Delay Mitigation Using Link State Dynamic Routing Protocol Techniques

Wireless network is a new standard specifically designed for real-time and reliable communication between sensors and sink devices for industrial process monitoring and control applications. End-to-end communication delay analysis for Wireless networks is required to determine the schedulability of real-time data flows from sensors to sink for the purpose of acceptance test or workload adjustment in response to network dynamics. In this paper, a network model is considered that is based on Wireless, and maps the scheduling of real-time periodic data flows in the network to real-time multiprocessor scheduling. We then exploit the response time analysis for multiprocessor scheduling and propose a novel method for the delay analysis that establishes an upper bound of the end-to-end communication delay of each real-time flow in the network. Simulation studies based on both random topologies and real network topologies of a node physical wireless sensor network test demonstrate that our analysis provides safe and reasonably tight upper bounds of the end-to-end delays of real-time flows, and hence enables effective schedulability tests for Wireless networks

Sustainable Catalytic Process for Synthesis of Triethyl Citrate Plasticizer over Phosphonated USY Zeolite

Fruits wastage is harmful to health and environment concerning spreading diseases and soil pollution, respectively. To avoid this issue, use of citrus fruit waste for the production of citric acid (CA) is one of viable mean to obtain value added chemicals. Moreover, synthesis of triethyl citrate (TEC), a non-toxic plasticizer by esterification of CA with ethanol over heterogeneous catalyst would be renewable and sustainable catalytic process. In this context, parent Ultrastable Y (USY) and different percentage phosphonated USY (P-USY) zeolites were used for the synthesis of TEC in a closed batch reactor, for the first time. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by N2-adsorption desorption isotherm, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NH3 temperature programmed desorption (TPD. Effect of reaction conditions, such as the molar ratio of ethanol to CA (5:1 - 20:1), the catalyst to CA ratio (0.05 - 0.25) and reaction temperature (363-403 K), were studied in view to maximizing CA conversion and TEC yield. Phosphonated USY catalysts were found to be superior in activity (CA conversion and TEC yield) than parent USY, which is attributed to the increased in total acidity with phosphonation. Among the studied catalysts, the P2USY (2% phosphorous loaded on USY) was found to be an optimum catalyst with 99% CA conversion and 82% TEC yield, which is higher than the reported values. This study opens new avenues of research demonstrating principles of green chemistry such as easy separable and reusable catalyst, non-toxic product, bio-renewable synthetic route, milder operating parameters and waste minimization.

Cost Effectiveness and Flexibility of Reverse Logistics for Consumables and Raw Material: An Empirical Investigation

The modern supply chain management is witnessing a radical transformation as an effect of competitive strategy. The raw material supplier as well as consumable suppliers often faces the situation of their product return. We conducted a recent survey from the raw material, consumable suppliers and the manufacturing units for examining reverse logistics performance in terms of cost effectiveness and flexibility. This study focuses on finding the relationship between the independent variables and the cost and flexibility as performance indicators of reverse logistics. The result of this study provides a template guideline for designing a cost effective and flexible reverse logistics program

A rare presentation of neurofibromatosis 2 as quadriparesis

Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a complex genetic disorder primarily recognized for its characteristic tumors affecting the nervous system and skin. We present an exceptional case of a patient diagnosed with NF type 2, exhibiting an atypical clinical manifestation-quadriplegia. This case underscores the rarity of such a presentation, as NF typically presents with neurocutaneous features such as café-au-lait macules, neurofibromas, and meningiomas. Our patient, a 46-year-old male, presented with gradual onset quadriplegia without any preceding symptoms of NF. Radiological evaluation revealed meningiomas as well as extensive spinal neurofibromas compressing the spinal cord. This case exemplifies the importance of considering NF as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with unexpected neurological deficits. Timely recognition and management of such cases are crucial for preventing irreversible neurological damage. This report adds to the growing body of knowledge regarding the diverse clinical presentations of NF and emphasizes the need for comprehensive assessment and multidisciplinary collaboration in managing this intricate disorder within the realm of medicine

Ocean acidification has impacted coral growth on the great barrier reef

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 47(19), (2020): e2019GL086761, doi:10.1029/2019GL086761.Ocean acidification (OA) reduces the concentration of seawater carbonate ions that stony corals need to produce their calcium carbonate skeletons and is considered a significant threat to the functional integrity of coral reef ecosystems. However, detection and attribution of OA impact on corals in nature are confounded by concurrent environmental changes, including ocean warming. Here we use a numerical model to isolate the effects of OA and temperature and show that OA alone has caused 13 ± 3% decline in the skeletal density of massive Porites corals on the Great Barrier Reef since 1950. This OA‐induced thinning of coral skeletons, also evident in Porites from the South China Sea but not in the central Pacific, reflects enhanced acidification of reef water relative to the surrounding open ocean. Our finding reinforces concerns that even corals that might survive multiple heatwaves are structurally weakened and increasingly vulnerable to the compounding effects of climate change.This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE‐1737311), the Robertson Foundation, the Tiffany & Co. Foundation, the Atlantic Donor Advised Fund, the Investment in Science Fund and The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The data generated in this study are included in the Supporting Information (Data Sets S1–S3) and are also being archived at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)‐Paleoclimatology Data repository.2021-02-2

