Multi-host disease management: the why and the how to include wildlife

<p>In recent years, outbreaks caused by multi-host pathogens (MHP) have posed a serious challenge to public and animal health authorities. The frequent implication of wildlife in such disease systems and a lack of guidelines for mitigating these diseases within wild animal populations partially explain why the outbreaks are particularly challenging. To face these challenges, the French Ministry of Agriculture launched a multi-disciplinary group of experts that set out to discuss the main wildlife specific concepts in the management of MHP disease outbreaks and how to integrate wildlife in the disease management process. This position paper structures the primary specific concepts of wildlife disease management, as identified by the working group. It is designed to lay out these concepts for a wide audience of public and/or animal health officers who are not necessarily familiar with wildlife diseases. The group's discussions generated a possible roadmap for the management of MHP diseases. This roadmap is presented as a cycle for which the main successive step are: step 1-descriptive studies and monitoring; step 2-risk assessment; step 3-management goals; step 4-management actions and step 5-assessment of the management plan. In order to help choose the most adapted management actions for all involved epidemiological units, we integrated a decision-making framework (presented as a spreadsheet). This tool and the corresponding guidelines for disease management are designed to be used by public and health authorities when facing MHP disease outbreaks. These proposals are meant as an initial step towards a harmonized transboundary outbreak response framework that integrates current scientific understanding adapted to practical intervention.</p

Cirque /Machine.Circus as a space Machine

Au début des années 90, la ville industrielle de Bilbao ayant subi une crise économique, mise sur l’impact de l'édification du Guggenheim pour relancer la capitale basque. Ce projet envisage la possibilité inverse. L’architecture est mouvante, le spectateur ne l’est plus. Le cirque héberge un système de représentation ainsi qu’un système de logement. Il est une machine dynamique et autonome, qui anime les régions du Rhin arpentées sur toute sa longueur. Son parcours est séquencé par de multiples représentations réalisées dans 27 villes de tailles variées. Le bâtiment déploie mécaniquement des éléments structurels et de couverture sur cette surface lisse aqueuse. Le cirque flottant est non seulement la solution au transport des artistes et du matériel, mais également une réponse à la question de l’implantation des cirques en ville. La procession d’une telle architecture jusqu’au quai remplace les parades de rue. Il abrite un monde bouillonnant, rythmé, cadencé. Un système de communication sonore et lumineux lui permet d’avertir les populations de sa venue et de plonger les futurs spectateurs dans l’univers du spectacle. C’est cette effervescence qui active les provinces parcourues. Lors de ces trajets, mais aussi après s’être déployé, le cirque continue d’illuminer les différentes régions. L’itinérance d’une telle architecture implique différents états dans le temps: en parade lorsqu’il est en mouvement et en représentation lorsqu’il est statique

Antibiotic sensitivity patterns and conjugative transferability of drug resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from rectal swabs taken from De La Salle University students

Escherichia coli was isolated from students of De La Salle University. The isolates were studied for their antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the conjugative transferability of resistance to the following test antibiotics, namely: ampicillin, cephalothin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, kanamycin, and nalidixic acid. Of the 73 isolates collected from rectal swabs taken from De La Salle University students, 36 (49.32%) were shown to be resistant to 1 13.70 % were resistant to 2 16.44% were resistant to 3 2.74 were resistant to 4 1.37 % were resistant to 5 and 0 % were resistant to 6 of the test antibiotics. Among the 8 isolates that were tested for the conjugative transferability of their antibiotic resistance, 7 (87.50%) effected complete transfer of their resistance genes while one (12.50 %) transferred only the resistance to one drug. Resistance to cephalothin and cotrimoxazole were not transferred in the isolate

Webinar - Planes de respuesta a emergencias para Peste Porcina Africana

Participantes: Etienne Bonbon, representante de Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Ana Marisa Cordero, representante IICA. Ericka Calderon, representante IICA. Andres Gonzalez, Representante FAO.El objetivo es brindar información a los países de América y el Caribe sobre elementos que un plan de vigilancia en PPA debe contener. Además de aprender de las lecciones aprendidas de otros países, los procesos de preparación, validación y actualización de los planes de respuesta a emergencias para PPA

