12 research outputs found

    Mosquito Iridescent Virus : New Records from Nature and Infections Using Strelkovimermis spiculatus (Mermithidae) as a Vector Under Laboratory Conditions

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    Iridoviridae is a DNA virus family that affects both vertebrates and invertebrates. Immature aquatic stages of many dipteran species infected with iridovirus have been found in different places worldwide. The most represented genera of the Culicidae family are Aedes and Psorophora. To date, sixteen species of Aedes naturally infected with iridoviruses have been reported. Moreover, there are four records for the genus Psorophora, one for Culiseta, and two for Culex. In this paper, we report two new mosquito species as natural hosts of iridoviridae in Argentina: Aedes albifasciatus (Macquart) and Culex dolosus (Lynch Arribalzaga). We also analyzed the ability of a Cx. pipiens-Invertebrate Iridescent Virus to replicate in vivo in the larval stage of two mosquito species, Culex apicinus Philippi and Ae. aegypti (L.) using Strelkovimermis spiculatus as a vector, under laboratory conditions. Although Ae. aegypti is the most recognized mosquito vector of important arboviruses responsible for emergent diseases, Cx. apicinus and Ae. albifasciatus may also be implicated in enzootic or epizootic cycles of virus transmission, such as the St. Louis Encephalitis virus and the Western Equine Encephalomyelitis virus.Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectore

    Vector competence of Aedes aegypti for different strains of zika virus in Argentina

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    The importance of Zika virus (ZIKV) has increased noticeably since the outbreak in the Americas in 2015, when the illness was associated with congenital disorders. Although there is evidence of sexual transmission of the virus, the mosquito Aedes aegypti is believed to be the main vector for transmission to humans. This species of mosquito has not only been found naturally infected with ZIKV, but also has been the subject of study in many vector competence assays that employ different strains of ZIKV around the world. In Argentina, the first case was reported in February 2016 and a total of 278 autochthonous cases have since been confirmed, however, ZIKV virus has not been isolated from any mosquito species yet in Argentina. In order to elucidate if Argentinian Ae. aegypti populations could be a possible vector of ZIKV, we conducted vector competence studies that involved a local strain of ZIKV from Chaco province, and a Venezuelan strain obtained from an imported case. For this purpose, Ae. aegypti adults from the temperate area of Argentina (Buenos Aires province) were fed with infected blood. Body, legs and saliva were harvested and tested by plaque titration on plates of Vero cells for ZIKV at 7, 11 and 14 days post infection (DPI) in order to calculate infection, transmission, and dissemination rates, respectively. Both strains were able to infect mosquitoes at all DPIs, whereas dissemination and transmission were observed at all DPIs for the Argentinian strain but only at 14 DPI for the Venezuelan strain. This study proves the ability of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from Argentina to become infected with two different strains of ZIKV, both belonging to the Asian lineage, and that the virus can disseminate to the legs and salivary glands.Fil: Bonica, Melisa Berenice. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Goenaga, Silvina. Direcci贸n Nacional de Instituto de Investigaci贸n. Administraci贸n Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Mar铆a Laura. Direcci贸n Nacional de Instituto de Investigaci贸n. Administraci贸n Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Feroci, Mariel. Direcci贸n Nacional de Instituto de Investigaci贸n. Administraci贸n Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Luppo, Victoria. Direcci贸n Nacional de Instituto de Investigaci贸n. Administraci贸n Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Muttis, Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Fabbri, Cintia. Direcci贸n Nacional de Instituto de Investigaci贸n. Administraci贸n Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Morales, Maria Alejandra. Direcci贸n Nacional de Instituto de Investigaci贸n. Administraci贸n Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Enria, Delia. Direcci贸n Nacional de Instituto de Investigaci贸n. Administraci贸n Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Micieli, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Levis, Silvana del Carmen. Direcci贸n Nacional de Instituto de Investigaci贸n. Administraci贸n Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentin

    Vector competence of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> for different strains of Zika virus in Argentina

