Gravitational Redshift of Emission Lines in the AGN Spectra

The detection of gravitationally redshifted optical emission lines has been reported just for a few active galaxies. In this paper we give a short overview of studies that analyzed or exploited the detection of the gravitational redshift in optical AGN spectra. In addition, we tested the consistency of gravitational redshift as the physical origin of the redward shifts observed in their spectra using a sample of $\approx$ 50 Hamburg-ESO intermediate to high redshift quasars that are among the most luminous quasars known ($10^{47} \lesssim L \lesssim 10^{48}$ erg/s), and are expected to host very massive black holes. To this aim we modeled the line profile with accretion disk models around a black hole.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 3 table

»Kje smo!? V Evropi ali v Albaniji?« Regionalizem v Dhërmiju/Drimadesu v južni Albaniji

This paper illustrates and explains how the villagers of Dhërmi/Drimades in Southern Albania envision and shape “their” place as a distinct region in relation to the European Union’s regional policies. Special attention is given to the local discourses about the inclusion and/or exclusion of the village space into and from the European Union, which is often referred to by the notion of Europe or Europi/Europa. The paper aims to explore the ways in which local people construct their regional identity and how they discuss it in their everyday lives. It questions the influences of historical, social, cultural, political and economic changes in postcommunist Albania on people’s perceptions of modernity, which they axiomatically link with “Europe” or the “West”. The paper argues that the local people of Dhërmi/Drimades negotiate their social and spatial boundaries and thus reconstruct their regional identity and belonging through debates about modernity and modernisation.Prispevek predstavi in analizira načine, skozi katere vaščani Dhërmija/Drimadesa v južni Albaniji vzpostavljajo »svoj« kraj kot distinktivno regijo in jo definirajo v soodvisnosti z regionalno politiko Evropske unije. Vsebina članka se osredotoči na lokalne diskurze o vključenosti in/ali izključenosti vaškega prostora v Evropsko unijo ali iz nje, oz. Europi/Europa kot jo naslavljajo številni vaščani. Pod drobnogled so postavljeni debate in pogajanja, skozi katere domačini vzpostavljajo regionalno identiteto. Kako zgodovinske, kulturne, politične in ekonomske spremembe v postkomunistični Albaniji vplivajo na lokalne predstave o modernosti, ki jo domačini aksiomatično povezujejo z »Evropo« ali »Zahodom«, predstavlja eno izmed osrednjih vprašanj. Avtorica trdi, da debate o modernosti, modernizaciji in potovanjih vzporedno z družbenimi in prostorskimi razmejevanji predstavljajo pomemben del identitetnih procesov, skozi katere domačini Dhërmija/Drimadesa pogajajo in poustvarjajo regionalnost in pripadnost vasi ali regiji

AGN Broad Line Region variability in the context of Eigenvector 1: case of NGC 5548

Many active galactic nuclei (AGN) show strong variability of the optical continuum. Since the line flux, profile shapes and intensity ratios are changing, we analyze the variability patterns and possible periodicity of Type 1 AGN NGC 5548, using the Eigenvector 1 (EV1) diagram in different variability states, taking advantage of very long term monitoring campaign data. The preliminary results suggest that NGC 5548 - a highly variable object that over several decades has shown large amplitude continuum fluctuations and flaring behavior - remains Pop B. This means that the range in Eddington ratio, even when the source is in a bright state, remains consistent with the value of the low accreting Pop B. We inspected EV 1 parameters of a single object though long term monitoring, assuming an inclination and black hole mass to be constant during the observational time. Our results imply that the main driver for the variations along the EV 1 diagram could be dimensionless accretion rate. If so, then it appears that the source never crossed the boundary for structural changes, indicatively placed at $L/L_{Edd} \sim$ 0.2.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Scienc

Poti Kuçedre: Pomeni vode in naplavljanje avtoritete v današnji Albaniji

The article takes the reader along the multitude of entanglements between the social, political, economic, infrastructural, scientific, and mythological meanings of water in Albania. Waterways, along with the routes of the mythical water figure called Kuçedra, continuously bring to the shore the meaning and the relation to authority. The latter used to be an essential part of the unwritten laws or the so-called Kanuns that were managed by the big men of particular patrilines. The article argues that the relation to authority is deeply rooted in the structural terrains of the Albanian society. The changing nature of the water (in similar ways to Kuçedra) always manages to trickle down, permeate, entangle and transgress these ambiguities and generate space-time in contemporary Albania.Besedilo vodi bralca preko in skozi mnogotera družbena, politična, ekonomska, infrastrukturna, znanstvena in mitološka prežemanja in opomenjanja vode in vodnih okolij v Albaniji. Ta skupaj s potmi mitološkega vodnega bitja Kuçedre vedno znova naplavljajo pomen in odnos do avtoritete, ki sta v obdobju Otomanskega imperija tvorila pomemben del tradicionalnih nezapisanih zakonikov, t. i. kanunov, ki so jih urejale in vodile staroste oz. avtoritete posamičnih potomskih skupin. Pomen in odnos do avtoritete sta še dandanes navzoči v strukturnih podmenah in miselnih matricah albanske družbe. Te prežemajo pomen in odnos do vode, ki preliva, preplavlja in premošča meje med naravo in kulturo, virom in sredstvom oz. resursom ter tvori čas in prostor v današnji Albaniji

