Multiple analytical perspectives of the Eleme Anterior-Perfective

There is increasing recognition in typology that linguistic categories are language-specific and not universal, increasing the need for explicitness in language descriptions. In light of this development, I argue in this paper that preexisting labels and descriptions for a set of subject-marking TAM prefixes in Eleme do not adequately characterise the distribution and use of these forms, which is conditioned by the complex interaction of person and number features, Aktionsart, epistemic modality and information structure. In response to the challenges raised by these data, I argue that when multiple analytical perspectives are required to understand the function of a grammatical form, fine-grained quantitative analyses with description give a complex but useful basis on which to compare languages

A broader perspective on point of view: logophoricity in Ogonoid languages

Logophoric marking in the Ogonoid family (Benue-Congo, Niger-Congo) differs significantly from most other logophoric reference systems in that these languages employ distinct verbal suffixes in logophoric domains, in addition to regular participant reference marking. This contrasts other known logophoric reference systems, which typically exhibit two sets of mutually exclusive pronouns, one logophoric and one non-logophoric. It has been commonly held in the literature that the function of logophoric pronouns is not to disambiguate coreference of clausal arguments, but to indicate the expression of a point of view distinct from that articulated using non-logophoric personal pronouns. In this paper, the properties of logophoric reference in Gokana (Hyman and Comrie 1981) and Kana (Ikoro 1996) are introduced before discussing new data from Eleme. Evidence is presented that point of view does not play a role in the use of logophoric marking in Eleme. Rather, it is argued that the logophoric trigger is determined by the interaction of person, number and grammatical relation hierarchies allowing for the development of a unique and comparably pervasive system of coreference

F17RS SGR No. 6 (Library Committee)

A RESOLUTION To urge and request the formation of a Student Committee to provide input on library renovations and other services offered by the librar

Molecular dynamics simulations and docking of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): a possible approach to personalized HIV treatment : from 7th German Conference on Chemoinformatics: 25 CIC-Workshop Goslar, Germany, 6 - 8 November 2011

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is currently ranked sixth in the worldwide causes of death [1]. One treatment approach is to inhibit reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme essential for reverse transcription of viral RNA into DNA before integration into the host genome [2]. By using non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs) [3], which target an allosteric binding site, major side effects can be evaded. Unfortunately, high genetic variability of HIV in combination with selection pressure introduced by drug treatment enables the virus to develop resistance against this drug class by developing point mutations. This situation necessitates treatment with alternative NNRTIs that target the particular RT mutants encountered in a patient. Previously, proteochemometric approaches have demonstrated some success in predicting binding of particular NNRTIs to individual mutants; however a structurebased approach may help to further improve the predictive success of such models. Hence, our aim is to rationalize the experimental activity of known NNRTIs against a variety of RT mutants by combining molecular modeling, long-timescale atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation sampling and ensemble docking. Initial control experiments on known inhibitor-RT mutant complexes using this protocol were successful, and the predictivity for further complexes is currently being evaluated. In addition to predictive power, MD simulations of multiple RT mutants are providing fundamental insight into the dynamics of the allosteric NNRTI binding site which is useful for the design of future inhibitors. Overall, work of this type is hoped to contribute to the development of predictive efficacy models for individual patients, and hence towards personalized HIV treatment options

A Micro-Typology of Contact Effects in Four Tibeto-Burman Languages

When minority languages with similar typological profiles are in long-term contact with a genealogically unrelated socioeconomically dominant language, the perfect context is provided for investigating which observed contact effects are demonstrably allied to sociolinguistic dynamics rather than purely structural ones. This paper investigates the factors determining the different extent of contact effects in four Tibeto-Burman languages (Gurung, Gyalsumdo, Nar-Phu, and Manange) spoken in a geo-politically defined and multilingual region of Nepal. Using corpus data and sociolinguistic interviews collected in the field, we demonstrate that a range of social, economic and geo-spatial factors contribute to asymmetries where contact effects are observed in the four speech communities. These notably include factors specifically relevant in mountain-based communities, including proximity to transport and trekking routes, outward migration effects on small settlements, and the primary economies of the different parts of the Manang District

International Forum on Reactor Ageing Management (IFRAM) - Proceedings of the European Engagement Workshop

In 2009 the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) together with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) initiated the "International Forum on Reactor Ageing Management (IFRAM)". The aim of the forum is to consolidate the present knowledge on ageing management (AM) and long term operation (LTO) of commercial NPPs, identify open gaps and prioritize and even conduct the necessary R&D work to fill these gaps. IFRAM is seeking to share knowledge and data and to avoid duplication of work since human and financial resources for AM/LTO are limited. IFRAM should be an international forum with members from Asia, America and Europe and all common commercial nuclear reactor types around the world should be represented. An Asian Engagement workshop was held successfully in Seoul from 11th - 13th October 2009 to bring together Asian nuclear organisations & research institutes and US NRC & PNNL to further discuss the idea of IFRAM. The Asian Engagement workshop was followed by the European Engagement workshop held in Petten, the Netherlands from 25th - 27th May 2010 and hosted by JRC-IE. Similar to the Asian Engagement workshop the aim of the European Engagement workshop was to bring together European nuclear organisations & research institutes and US NRC & PNNL to further discuss the idea of IFRAM and open scientific / technical issues on AM/LTO. The European Engagement workshop was held successfully and this EUR report summarizes the presentations given by the workshop participants and the outcome of the two discussion sessions, i.e. establishment & benefits of IFRAM and scientific / technical issues on AM/LTO 60 years+ of NPPs.JRC.DDG.F.5-Safety of present nuclear reactor

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of an allosteric inhibitor of HSET that targets cancer cells with supernumerary centrosomes

Centrosomes associate with spindle poles; thus, the presence of two centrosomes promotes bipolar spindle assembly in normal cells. Cancer cells often contain supernumerary centrosomes, and to avoid multipolar mitosis and cell death, these are clustered into two poles by the microtubule motor protein HSET. We report the discovery of an allosteric inhibitor of HSET, CW069, which we designed using a methodology on an interface of chemistry and biology. Using this approach, we explored millions of compounds in silico and utilized convergent syntheses. Only compound CW069 showed marked activity against HSET in vitro. The inhibitor induced multipolar mitoses only in cells containing supernumerary centrosomes. CW069 therefore constitutes a valuable tool for probing HSET function and, by reducing the growth of cells containing supernumerary centrosomes, paves the way for new cancer therapeutics

Molecular dynamics simulations and docking of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): a possible approach to personalized HIV treatment

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.Peer Reviewe

Aspectual and focal functions of Cognate-Head-Dependent Constructions: Evidence from Africa

Abstract Cognate-Head-Dependent Constructions (CHDCs) are employed across numerous genera in Africa to signpost alternations in the aspectual characteristics of a predicate or the information focus of a clause. The co-occurrence of a finite lexical verb (the cognate head) and an etymologically related (deverbal) noun or non-finite verb form (the cognate dependent) in such structures is interpreted with reference to the scalar semantics of events and properties. Within this areal typology, CHDCs are employed to indicate either (i) a high point relative to a norm on a semantic scale, or (ii) a conventionally low-ranked possibility, in order to implicitly contrast possible alternatives