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    The importance of Zika virus (ZIKV) has increased noticeably since the outbreak in the Americas in 2015, when the illness was associated with congenital disorders. Although there is evidence of sexual transmission of the virus, the mosquito Aedes aegypti is believed to be the main vector for transmission to humans. This species of mosquito has not only been found naturally infected with ZIKV, but also has been the subject of study in many vector competence assays that employ different strains of ZIKV around the world. In Argentina, the first case was reported in February 2016 and a total of 278 autochthonous cases have since been confirmed, however, ZIKV virus has not been isolated from any mosquito species yet in Argentina. In order to elucidate if Argentinian Ae. aegypti populations could be a possible vector of ZIKV, we conducted vector competence studies that involved a local strain of ZIKV from Chaco province, and a Venezuelan strain obtained from an imported case. For this purpose, Ae. aegypti adults from the temperate area of Argentina (Buenos Aires province) were fed with infected blood. Body, legs and saliva were harvested and tested by plaque titration on plates of Vero cells for ZIKV at 7, 11 and 14 days post infection (DPI) in order to calculate infection, transmission, and dissemination rates, respectively. Both strains were able to infect mosquitoes at all DPIs, whereas dissemination and transmission were observed at all DPIs for the Argentinian strain but only at 14 DPI for the Venezuelan strain. This study proves the ability of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from Argentina to become infected with two different strains of ZIKV, both belonging to the Asian lineage, and that the virus can disseminate to the legs and salivary glands.Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectore

