of an NDM-9-producing Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolate and role of Glu152Lys substitution in the enhanced cefiderocol hydrolysis of NDM-9

Here, we characterized the first French NDM-9-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolate. A. baumannii 13A297, which belonged to the STPas25 (international clone IC7), was highly resistant to β-lactams including cefiderocol (MIC >32 mg/L). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) using both Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies revealed a 166-kb non-conjugative plasmid harboring a blaNDM-9 gene embedded in a Tn125 composite transposon. Complementation of E. coli DH5α and A. baumannii CIP70.10 strains with the pABEC plasmid carrying the blaNDM-1 or blaNDM-9 gene, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in cefiderocol MIC values (16 to >256-fold), particularly in the NDM-9 transformants. Interestingly, steady-state kinetic parameters, measured using purified NDM-1 and NDM-9 (Glu152Lys) enzymes, revealed that the affinity for cefiderocol was 3-fold higher for NDM-9 (Km = 53 μM) than for NDM-1 (Km = 161 μM), leading to a 2-fold increase in catalytic efficiency for NDM-9 (0.13 and 0.069 μM−1.s−1, for NDM-9 and NDM-1, respectively). Finally, we showed by molecular docking experiments that the residue 152 of NDM-like enzymes plays a key role in cefiderocol binding and resistance, by allowing a strong ionic interaction between the Lys152 residue of NDM-9 with both the Asp223 residue of NDM-9 and the carboxylate group of the R1 substituent of cefiderocol

Pour une démocratie socio-environnementale : cadre pour une plate-forme participative « transition écologique »

Contribution publiée in Penser une démocratie alimentaire Volume II – Proposition Lascaux entre ressources naturelles et besoins fondamentaux, F. Collart Dutilleul et T. Bréger (dir), Inida, San José, 2014, pp. 87-111.International audienceL’anthropocène triomphant actuel, avec ses forçages environnementaux et sociaux, est à l’origine de l’accélération des dégradations des milieux de vie sur Terre et de l’accentuation des tensions sociales et géopolitiques. Passer à un anthropocène de gestion équitable, informé et sobre vis-à-vis de toutes les ressources et dans tous les secteurs d’activité (slow anthropocene), impose une analyse préalable sur l’ensemble des activités et des rapports humains. Cette transition dite « écologique », mais en réalité à la fois sociétale et écologique, est tout sauf un ajustement technique de secteurs dits prioritaires et technocratiques. Elle est avant tout culturelle, politique et philosophique au sens propre du terme. Elle est un horizon pour des trajectoires de développement humain, pour des constructions sociales et économiques, censées redéfinir socialement richesse, bien-être, travail etc. La dénomination « transition écologique » est largement véhiculée, mais ses bases conceptuelles ne sont pas entièrement acquises ni même élaborées. Dans ce contexte, les étudiants en première année de Master BioSciences à l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon ont préparé une première étude analytique de ce changement radical et global de société pour mieux comprendre dans quelle société ils souhaitent vivre, en donnant du sens aux activités humaines présentes et à venir. Une trentaine de dossiers sur divers secteurs d’activités et acteurs de la société ont été produits et ont servis de support à cette synthèse. Plus largement, le but est de construire un socle conceptuel et une plate-forme de travail sur lesquels les questions de fond, mais aussi opérationnelles, peuvent être posées et étudiées en permanence. Cette démarche participative est ouverte à la collectivité sur le site http://institutmichelserres.ens-lyon.fr/

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

Background: We previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15–20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in ~ 80% of cases. Methods: We report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded. Results: No gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5–528.7, P = 1.1 × 10−4) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR = 3.70[95%CI 1.3–8.2], P = 2.1 × 10−4). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR = 19.65[95%CI 2.1–2635.4], P = 3.4 × 10−3), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR = 4.40[9%CI 2.3–8.4], P = 7.7 × 10−8). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD] = 43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P = 1.68 × 10−5). Conclusions: Rare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Experiences from developing a context management system applied to mobility

International audienceRecent advances in electronic and automotive industries as well as in wireless telecommunication technologies have drawn a new picture where each vehicle became fully networked. In order to provide IP connectivity to on-board devices, the IETF has proposed the NEMO (NEtwork MObility) protocol. In this approach, a new device, the Mobile Router (MR), will take place in vehicles. It has to manage mobility and takes advantage of the surrounding wireless technology diversity to offer connectivity and reachability for all nodes in the mobile network as it moves. To be efficient, the MR has to take into account various contextual pa- rameters regarding the management of wireless network interfaces and the routing of the flows. Exchanging such a contextual information can be achieved easily through basic polling and broadcasting mechanisms. However, systems involving more than one MR and systems having hot sensor plugging capabilities will require more advanced techniques for ex- changing context information. In [2], we proposed to use a CMS (Context Management System) in order to process and exchange contextual infor- mation in a vehicular network. This paper describes our experience with the design and the implementation of a new CMS applied to mobility

Experiences from developing a context management system applied to mobility

International audienceRecent advances in electronic and automotive industries as well as in wireless telecommunication technologies have drawn a new picture where each vehicle became fully networked. In order to provide IP connectivity to on-board devices, the IETF has proposed the NEMO (NEtwork MObility) protocol. In this approach, a new device, the Mobile Router (MR), will take place in vehicles. It has to manage mobility and takes advantage of the surrounding wireless technology diversity to offer connectivity and reachability for all nodes in the mobile network as it moves. To be efficient, the MR has to take into account various contextual pa- rameters regarding the management of wireless network interfaces and the routing of the flows. Exchanging such a contextual information can be achieved easily through basic polling and broadcasting mechanisms. However, systems involving more than one MR and systems having hot sensor plugging capabilities will require more advanced techniques for ex- changing context information. In [2], we proposed to use a CMS (Context Management System) in order to process and exchange contextual infor- mation in a vehicular network. This paper describes our experience with the design and the implementation of a new CMS applied to mobility