Dunno if you've any plans for the future: medical student indirect questioning in simulated oncology interviews

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This exploratory study investigated the motives of medical students (N = 63) for using indirect questions of the type <it>I don't know if </it>[you have already heard about chemotherapies], <it>I don't know how </it>[you are], or <it>I don't know what </it>[you do for a living] in simulated patient interviews during a communication skills course.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>I don't know </it>questions (IDK-Qs) were observed during the initial evaluation of students' communication skills; they were systematically identified through video screening and subjected to a qualitative content and discourse analysis considering their context, their content, their intent and their effect on the simulated patients. To evaluate the specificity of medical students' IDK-Qs, the data were compared with a data set of oncologists (N = 31) conducting simulated patient interviews in the context of a Communication Skills Training (CST).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During the interviews, 41.3% of the students asked 1-6 IDK-Qs. The IDK-Qs were attributed to three content categories: medical/treatment questions (N = 24); lifestyle/psychosocial questions (N = 18); and "inviting questions" questions (N = 11). Most of the IDK-Qs had an exploratory function (46/53), with simulated patients providing detailed responses or asking for more information (36/53). IDK-Qs were rare in the oncologist sample compared to the student sample (5 vs. 53 occurrences).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>IDK-Qs showed a question design difference between medical students and oncologists in simulated patient interviews. Among other reasons for this difference, the possible function of IDK-Qs as a protective linguistic strategy and marker for psychological discomfort is discussed.</p

Genome-wide association analyses identify new Brugada syndrome risk loci and highlight a new mechanism of sodium channel regulation in disease susceptibility.

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a cardiac arrhythmia disorder associated with sudden death in young adults. With the exception of SCN5A, encoding the cardiac sodium channel Na1.5, susceptibility genes remain largely unknown. Here we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis comprising 2,820 unrelated cases with BrS and 10,001 controls, and identified 21 association signals at 12 loci (10 new). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-heritability estimates indicate a strong polygenic influence. Polygenic risk score analyses based on the 21 susceptibility variants demonstrate varying cumulative contribution of common risk alleles among different patient subgroups, as well as genetic associations with cardiac electrical traits and disorders in the general population. The predominance of cardiac transcription factor loci indicates that transcriptional regulation is a key feature of BrS pathogenesis. Furthermore, functional studies conducted on MAPRE2, encoding the microtubule plus-end binding protein EB2, point to microtubule-related trafficking effects on Na1.5 expression as a new underlying molecular mechanism. Taken together, these findings broaden our understanding of the genetic architecture of BrS and provide new insights into its molecular underpinnings

EDITORIAL du Numéro spécial JЗEA dédié aux JPCNFM’2016

International audienc

Actions de vulgarisation du guichet national de formation continue du GIP-CNFM

15e journées pédagogiques du CNFM (Coordination nationale pour la formation en micro-électronique et en nanotechnologies)International audienceCet article présente les actions de dissémination et de vulgarisation mises en œuvre pour promouvoir l’offre de formation continue en Microélectronique et en Nanotechnologies du réseau GIP-CNFM. Il rappelle la structuration et organisation du guichet d’entrée national et dresse le bilan 2014-2018 des formations continues réalisées dans le cadre du projet ANR IDEFI-FINMINA. Il conclut en adressant l’actualité et les nouvelles actions identifiées pour accroître la visibilité du GIP- CNFM dans le milieu de la formation professionnelle continue

La formation tout au long de la vie en Microélectronique et en Nanotechnologies dans le cadre du réseau GIP-CNFM

National audienceCet article présente la mise en place d'un guichet (ou portail) national de formation continue en Microélectronique et en Nanotechnologies dans le cadre du réseau GIP-CNFM et l’offre qui est proposée aux acteurs académiques et industriels. Cette mise en place a correspondu à plusieurs actions et plusieurs étapes qui sont détaillées et qui ont permis de répondre à plusieurs types de besoins autant en contenu, qu’en niveau et durée

Temporal variations of rhizosphere and bulk soil chemistry in a Douglas fir stand