    Estudio y detecci贸n de flavivirus en mosquitos de importancia sanitaria

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    Las enfermedades causadas por flavivirus son un tema de gran preocupaci贸n para la salud p煤blica en todo el mundo. En las 煤ltimas d茅cadas, Am茅rica del Sur ha sufrido epidemias de dengue, el resurgimiento de los virus de la fiebre amarilla (YFV) y la encefalitis de Saint Louis (SLEV), y la introducci贸n de los virus del Nilo Occidental (WNV) y Zika (ZIKV). La v铆a principal de transmisi贸n de estas flavivirosis es a trav茅s de la picadura de un mosquito vector. Asimismo, en los 煤ltimos a帽os se han descrito numerosos flavivirus espec铆ficos de insectos (ISF), es decir, virus que no pueden replicarse en c茅lulas de vertebrados. Se ha visto como la coinfecci贸n de flavivirus pat贸genos y flavivirus espec铆ficos de insecto puede alterar la capacidad vectorial de los mosquitos, y en consecuencia la transmisi贸n de las enfermedades. Por este motivo resulta importante conocer la presencia y distribuci贸n de los flavivirus que infectan los mosquitos presentes en nuestro pa铆s. La interacci贸n que existe entre el virus y el mosquito es esencial para una transmisi贸n efectiva y depende de factores tanto del virus como del artr贸podo. Uno de los factores m谩s importantes relacionados con el vector es la competencia vectorial, pues se refiere a la capacidad intr铆nseca del vector para ser infectado por el virus, permitir su replicaci贸n y posteriormente transmitirlo a un hu茅sped susceptible. Adem谩s, la habilidad para ser un vector competente depende de barreras naturales a la infecci贸n, barreras inmunol贸gicas y la presencia de receptores espec铆ficos para el virus. Todas estas caracter铆sticas, sumadas a las caracter铆sticas propias del virus, favorecer谩n o no su transmisi贸n. Por otro lado, la importancia de ZIKV ha aumentado notablemente desde el brote ocurrido en las Am茅ricas en 2015, cuando la enfermedad se asoci贸 con trastornos cong茅nitos. La enfermedad suele ser asintom谩tica, pero a veces puede causar una enfermedad leve que se acompa帽a de fiebre, sarpullido, dolor en las articulaciones y conjuntivitis. La Organizaci贸n Mundial de la Salud centr贸 la atenci贸n en ZIKV cuando el virus se relacion贸 con microcefalia y enfermedades neurol贸gicas graves, incluido el s铆ndrome de Guillain-Barr茅. Aunque existe evidencia de transmisi贸n sexual del virus, se cree que la transmisi贸n a los seres humanos tiene un origen principalmente vectorial, asociada con Aedes aegypti. Esta especie de mosquito no solo se ha encontrado naturalmente infectada con ZIKV, sino que tambi茅n ha sido objeto de estudio en muchos ensayos de competencia vectorial que emplean diferentes cepas de ZIKV en todo el mundo. En Argentina, el primer caso se notific贸 en febrero de 2016 y desde entonces se han confirmado un total de 278 casos aut贸ctonos, sin embargo, el virus ZIKV no se ha aislado a煤n en ninguna especie de mosquito en el pa铆s. El objetivo general de esta propuesta es contribuir al conocimiento de la ecoepidemiolog铆a de virus transmitidos por mosquitos de importancia sanitaria y determinar si las poblaciones argentinas de Ae. aegypti podr铆an ser un vector de ZIKV. La primera parte de la tesis se focaliza en la detecci贸n de flavivirus, tanto de inter茅s sanitario como espec铆ficos de insecto, en mosquitos de distintas ecorregiones argentinas. Para ello se muestrearon 20 localidades donde se recolectaron 13 especies distintas de mosquitos. Los ejemplares recolectados se dividieron en pooles y a trav茅s de t茅cnicas moleculares se extrajo y analiz贸 el genoma total (ARN y ADN). Las muestras positivas fueron secuenciadas y sucesivamente analizadas con t茅cnicas bioinform谩ticas para su identificaci贸n. Sorpresivamente, en este estudio no se detect贸 ning煤n ARN perteneciente a flavivirus pat贸genos o ISF en adultos o en estadios inmaduros. Sin embargo, se detect贸 ADN de tipo flaviviral en varios de los pooles de Ae. aegypti analizados. A pesar de haber sido descrito previamente como un elemento ancestral en Ae. aegypti, no se detect贸 en todas las muestras y las secuencias analizadas no formaron un grupo monofil茅tico, lo que posiblemente refleje la diversidad gen茅tica de las poblaciones de mosquitos en Argentina. La segunda parte de la tesis busca dilucidar si las poblaciones argentinas de Ae. aegypti, que consisten en una combinaci贸n peculiar de dos ecoformas Ae. aegypti formosus y Ae. aegypti aegypti, podr铆an ser un posible vector de ZIKV. Para ello realizamos estudios de competencia vectorial sobre adultos de Ae. aegypti de la zona templada de Argentina (provincia de Buenos Aires) que involucraron una cepa local de ZIKV de la provincia de Chaco y una cepa venezolana obtenida de un caso importado. Se analizaron el cuerpo, las patas y la saliva, para calcular las tasas de infecci贸n, transmisi贸n y diseminaci贸n a distintos d铆as post infecci贸n (DPI). Los resultados mostraron que ambas cepas pudieron infectar a los mosquitos en todos los DPI, mientras que se observ贸 diseminaci贸n y transmisi贸n en todos los DPI para la cepa argentina, pero solo a los 14 DPI para la cepa venezolana. Este estudio demuestra la capacidad de los mosquitos Ae. aegypti de Argentina para ser infectados por dos cepas de ZIKV, ambas pertenecientes al linaje asi谩tico, y que el virus puede diseminarse a las patas y las gl谩ndulas salivales del mosquito.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

    Un alimentador artificial eficaz para la cr铆a de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