Short-term safety and beneficial effects of hydroxyurea therapy in children with sickle cell disease

Introduction: Worldwide, sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hemoglobinopathy among which SS pattern is more common. Although hydroxyurea (HU) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of recurrent moderate-to-severe painful crises in pediatric sickle cell anemia, there is a fear of toxicities. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the short-term safety and beneficial effects of low-dose HU therapy in SCD (SS pattern) children. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 40 cases of severe SCD and started HU in a fixed dose of 10 mg/kg/day. During follow-up, cases were evaluated for compliance of HU, its toxic effects and adverse events from their histories, clinical examinations, and laboratory parameters. Furthermore, beneficial effects of HU therapy were evaluated by assessing blood transfusion rate, frequency of painful events, strokes, acute chest syndrome, avascular necrosis of femur, and estimation of hemoglobin F (HbF) level after 2 years of therapy. HU was discontinued temporarily if any toxicity or minor adverse drug events occurred during therapy and was restarted at the same dose after normalization of deranged laboratory parameters. Results: The clinical adverse drug events seen were nausea (8.33%), diarrhea (2.78%), and hematuria (2.78%). The most common hematological toxicity was anemia and thrombocytopenia. Renal and hepatic toxicities were transient in nature. The mean acute painful events and blood transfusion rate reduced significantly on HU therapy. It increased Hb and HbF level significantly in SCD children. Conclusion: HU is a safe drug without significant toxicity or adverse events in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for short duration and it is beneficial in SCD (SS pattern) children in reducing acute painful events and decrease blood transfusion rate

Рутениевые катализаторы на углеродном носителе с контролируемым размером частиц для селективного гидрирования левулиновой кислоты в γ-валеролактон

Liquid phase levulinic acid hydrogenation into γ-valerolactone in 1,4-dioxane as a solvent (165°C, 20 bar) was studied over a range of Ru monometallic catalysts using mesoporous carbon material Sibunit as a support. In addition to the catalyst prepared by impregnation with RuCl3∙nH2O (0.1 M) followed by reduction in H2, size-controlled Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts were synthesized by immobilization of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized Ru nanoparticles (NPs) (dRu=2.4 nm). Сarbon supported colloidal Ru NPs were not studied earlier in levulinic acid hydrogenation. Activity of colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts was found to be lower than that of impregnated Ru/Sibunit which could be attributed to hampering effect of PVP. However, colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit purified by thermal treatment in air (180°C) followed by reduction in H2 (400°C) exhibited the same activity as impregnated one yielding 93% γ-valerolactone at 100% levulinic acid conversion. Applicability of supported PVP-assisted colloidal Ru NPs in hydrogenation of levulinic acid illustrates a potential to prepare more efficient catalysts for this reaction with a desired particle size. The catalysts were characterized by TEM, XRF, and N2 physisorption to compare their physical chemical propertiesЖидкофазное гидрирование левулиновой кислоты (ЛК) в γ-валеролактон (ГВЛ) было изучено в присутствии Ru на мезопористом углеродном носителе Сибунит (растворитель 1,4-диоксан, 165 °C, давление водорода 20 бар). Наряду с катализаторами, приготовленными методом пропитки раствором RuCl3 nH2O (0,1 М) с последующим восстановлением в Н2, были синтезированы катализаторы Ru/Сибунит с контролируемым размером частиц Ru путем иммобилизации стабилизированных поливинилпирролидоном (ПВП) наночастиц (НЧ) Ru (dRu 2,4 нм), ранее не исследованные в гидрировании ЛК. Показано, что активность коллоидных Ru(НЧ)/Сибунит ниже, чем у пропиточных, что может быть обусловлено блокирующим эффектом ПВП. Обработка на воздухе (180 °C) с последующим восстановлением в водороде (400 °C) приводит к увеличению активности Ru(НЧ)/Сибунит до активности пропиточного Ru/Сибунит с селективностью 93 % по ГВЛ при 100%-й конверсии ЛК. Эффективность ПВП- стабилизированных коллоидных НЧ Ru в гидрировании ЛК открывает возможность получения более эффективных катализаторов для этой реакции с контролируемым размером частиц. Катализаторы изучены методами ПЭМ, РФлА и адсорбции азот

Valorisation of Biowastes for the Production of Green Materials Using Chemical Methods

With crude oil reserves dwindling, the hunt for a sustainable alternative feedstock for fuels and materials for our society continues to expand. The biorefinery concept has enjoyed both a surge in popularity and also vocal opposition to the idea of diverting food-grade land and crops for this purpose. The idea of using the inevitable wastes arising from biomass processing, particularly farming and food production, is, therefore, gaining more attention as the feedstock for the biorefinery. For the three main components of biomass—carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins—there are long-established processes for using some of these by-products. However, the recent advances in chemical technologies are expanding both the feedstocks available for processing and the products that be obtained. Herein, this review presents some of the more recent developments in processing these molecules for green materials, as well as case studies that bring these technologies and materials together into final products for applied usage