Intensification des systèmes d’élevage et risques pandémiques

International audienceThe supposed link between the intensification of livestock production and the increasing frequency of emerging human diseases with a pandemic potential is one of the major controversies affecting the global food system. Domestic animals have contributed to the appearance of some major human diseases and are the reservoir or intermediary host of several recently emerged zoonoses. However, the impact of practices associated with the intensification of livestock production on human health has yet to be determined objectively. The concentration of animals in high density in increasingly large breeding structures, as well as the growing intensity of flows of live animals at the national and international levels, constitute well established risk factors. On the other hand, the intensification of animal husbandry can lead to a reduction in the risks of emergence at the interface between wildlife, livestock and humans, through enhanced application of biosecurity measures and controls on farming practices and commercial networks, although this evolution strongly depends on the socioeconomic context specific to each country or region.Le lien supposé entre intensification des productions animales et fréquence grandissante des maladies humaines émergentes à potentiel pandémique est une des controverses majeures qui touchent le système alimentaire mondial. Historiquement, les animaux domestiques ont contribué à l’apparition de maladies humaines majeures et sont le réservoir ou l’hôte intermédiaire de plusieurs zoonoses émergentes. Cependant, l’impact des pratiques associées à l’intensification des productions animales sur la santé humaine reste à déterminer avec objectivité. La concentration des animaux en forte densité dans des structures d’élevage de plus en plus grandes, de même que l’intensité croissante des flux d’animaux vivants aux échelles nationale et internationale constituent des facteurs de risque avérés. Cependant, l’intensification de l’élevage peut aussi conduire à une diminution des risques d’émergence à l’interface faune sauvage–faune domestique–humains, grâce à la généralisation des mesures de biosécurité et à l’encadrement des pratiques d’élevage et des réseaux commerciaux, une évolution très dépendante du contexte socio-économique propre à chaque pays et région

Rift Valley fever, Mauritania, 2020: Lessons from a one health approach

International audienceA new outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) occurred in Mauritania from September to November 2020, involving 78 reported human cases and 186 reported animal cases. Eleven out of the 13 regions of the country were affected by the epidemic, with the highest number of both human and animal cases in Tagant, Assaba and Brakna regions. The most affected animal species in this outbreak was camels, followed by small ruminants. Among the 10 mosquito species caught, 7 species, Culex poicilipes, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. antennatus, Cx. univitattus, Aedes vexans, Mansonia africana and Ma. uniformis, are known to be involved in the transmission of RVF virus. Phylogenetic analyses based on the partial NSs gene revealed close proximity between the human/animal Mauritania 2020 viral strains and the Mauritania 2015/Niger 2016 strains, suggesting re-emergence of the RVF virus in the country since the last reported outbreak in 2015

Multi-host disease management: The why and the how to include wildlife

<p>In recent years, outbreaks caused by multi-host pathogens (MHP) have posed a serious challenge to public and animal health authorities. The frequent implication of wildlife in such disease systems and a lack of guidelines for mitigating these diseases within wild animal populations partially explain why the outbreaks are particularly challenging. To face these challenges, the French Ministry of Agriculture launched a multi-disciplinary group of experts that set out to discuss the main wildlife specific concepts in the management of MHP disease outbreaks and how to integrate wildlife in the disease management process. This position paper structures the primary specific concepts of wildlife disease management, as identified by the working group. It is designed to lay out these concepts for a wide audience of public and/or animal health officers who are not necessarily familiar with wildlife diseases. The group's discussions generated a possible roadmap for the management of MHP diseases. This roadmap is presented as a cycle for which the main successive step are: step 1-descriptive studies and monitoring; step 2-risk assessment; step 3-management goals; step 4-management actions and step 5-assessment of the management plan. In order to help choose the most adapted management actions for all involved epidemiological units, we integrated a decision-making framework (presented as a spreadsheet). This tool and the corresponding guidelines for disease management are designed to be used by public and health authorities when facing MHP disease outbreaks. These proposals are meant as an initial step towards a harmonized transboundary outbreak response framework that integrates current scientific understanding adapted to practical intervention.</p

Multi-host disease management: The why and the how to include wildlife

<p>In recent years, outbreaks caused by multi-host pathogens (MHP) have posed a serious challenge to public and animal health authorities. The frequent implication of wildlife in such disease systems and a lack of guidelines for mitigating these diseases within wild animal populations partially explain why the outbreaks are particularly challenging. To face these challenges, the French Ministry of Agriculture launched a multi-disciplinary group of experts that set out to discuss the main wildlife specific concepts in the management of MHP disease outbreaks and how to integrate wildlife in the disease management process. This position paper structures the primary specific concepts of wildlife disease management, as identified by the working group. It is designed to lay out these concepts for a wide audience of public and/or animal health officers who are not necessarily familiar with wildlife diseases. The group's discussions generated a possible roadmap for the management of MHP diseases. This roadmap is presented as a cycle for which the main successive step are: step 1-descriptive studies and monitoring; step 2-risk assessment; step 3-management goals; step 4-management actions and step 5-assessment of the management plan. In order to help choose the most adapted management actions for all involved epidemiological units, we integrated a decision-making framework (presented as a spreadsheet). This tool and the corresponding guidelines for disease management are designed to be used by public and health authorities when facing MHP disease outbreaks. These proposals are meant as an initial step towards a harmonized transboundary outbreak response framework that integrates current scientific understanding adapted to practical intervention.</p