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    Mosquitoes, like other hematophagous insects, need to feed on blood to produce eggs. For laboratory colony maintenance, live animals are generally used, while various artificial feeders with different characteristics have been developed for experimental assays. In this study, a previously developed and pathogen-tested glass artificial feeder was selected and evaluated for rearing Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus). The device utilizes bovine gut as a membrane and human blood as a food source, maintaining a constant temperature of 37 掳C through a thermostatic bath that enables water circulation around the feeder. Egg hatching, feeding rates, and fertility were analyzed for three cohorts of a parental lineage (P) and their respective filial lineages (F1) over a period of 4-5 weeks. The results demonstrated the efficacy of this methodology for rearing an Ae. aegypti colony up to the second generation, with average egg hatching rates of P= 0.92 and F1= 0.80, average feeding rates of P= 0.54 and F1= 0.73, and egg quantities obtained of P= 1809 and F1 = 8579.Mosquitoes, like other hematophagous insects, need to feed on blood to produce eggs. For laboratory colony maintenance, live animals are generally used, while various artificial feeders with different characteristics have been developed for experimental assays. In this study, a previously developed and pathogen-tested glass artificial feeder was selected and evaluated for rearing Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus). The device utilizes bovine gut as a membrane and human blood as a food source, maintaining a constant temperature of 37 掳C through a thermostatic bath that enables water circulation around the feeder. Egg hatching, feeding rates, and fertility were analyzed for three cohorts of a parental lineage (P) and their respective filial lineages (F1) over a period of 4-5 weeks. The results demonstrated the efficacy of this methodology for rearing an Ae. aegypti colony up to the second generation, with average egg hatching rates of P= 0.92 and F1= 0.80, average feeding rates of P= 0.54 and F1= 0.73, and egg quantities obtained of P= 1809 and F1 = 8579.Fil: Bonica, Melisa Berenice. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Marti, Gerardo Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Micieli, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; Argentin

    Complete Genome Analysis of a Rabbit Rotavirus Causing Gastroenteritis in a Human Infant

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    Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are responsible for causing infantile diarrhea both in humans and animals. The molecular characteristics of lapine RVA strains are only studied to a limited extent and so far G3P[14] and G3P[22] were found to be the most common G/P-genotypes. During the 2012-2013 rotavirus season in Belgium, a G3P[14] RVA strain was isolated from stool collected from a two-year-old boy. We investigated whether RVA/Human-wt/BEL/BE5028/2012/G3P[14] is completely of lapine origin or the result of reassortment event(s). Phylogenetic analyses of all gene segments revealed the following genotype constellation: G3-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M3-A9-N2-T6-E5-H3 and indicated that BE5028 probably represents a rabbit to human interspecies transmission able to cause disease in a human child. Interestingly, BE5028 showed a close evolutionary relationship to RVA/Human-wt/BEL/B4106/2000/G3P[14], another lapine-like strain isolated in a Belgian child in 2000. The phylogenetic analysis of the NSP3 segment suggests the introduction of a bovine(-like) NSP3 into the lapine RVA population in the past 12 years. Sequence analysis of NSP5 revealed a head-to-tail partial duplication, combined with two short insertions and a deletion, indicative of the continuous circulation of this RVA lineage within the rabbit population

    Complete genome analysis of a rabbit rotavirus causing gastroenteritis in a human infant

    No full text
    Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are responsible for causing infantile diarrhea both in humans and animals. The molecular characteristics of lapine RVA strains are only studied to a limited extent and so far G3P[14] and G3P[22] were found to be the most common G/P-genotypes. During the 2012-2013 rotavirus season in Belgium, a G3P[14] RVA strain was isolated from stool collected from a two-year-old boy. We investigated whether RVA/Human-wt/BEL/BE5028/2012/G3P[14] is completely of lapine origin or the result of reassortment event(s). Phylogenetic analyses of all gene segments revealed the following genotype constellation: G3-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M3-A9-N2-T6-E5-H3 and indicated that BE5028 probably represents a rabbit to human interspecies transmission able to cause disease in a human child. Interestingly, BE5028 showed a close evolutionary relationship to RVA/Human-wt/BEL/B4106/2000/G3P[14], another lapine-like strain isolated in a Belgian child in 2000. The phylogenetic analysis of the NSP3 segment suggests the introduction of a bovine(-like) NSP3 into the lapine RVA population in the past 12 years. Sequence analysis of NSP5 revealed a head-to-tail partial duplication, combined with two short insertions and a deletion, indicative of the continuous circulation of this RVA lineage within the rabbit population.status: publishe