Rhizosphere soil can play a central role in the maintenance of the soil–plant system and influencing the biogeochemistry of forest ecosystems. However, rhizospheric studies in situ to understand the ecosystem functions are still lacking. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to examine the differences in the chemical properties such as the pH, organic C, exchangeable base cations (EBC=Mg2++Ca2++K+), exchangeable acidity and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of three soil fractions (Bulk, B; Rhizosphere, R and Rhizosphere Interface, RI) and the evolution of chemical properties of soil samples collected in March and June from a Douglas fir ecosystem located in the Beaujolais Mounts in France. Most of the variables measured (organic matter, CEC and EBC) increased significantly in the same order (BbRbRI), indicating that the rhizosphere was a favorable interface for tree nutrition. These processes were more pronounced in June than in March, as the temperature and biological activities are normally higher in June than in March. The temporal variations of Al charge in R and B seem to depend on OH−, organic complexation and H+ production by roots and/or the organic matter degradation in the bulk soil. In the rhizosphere, the H+ or OH− production depends on the N cycle. The results of this study and the support of independent mineralogical study using the same soil fractions, and of other field studies on the same site have all pointed at the importance of rhizosphere as an excellent indicator for the understanding of the ecosystem dynamics in both short- and long-term

Altération d'un phyllosilicate par des champignons ectomycorhiziens in vitro (Paxillus involutus, Rhizopogon luteolus, ammonium)

National audienc

Altération d'un phyllosilicate par des champignons ectomycorhiziens in vitro (Paxillus involutus, Rhizopogon luteolus, ammonium)

National audienc

Relationship between the weathering of clay minerals and the nitrification rate: a rapid tree species effect

Document Type : Proceedings Paper Conference Date : SEP 19-23, 2010 Conference Location : FRANCE Conference Sponsor : Bioemco Lab (Biogeochemistry and Ecol Continental Ecosystems), Soil Organ Matter GrpInternational audienceWe compared the properties of the clay mineral fraction and the composition of soil solutions in a Fagus sylvatica coppice (native forest) and four adjacent plantations of Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus nigra, Picea abies and Quercus sessiliflora planted in 1976. The results revealed changes of clay fraction properties due to tree species effect. Clay samples from Douglas fir and pine stands differ when compared to other species. Twenty-eight years after planting, we observed the following changes: a more pronounced swelling after citrate extraction and ethylene glycol solvation, a higher CEC and a smaller poorly crystallised aluminium content. All these changes affecting the clay fraction agreed well with soil solution analyses which revealed high NO3 (-), H+ and Al concentrations under Douglas fir and pine. These changes were explained by a strong net nitrification under Douglas fir and pine stands when compared with other tree species. The higher NO3 (-) concentrations in soil solutions should be linked to the presence, type and activity of ammonia-oxiding bacteria which are likely influenced by tree species. The production of NO3 (-) in excess of biological demand leads to a net production of hydrogen ion and enhances the dissolution of poorly crystallised Al-minerals. Secondary Al-bearing minerals constituted the principal acid-consuming system in these soils. As a consequence, the depletion of interlayer spaces of hydroxyinterlayered minerals increases the number of sites for exchangeable cation fixation and increases CEC of the clay fraction. The dissolution of Al oxy-hydroxides explain the increase in Al concentrations of soil solutions under Douglas fir and pine stands when compared to other species. Nitrate and dissolved aluminium were conjointly leached in the soil solutions. A change in environmental conditions, like an introduction of tree species, enough modifies soil processes to induce significant changes in the soil mineralogical composition even over a period of time as short as some tens of years. Generally, mineral weathering has been considered to be very slow and unlikely to change over tens of years, resulting in few studies capable of detecting changes in mineralogy. This study appears to have detected changes in clay mineralogy during a period of 28 years after the planting of forest species. Our study represents a single location with a limited block design, but causes us to conclude that the observed changes could be widely representative. Where available, archived samples should be utilized and long-term experiments set up so that similar changes can be tested for and detected using more robust designs. The plausible hypothesis we present to explain apparent changes in clay mineralogy has strong relevance to the sustainable management of land