Vzpostavljanje lokalnosti in lastnine v Dhërmiju/Drimadesu, južna Albanija

The paper concentrates on the meaning of “rootedness” or locality in one of the southern Albanian villages, Dhërmi (official, Albanian name) or Drimades (local, Greek name) and question its relatedness to land and property. Nowadays with the process of privatisation which often involves land conflicts the meaning of locality is becoming conditioned with individual claims for land ownership. The paper illustrates how the villagers who are “on the move” negotiate, manage and contest their locality through which they seek to ensure their ownership and property and vice versa. Based on the fourteen months of fieldwork in the mentioned village I particularly focus on the returnees who own the tourist facilities on the village’s coastal plain and the emigrants who continue to regularly return to their natal village Dhërmi/Drimades. I argue that when expressing their feelings of locality and belonging, people continuously reconstruct their past in order to reassure their present, reconstitute and corroborate their ties to the land, create order to control their own labour, products and income and negotiate their sense of mastery.Avtorica v prispevku raziskuje pomene »ukoreninjenosti« ali lokalnosti v južnoalbanski vasi Dhërmi (uradno albansko ime) oziroma Drimades (lokalno grško ime) in se sprašuje o razmerju med lokalnostjo ter zemljo in lastnino. S sodobnimi procesi privatizacije, ki pogosto povzročajo zemljiške spore, pa so začele na lokalnost vplivati individualne zahteve po zemljiški lastnini. V članku opiše in pojasni, kako se vaščani, ki nenehno potujejo in se selijo, odzivajo in kako upravljajo in ustvarjajo lokalnost in pripadnost ter si na ta način zagotavljajo zemljiško lastnino, in obratno. Avtorica se na podlagi štirinajstmesečnega antropološkega terenskega dela v omenjeni vasi osredotoča na domačine, povratnike in lastnike turističnih storitev na vaški obali ter izseljence, ki se vsako leto v poletnih mesecih vrnejo v vas. Predpostavlja, da ko domačini in povratniki razvijajo občutke lokalnosti in pripadnosti, nenehno rekonstruirajo in utrjujejo vezi z zemljo in lastnino, vzpostavljajo nadzor nad delom, produkti in dohodki, določajo prevlado nad zemljo ter ustvarjajo pomen lastnine

Prostori neskladij

This monograph is about the ongoing, unstable reconstruction of spaces and places in the village of Dhërmi/Drimades of southern Albania. It is based on twelve months of anthropological field research in that village. Particular consideration is given to the process of reconfiguration and redefinition of the meanings that pertain to the village and its people. The monograph focuses on local peoples’ biographies, oral histories, rhetorical claims, and their everyday discourses, through which it is shown how the meanings of the village are reconstructed through interrelations of the locals with other people and places. The underlying theme is the continuity of movements and interrelations through which the local people of Dhërmi/Drimades recreate and reproduce the sense of locatedness of “their” village and themselves.Monografija se ukvarja z antropološkimi vprašanji nenehne in nestabilne rekonstrukcije prostora in kraja v vasi Dhërmi/Dimades v južni Albaniji. Podrobneje so preučeni procesi rekonfiguracije in redefinicije pomenov, ki se nanašajo na vas in njene prebivalce. Prevladujoča tema je raziskovanje načinov, kako ljudje skozi proces nenehnih potovanj, selitev in stikov z drugimi ljudmi in kraji poustvarjajo in reproducirajo položaj vasi, kakor tudi njihovo lastno umeščenost v vasi. Delo osvetli pomen prostorskih konceptov kot so prostor, kraj, lokacija in pokrajina ter raziskuje njihovo povezanost z identitetnimi procesi. Na sodoben in inovativen način obravnava aktualne družbenopolitične probleme pripadnosti, identitetnih premen in poustvarjanja nacionalnih idej v jugovzhodni Evropi

