Multifractal analysis of vertical total electron content (VTEC) at equatorial region and low latitude, during low solar activity

This paper analyses the multifractal aspects of the GPS data (measured during a period of low solar activity) obtained from two Brazilian stations: Belém (01.3° S, 48.3° W) and São José dos Campos (SJC) (23.2° S, 45.9° W). The results show that the respective geographic sites show important scaling differences as well as similarities when their multifractal signatures for vertical total electron content (VTEC) are compared. The <I>f</I>(&alpha;) spectra have a narrow shape for great scales, which indicates the predominance of deterministic phenomena, such as solar rotation (27 days) over intermittent phenomena. Furthermore, the <I>f</I>(&alpha;) spectra for both sites have a strong multifractality degree at small scales. This strong multifractality degree observed at small scales (1 to 12 h) at both sites is because the ionosphere over Brazil is a non-equilibrium system. The differences found were that Belém presented a stronger multifractality at small scales (1 h to 12 h) compared with SJC, particularly in 2006. The reason for this behaviour may be associated with the location of Belém, near the geomagnetic equator, where at this location the actions of X-rays, ultraviolet, and another wavelength from the Sun are more direct, strong, and constant throughout the whole year. Although the SJC site is near ionospheric equatorial anomaly (IEA) peaks, this interpretation could explain the higher values found for the intermittent parameter μ for Belém compared with SJC. Belém also showed the presence of one or two flattening regions for <I>f</I>(&alpha;) spectra at the same scales mentioned before. These differences and similarities also were interpreted in terms of the IEA content, where this phenomenon is an important source of intermittence due the presence of the VTEC peaks at ±20° geomagnetic latitudes

Biologia de Anastrepha grandis (Macquart, 1846) (Diptera: Tephritidae) sob diferentes temperaturas.

O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito de temperaturas constantes sobre a biologia de adultos de A. grandis

Development of Anastrepha grandis (Diptera: Tephritidae) under constant temperatures and field validation of a laboratory model for temperature requirements.

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Ocupação de manchas florestais no Pantanal por duas espécies de roedores: Clyomys laticeps e Thrichomys pachyurus.

A fragmentação e a perda de habitat afetam de diferentes maneiras as comunidades biológicas. os efeitos variam muito de espécie para espécie, com algumas sendo extintas enquanto outras são beneficiadas. Tendo em vista o mosaico vegetacional que caracteriza a paisagem no Pantanal, o presente estudo relacionou o tamanho e o isolamento médio das manchas florestais à probabilidade de ocupação por duas espécies de roedores: Clyomys laticeps (Thomas, 1841) e Thrichomys pachyurus (Wagner, 1845)

Influence of the Location of the Internal Temperature Control Loop on the Performance of the Dual Temperature Control for Feed Temperature Disturbance

A control strategy with distributed corrective action for distillation has been proposed and consists of a conventional dual temperature control combined with an additional column tray. In this work, we evaluated the influence of the location of this internal loop as part of the new proposal, compared to a conventional system. Tests were carried out in a 13-column tray distillation equipment and feed temperature was disturbed. Two different column trays from the stripping section were used (11 and 12) for internal decentralized temperature control, each one separately, plus the dual control of top and bottom temperatures. The results demonstrated that this proposed control approach with distributed corrective action is faster than the conventional one, regardless of the column tray in use. It was also determined that the internal loop close to the feed (disturbance) is more interesting as a way to minimize transients

Separação de nicho entre duas espécies simpátricas de veados do gênero mazama em uma paisagem complexa no Pantanal.

O veado mateiro (Mazama americana) e veado catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) são espécies simpátricas no Pantanal. Algumas publicações indicam que há uma considerável sobreposição na dieta destas espécies, assim, como no uso de habitat. Neste trabalho, utilizamos modelagem de ocupação para verificar diferenças no uso de habitats bem como para avaliar se as espécies se evitam. The red brocket (Mazama americana) and the gray brocket (Mazama gouazoubira) deer are sympatric species in the Pantanal. Some publications indicate a considerable diet overlap by these species, as well as in the habitat use. In this study we used occupancy modelling to verify differences in habitat use, as well as to evaluate if these species avoid each other

Is SAPS 3 better than APACHE II at predicting mortality in critically ill transplant patients?

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the accuracy of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 with that of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II at predicting hospital mortality in patients from a transplant intensive care unit. METHOD: A total of 501 patients were enrolled in the study (152 liver transplants, 271 kidney transplants, 54 lung transplants, 24 kidney-pancreas transplants) between May 2006 and January 2007. The Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 was calculated using the global equation (customized for South America) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score; the scores were calculated within 24 hours of admission. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was generated, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was calculated to identify the patients at the greatest risk of death according to Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used for statistically significant results and indicated a difference in performance over deciles. The standardized mortality ratio was used to estimate the overall model performance. RESULTS: The ability of both scores to predict hospital mortality was poor in the liver and renal transplant groups and average in the lung transplant group (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0.696 for Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and 0.670 for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II). The calibration of both scores was poor, even after customizing the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 score for South America. CONCLUSIONS: The low predictive accuracy of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores does not warrant the use of these scores in critically ill transplant patients

Anastrepha grandis: bioecologia e manejo.

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Precise phylogenetic analysis of microbial isolates and genomes from metagenomes using PhyloPhlAn 3.0

Microbial genomes are available at an ever-increasing pace, as cultivation and sequencing become cheaper and obtaining metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) becomes more effective. Phylogenetic placement methods to contextualize hundreds of thousands of genomes must thus be efficiently scalable and sensitive from closely related strains to divergent phyla. We present PhyloPhlAn 3.0, an accurate, rapid, and easy-to-use method for large-scale microbial genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis at multiple levels of resolution. PhyloPhlAn 3.0 can assign genomes from isolate sequencing or MAGs to species-level genome bins built from >230,000 publically available sequences. For individual clades of interest, it reconstructs strain-level phylogenies from among the closest species using clade-specific maximally informative markers. At the other extreme of resolution, it scales to large phylogenies comprising >17,000 microbial species. Examples including Staphylococcus aureus isolates, gut metagenomes, and meta-analyses demonstrate the ability of PhyloPhlAn 3.0 to support genomic and metagenomic analyses

FISH in analysis of gamma ray-induced micronuclei formation in barley

A micronucleus test in combination with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using telomere-, centromere-specific probes and 5S and 25S rDNA was used for a detailed analysis of the effects of gamma ray irradiation on the root tip meristem cells of barley, Hordeum vulgare (2n = 14). FISH with four DNA probes was used to examine the involvement of specific chromosomes or chromosome fragments in gamma ray-induced micronuclei formation and then to explain their origin. Additionally, a comparison of the possible origin of the micronuclei induced by physical and chemical treatment: maleic hydrazide (MH) and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) was done. The micronuclei induced by gamma ray could originate from acentric fragments after chromosome breakage or from whole lagging chromosomes as a result of a dysfunction of the mitotic apparatus. No micronuclei containing only centromeric signals were found. An application of rDNA as probes allowed it to be stated that 5S rDNA–bearing chromosomes are involved in micronuclei formation more often than NOR chromosomes. This work allowed the origin of physically- and chemically-induced micronuclei in barley cells to be compared: the origin of micronuclei was most often from terminal fragments. FISH confirmed its usefulness in the characterization of micronuclei content, as well as in understanding and comparing the mechanisms of the actions of mutagens applied in plant genotoxicity