    Mosquito iridescent virus: New records from nature and infections using strelkovimermis spiculatus (mermithidae) as a vector under laboratory conditions

    No full text
    Iridoviridae is a DNA virus family that affects both vertebrates and invertebrates. Immature aquatic stages of many dipteran species infected with iridovirus have been found in different places worldwide. The most represented genera of the Culicidae family are Aedes and Psorophora. To date, sixteen species of Aedes naturally infected with iridoviruses have been reported. Moreover, there are four records for the genus Psorophora, one for Culiseta, and two for Culex. In this paper, we report two new mosquito species as natural hosts of iridoviridae in Argentina: Aedes albifasciatus (Macquart) and Culex dolosus (Lynch Arribalzaga). We also analyzed the ability of a Cx. pipiens-Invertebrate Iridescent Virus to replicate in vivo in the larval stage of two mosquito species, Culex apicinus Philippi and Ae. aegypti (L.) using Strelkovimermis spiculatus as a vector, under laboratory conditions. Although Ae. aegypti is the most recognized mosquito vector of important arboviruses responsible for emergent diseases, Cx. apicinus and Ae. albifasciatus may also be implicated in enzootic or epizootic cycles of virus transmission, such as the St. Louis Encephalitis virus and the Western Equine Encephalomyelitis virus.Fil: Muttis, Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Micieli, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Bonica, Melisa Berenice. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Ghiringhelli, Pablo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnolog铆a; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, J. J.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; Argentin

    Genetic diversity in three bovine-like human G8P[14] and G10P[14] rotaviruses suggests independent interspecies transmission events

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    The group A rotavirus (RVA) P[14] genotype has been sporadically detected in humans and is thought to be acquired through zoonotic transmission. The present study describes the full-length genome analysis of two G8P[14] and one G10P[14] human RVAs detected in Italy. The strains possessed the typical bovine-like I2-R2-C2-M2-A3/A11-N2-T6-E2-H3 genotype constellation. All the segments of the two G8P[14] RVAs were most closely related to bovine (-like) strains but were relatively distant to each other suggesting two independent interspecies transmission events. Likewise, the G10P[14] RVA gene segments were most similar to bovine (-like) RVAs, but distinct from the G8 strains. The natural history of these strains probably involved the interspecies transmission of these viruses to humans from a yet unidentified animal host, without evidence of reassortment events involving human RVAs. These results reinforce the potential of animal viruses to cross the host-species barrier causing disease and increase viral genetic diversity in humans.status: publishe

    Detection of flaviviral-like DNA sequences in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) collected from Argentina

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    Diseases caused by flaviviruses are a major public health burden across the world. In the past decades, South America has suffered dengue epidemics, the re-emergence of yellow fever and St. Louis encephalitis viruses, and the introduction of West Nile and Zika viruses. Many insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) that cannot replicate in vertebrate cells have recently been described. In this study, we analyzed field-collected mosquito samples from six different ecoregions of Argentina to detect flaviviruses. We did not find any RNA belonging to pathogenic flaviviruses or ISFs in adults or immature stages. However, flaviviral-like DNA similar to flavivirus NS5 region was detected in 83-100% of Aedes aegypti (L.). Despite being previously described as an ancient element in the Ae. aegypti genome, the flaviviral-like DNA sequence was not detected in all Ae. aegypti samples and sequences obtained did not form a monophyletic group, possibly reflecting the genetic diversity of mosquito populations in Argentina.Fil: Bonica, Melisa Berenice. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Balcazar, Dario Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Chuchuy, Ailen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Barneche, Jorge Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Carolina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu脥mica. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriolog铆a y Virolog铆a Molecular (IBaViM); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Micieli, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitol贸gicos y de Vectores; Argentin
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