Kartiranje in vzpostavljanje prostorov v Dermiju/Drimadesu v južni Albaniji

Prispevek obravnava koncept prostora oz. prostorov in proces njihovega vzpostavljanja v Dermiju/Drimadesu v južni Albaniji. Z vsebino kratkih biografij štirih pripovedovalcev in njihovih zgodb ponazarja, kako pripovedovalci v spominjanju na selitve in potovanja v različne kraje, nenehno kartirajo poti. Te razmejujejo, zamejujejo in po-ustvarjajo prostore, znotraj katerih pripovedovalci opredeljujejo svojo pripadnost. *** The paper discusses the concept of space or spaces and the process of their construction and reconstruction in Dhermi/Drimades, Southern Albanija. Short biographies of four story-tellers and their stories are introduced. The analysis of their contents illustrates how the story-tellers in remembering the movements and travelling of their ancestors continuously map the trajectories. These trajectories construct, deconstruct and reconstruct the boundaries that define the spaces whithin which the story-tellers constitute their belonging

Iz postkomunistične »tranzicije« na »prag Evrope«? Evroorientalizmi v južni Albaniji

Prispevek pojasnjuje, kako sta termin tranzicija, ki je bil še do nedavnega pogost v političnem in medijskem diskurzu kot tudi v vsakdanjih pogovorih ljudi v Albaniji, nadomestila izraza Evropa in/ali EU. V številnih pogovorih in diskurzih sta pogosto sinonimna, njun pomen pa implicira modernost, družbeni in ekonomski razvoj ter splošno blaginjo. Prek diskurzivnega mehanizma »evroorientalizmov« članek prikaže, kako posamezniki z vizijami in podobami o Evropi in EU pogosto nadomeščajo negotovo in nepredvidljivo sedanjost ter nenehno opredeljujejo zgodovinski in politični položaj Albanije na simbolnem zemljevidu Evrope. Njen položaj kot tudi položaj Evrope sta tako pomnožena in se redefinirata. Pomenska vrzel »Evrope« se polni z dvoumji, ki na eni strani izražajo »željo po Evropi«, na drugi pa »obrambo pred ne-Evropo«. Drsenje med Evropo in ne-Evropo oz. med središčem in obrobjem ustvarja Albanijo kot »relativno lokacijo«, ki v simbolni geografiji nikoli ni trdna in določena, temveč prej spremenljiva. *** Nowadays, the term transition that was seldom used in the political and media discourse as well as in the daily talk of people living in Albania is substituted with the term Europe or EU. According to peoples' conversations and discourses both terms are often used as synonyms and their meanings pertain to modernity, social and economic development and general well being. With the reference to the discursive mechanism of »euroorientalisms« this paper illustrates and explains how peoples' feelings of uncertain and unsure present are replaced with their imaginaries and visions of Europe and EU and how these imaginaries are continuously shifting the historical and political location of Albania on the symbolic map of Europe. The location of Albania as well as Europe multiplies as it is redefined. The meaning of Europe is filled with ambiguities pertaining to the wish of »accession to Europe« on the one hand and the »defence against non- Europe« on the other. Continuous shifting between Europe and non-Europe or between centre and periphery constitutes Albania as a »relative location«, which is never fixed and static but rather changing

Materialna življenja in potovanja žensk v Dhërmiju/Drimadesu, južna Albanija

In the past decade, numerous migration studies have explored the phenomenon of mass migrations in Albania. Only a few of them have focused on the role of women in these processes. The article discusses their role and meaning through the material flows between women migrants from Dhërmi/Drimades and their husbands who stay behind in their natal village in southern Albania. Material flows are not only emblems but also agents of migrant worlds as they contribute to the formation of transnational marriages that are necessary for the construction of material flows. Material flows form a part of recipro- cal relations as they preserve and reconstruct marriage and social relationships in general. They act as insurance policies and reaffirm the habitation and the dynamic presence of the absent women migrants.V zadnjem desetletju so številne raziskave migracij osvetlile fenomen množičnih izseljevanj iz Albanije, vendar se jih je doslej le nekaj osredotočilo na vlogo žensk v teh procesih. Članek obravnava vlogo in pomen žensk skozi materialne tokove med migrantkami iz Dhërmija/Drimadesa v južni Albaniji in njihovimi možmi, ki ostajajo v rodni vasi. Materialni tokovi niso le emblemi, pač pa tudi dejavni agensi migrantskih svetov, saj prispevajo k oblikovanju transnacionalnih zakonskih zvez, nujnih za vzpostavi- tev in vzdrževanje materialnih tokov. Tokovi so del širših recipročnih menjav, vzdržujejo in poustvarjajo zakonske zveze in širše družbene odnose ter delujejo kot zavarovalne police, saj utrjujejo bivanje in dinamično prisotnost odsotnih migrantk