Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 11-12, 2009, Pensacola Beach, Florida)

Contents Contributed papers (Jason Bond, moderator) Effects of Diseases on Soybean Yields in the United States, 1996 to 2006. Allen Wrather and Steve Koenning Evaluation of Soybean Cultivars for Resistance to Soybean Phomopsis Seed Decay in the Mississippi Delta. Shuxian Li, Debbie Boykin, Gabriel Sciumbato, Allen Wrather, Grover Shannon, and David Sleper The impact of timing and fungicides on soybean disease management. Boyd Padgett, Myra Purvis, Allen Hogan, and Clayton Hollier Foliar Fungicide Impact on Frogeye Leaf Spot, Yield and Net Returns in Mississippi Soybeans. Tom Allen, Ben Spinks, Billy Moore, Alan Blaine, and Dan Poston SCE 08: Standards for assessing resistance to SCN. TL Niblack, GL Tylka, and H Lopez-Nicora Frogeye Leaf Spot Control Update. Melvin Newman Graduate student papers (Clayton Hollier, moderator) Association of Specific Variables with Severity of Asian Soybean Rust as Assessed by GIS Analysis at the Field Level. EP Mumma, RW Schneider, and CL Robertson Presence and pathogenicity of Neocosmospora vasinfecta in Arkansas soybeans. Amanda Greer, Cliff Coker, and Sherrie Smith Charcoal Rot: Current Status. Alemu Mengistu Discussion sessions SSDW Region-wide Research Needs (Allen Wrather, moderator) SSDW Region-wide Extension Needs (Melvin Newman moderator) Soybean Rust Monitoring Needs (Tom Allen, moderator) Soybean Disease Atlas Slide Viewing (Boyd Padgett, moderator) Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimator for 2008. Compiled by Stephen R. Koenning Southern Soybean Disease Workers 2008 treasury repor

A New Extension of the Binomial Error Model for Responses to Items of Varying Difficulty in Educational Testing and Attitude Surveys

We put forward a new item response model which is an extension of the binomial error model first introduced by Keats and Lord. Like the binomial error model, the basic latent variable can be interpreted as a probability of responding in a certain way to an arbitrarily specified item. For a set of dichotomous items, this model gives predictions that are similar to other single parameter IRT models (such as the Rasch model) but has certain advantages in more complex cases. The first is that in specifying a flexible two-parameter Beta distribution for the latent variable, it is easy to formulate models for randomized experiments in which there is no reason to believe that either the latent variable or its distribution vary over randomly composed experimental groups. Second, the elementary response function is such that extensions to more complex cases (e.g., polychotomous responses, unfolding scales) are straightforward. Third, the probability metric of the latent trait allows tractable extensions to cover a wide variety of stochastic response processes

Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 12-13, 2008, Pensacola, Florida)

Contents Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimate for 2007. Compiled by SR Koenning Contributed papers (Clayton Hollier, moderator) Effects of Row Spacing and Leaf Wetness on the Temporal and Spatial Spread of Soybean Rust within Soybean Canopies. DF Narváez, JJ Marois, DL Wright, and S Isard Effects of Potassium, Chloride, and Minor Elements Nutrition on Asian Soybean Rust. RW Schneider, EP Mumma, CL Clark, and CG Giles The Impact of Selected Fungicide Treatments on Disease Progress of Asian Soybean Rust and Other Diseases of Soybean. GB Padgett, MA Purvis, A Hogan, and S Martin Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Variety Testing at Southern Illinois University. C Herzog, C Schmidt, and M Schmidt Soybean Yield Suppression Due to Diseases for the Top Eight Soybean-Producing Countries in 2006. A Wrather, S Koenning, R Balardin, LH Carregal, R Escobar, GK Gupta, Z Ma, W Morel, LD Ploper, and A Tenuta Impact of Frogeye Leaf Spot on Soybean Yield in the Lower Midwest. CM Vick, AK Vick, JP Bond, and JA Wrather Graduate student papers (Alemu Mengistu, moderator) Laboratory Evaluation of Soybean Resistance to Pod Blight Caused by Cercospora kikuchii. BC Wells and GL Sciumbato Temporal Dynamics of Root and Foliar Symptoms of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome at Different Inoculum Densities. C Gongora-Canul, FW Nutter, Jr, and LFS Leandro Discussion session (Allen Wrather, moderator) Soybean Rust Sentinal Survey discussion. Don Hershman Proceedings of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers are published annually by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers. Text, references, figures, and tables are reproduced as they were submitted by authors. The opinions expressed by the participants at this conference are their own and do not necessarily represent those of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers. Mention of a trademark or proprietary products in this publication does not constitute a guarantee, warranty, or endorsement of that product by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers

Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 10-11, 2010, Pensacola Beach, Florida)

Contents SSDW treasury report Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimates for 2009. Compiled by SR Koenning Green Bean symposium (Jason Bond, moderator) Factors Contributing to Green Plants at Maturity. DJ Boquet, RL Leonard, GB Padgett, RW Schneider, J Griffin, J Davis, and R Vaverde The Green Stem Disorder Enigma in Illinois. C Hill and G. Hartman The Influence of Fungicides, Herbicides, and Their Interactions on Green Bean Syndrome. GB Padgett, DJ Boquet, RW Schneider, and MA Purvis Association of Stink Bug Injury with A Green Plant Malady in Soybean. JH Temple, BR Leonard, J Davis, P Price, and J Hardke Managing Green Stem: Desiccant Application Timing in Indeterminate and Determinate Soybean. JM Boudreaux, JL Griffin, RW Schneider, and GB Padgett Graduate student paper competition (Boyd Padgett, moderator) Disinfection of Soybean Seed by Sterilization of C. kikuchii and Other Seedborne Fungi with Gaseous Chlorine Compounds. P Price, DJ Stephens, RW Schneider, and GB Padgett Field Evaluations of Simplicillium lanosoniveum as a Biological Control Agent for Phakopsora pachyrhizi. NA Ward, RW Schneider, and CL Robertson Effects of Environment and Cultivar on Charcoal Rot Development in Soybeans. M Doubledee, J Rupe, C Rothrock, S Bajwa, A Steger, and R Holland Field Evaluation and Molecular Screening of Soybean Lines for Resistance to Sudden Death Syndrome. DW Clark and S Kantartzi Southern Soybean Disease Workers paper session (Clayton Hollier and Boyd Padgett, moderators) Effect of a Fungicide and Insecticide Application on Soybean Seed Quality in Mississippi. TW Allen, CH Koger, AL Catchot, J Gore, D Cook, RE Baird, S Martin, and C Daves USB Funding of Soybean Disease Research. R. Joost Can Headline Fungicide Reduce Yield Loss in Soybean Caused by Soybean Cyst Nematode? DE Hershman and BS Kennedy Efficacy, Yield and Economics of Ballad Plus Biofungicide for Soybean. S Atwell, D Warkentin, and D Manker Management of Soybean Nematodes Through the use of Resistance and Nematicides. M Emerson, S Monfort, A Carroll, J Fortner, T Kirkpatrick, and J Barham Asian Soybean Rust in Louisiana: Evidence of a Dynamic Pathogen. CA Hollier, PA Bollich, GB Padgett, and MA Purvis Alabama Disease Survey. E Sikora, JF Murphy, K Lawrence, and D Delaney Black Root Rot of Soybean: An Emerging Problem in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. C Coker, T Allen, and GB Padgett Soybean Resistance to SCN in.North Carolina, a Continuing Story. SR Koening Research Update on Screening Germ plasm and Breeding for Reisistance to Phomopsis Seed Decay in Soybean. S Li, A Wrather, P Chen, and J Rupe Afternoon sessions (Cliff Coker, moderator) Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus: A New Widespread Virus in the Southeast and Midwest. J Zhou, R-H Wen, M Newman, SK Kantartzi, MR Hajimorad, and IE Tzanetakis Black Root Rot a New Soybean Disease to Arkansas. A Carroll, S Monfort, M Emerson, and J Fortner Proceedings of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers are published annually by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers. Text, references, figures, and tables are reproduced as they were submitted by authors. The opinions expressed by the participants at this conference are their own and do not necessarily represent those of the Southern Soybean Workers. Mention of a trademark or proprietary products in this publication does not constitute a guarantee, warranty, or endorsement of that product by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers

Combining genetic and geospatial analyses to infer population extinction in mygalomorph spiders endemic to the Los Angeles region. Anim

Abstract Although hyperdiverse groups like terrestrial arthropods are almost certainly severely impacted by habitat fragmentation and destruction, few studies have formally documented such effects. In this paper, we summarize the results of a multifaceted research approach to assess the magnitude and importance of anthropogenic population extinction on the narrowly endemic trapdoor spider genus Apomastus. We used geographical information systems modeling to reconstruct the likely historical distribution of Apomastus, and used molecular phylogeographic data to discern population genetic structure and detect genetic signatures of population extinction. In combination, these complementary lines of inference support direct observations of population extinction, and lead us to conclude that population extinction via urbanization has played an important role in defining the modern-day distribution of Apomastus species. This population loss implies coincident loss of genetic and adaptive diversity within this genus, and more generally, suggests a loss of ground-dwelling arthropod population diversity throughout the Los Angeles Basin. Strategies for minimizing this loss are proposed

Iso-lines and inbred-lines confirmed loci that underlie resistance from cultivar ‘Hartwig’ to three soybean cyst nematode populations

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars varied in their resistance to different populations of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, called HG Types. The rhg1 locus on linkage group G was necessary for resistance to all HG types. However, the loci for resistance to H. glycines HG Type 1.3- (race 14) and HG Type 1.2.5- (race 2) of the soybean cyst nematode have varied in their reported locations. The aims were to compare the inheritance of resistance to three nematode HG Types in a population segregating for resistance to SCN and to identify the underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL). ‘Hartwig’, a soybean cultivar resistant to most SCN HG Types, was crossed with the susceptible cultivar ‘Flyer’. A total of 92 F5-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs; or inbred lines) and 144 molecular markers were used for map development. The rhg1 associated QTL found in earlier studies were confirmed and shown to underlie resistance to all three HG Types in RILs (Satt309; HG Type 0, P = 0.0001 R 2 = 22%; Satt275; HG Type 1.3, P = 0.001, R 2 = 14%) and near isogeneic lines (NILs; or iso-lines; Satt309; HG Type 1.2.5-, P = 0.001 R 2 = 24%). A new QTL underlying resistance to HG Type 1.2.5- was detected on LG D2 (Satt574; P = 0.001, R 2 = 11%) among 14 RILs resistant to the other HG types. The locus was confirmed in a small NIL population consisting of 60 plants of ten genotypes (P = 0.04). This QTL (cqSCN-005) is located in an interval previously associated with resistance to both SDS leaf scorch from ‘Pyramid’ and ‘Ripley’ (cqSDS-001) and SCN HG Type 1.3- from Hartwig and Pyramid. The QTL detected will allow marker assisted selection for multigenic resistance to complex nematode populations in combination with sudden death syndrome resistance (SDS) and other agronomic traits

The WFC3 Galactic Bulge Treasury Program: Metallicity Estimates for the Stellar Population and Exoplanet Hosts

We present new UV-to-IR stellar photometry of four low-extinction windows in the Galactic bulge, obtained with the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Using our five bandpasses, we have defined reddening-free photometric indices sensitive to stellar effective temperature and metallicity. We find that the bulge populations resemble those formed via classical dissipative collapse: each field is dominated by an old (~10 Gyr) population exhibiting a wide metallicity range (-1.5 < [Fe/H] < 0.5). We detect a metallicity gradient in the bulge population, with the fraction of stars at super-solar metallicities dropping from 41% to 35% over distances from the Galactic center ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 kpc. One field includes candidate exoplanet hosts discovered in the SWEEPS HST transit survey. Our measurements for 11 of these hosts demonstrate that exoplanets in the distinct bulge environment are preferentially found around high-metallicity stars, as in the solar neighborhood, supporting the view that planets form more readily in metal-rich environments.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Latex, 5 pages, ApJ forma