20 research outputs found

    Prévention des effets secondaires de l'oxaliplatine par une approche pharmacogénétique

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    L oxaliplatine est un agent anticancĂ©reux Ă  marge thĂ©rapeutique Ă©troite, principalement administrĂ© en traitement d un cancer du colon, rectum ou du pancrĂ©as, et dont la toxicitĂ© limitante est une neuropathie pĂ©riphĂ©rique. En vue de prĂ©venir cet effet indĂ©sirable, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© la possible corrĂ©lation entre la prĂ©sence des mutations A1142G et C154T sur le gĂšne codant l alanine:glyoxylate aminotransfĂ©rase (AGXT), et l apparition de neurotoxicitĂ©s pĂ©riphĂ©riques au cours d un traitement par oxaliplatine. Un dĂ©ficit fonctionnel de cet enzyme qui transforme le glyoxylate en glycine, consĂ©quence possible des mutations citĂ©es prĂ©cĂ©demment, pourrait engendrer une accumulation d oxalate dans l organisme et, par suite des neurotoxicitĂ©s aiguĂ«s. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus lors de cette Ă©tude n ont pas permis d Ă©tablir un lien significatif entre ces deux phĂ©nomĂšnes. Cependant, le caractĂšre subjectif de l Ă©valuation des neuropathies fut soulignĂ©, traduisant la nĂ©cessitĂ© d un examen neurologique prĂ©cis voire d un Ă©lectromyogramme, mais aussi l intĂ©rĂȘt des travaux de protĂ©omique en amont de l approche pharmacogĂ©nĂ©tique.Oxaliplatin is an antineoplasic drug with a narrow therapeutic window, mostly used in the treatment of rectum, colon or pancreas cancer, and which often lead to peripheral neurotoxicity. In order to prevent from this side effect, we have studied the hypothetic correlation between mutations A1142G and C154T on Alanine:Glyoxylate aminotransferase gene, and onset of neuropathies. A functional deficiency of this enzyme which is responsible of the transformation of glyoxylate to glycin, induced by these genetic mutations, would result in an accumulation of oxalate and, then, in the occurrence of neurotoxicity. Conclusions of this study did not demonstrate any significant link between these two phenomenons. Nonetheless, subjectivity of neurotoxicty evaluation was hardly shown, resulting in requirement of accurate examination, even an electromyography. Also, proteomic approach seems to be very useful upstream to pharmacogenomics.ANGERS-BU MĂ©decine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Irinotecan induces steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) signaling to detoxification pathway in colon cancer cells

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the principle obstacles to the treatment of colon cancer. In order to identify the molecular mechanism of this resistance, we investigated the role of the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) in the induction of drug resistance. Indeed, this nuclear receptor plays an important role in response to xenobiotics through the upregulation of detoxification genes. Following drug treatments, SXR is activated and interacts with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) to induce expression of some genes involved in drug metabolism such as phase I enzyme (like CYP), phase II enzymes (like UGT) and transporters (e.g. MDR1).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we have shown that endogenous SXR is activated in response to SN-38, the active metabolite of the anticancer drug irinotecan, in human colon cancer cell lines. We have found that endogenous SXR translocates into the nucleus and associates with RXR upon SN-38 treatment. Using ChIP, we have demonstrated that endogenous SXR, following its activation, binds to the native promoter of the CYP3A4 gene to induce its expression. RNA interference experiments confirmed SXR involvement in CYP3A4 overexpression and permitted us to identify CYP3A5 and MRP2 transporter as SXR target genes. As a consequence, cells overexpressing SXR were found to be less sensitive to irinotecan treatment.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Altogether, these results suggest that the SXR pathway is involved in colon cancer irinotecan resistance in colon cancer cell line via the upregulation of select detoxification genes.</p

    Phase II study of preoperative radiation plus concurrent daily tegafur-uracil (UFT) with leucovorin for locally advanced rectal cancer

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Considerable variation in intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism can occur due to the wide range of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme activity, which can affect both tolerability and efficacy. The oral fluoropyrimidine tegafur-uracil (UFT) is an effective, well-tolerated and convenient alternative to intravenous 5-FU. We undertook this study in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of UFT with leucovorin (LV) and preoperative radiotherapy and to evaluate the utility and limitations of multicenter staging using pre- and post-chemoradiotherapy ultrasound. We also performed a validated pretherapy assessment of DPD activity and assessed its potential influence on the tolerability of UFT treatment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This phase II study assessed preoperative UFT with LV and radiotherapy in 85 patients with locally advanced T3 rectal cancer. Patients with potentially resectable tumors received UFT (300 mg/m/<sup>2</sup>/day), LV (75 mg/day), and pelvic radiotherapy (1.8 Gy/day, 45 Gy total) 5 days/week for 5 weeks then surgery 4-6 weeks later. The primary endpoints included tumor downstaging and the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most adverse events were mild to moderate in nature. Preoperative grade 3/4 adverse events included diarrhea (n = 18, 21%) and nausea/vomiting (n = 5, 6%). Two patients heterozygous for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (<it>DPYD</it>) experienced early grade 4 neutropenia (variant IVS14+1G > A) and diarrhea (variant 2846A > T). Pretreatment ultrasound TNM staging was compared with postchemoradiotherapy pathology TN staging and a significant shift towards earlier TNM stages was observed (p < 0.001). The overall downstaging rate was 42% for primary tumors and 44% for lymph nodes. The pCR rate was 8%. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for staging was poor. Anal sphincter function was preserved in 55 patients (65%). Overall and recurrence-free survival at 3 years was 86.1% and 66.7%, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 36 node-positive patients (mean duration 118 days).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Preoperative chemoradiotherapy using UFT with LV plus radiotherapy was well tolerated and effective and represents a convenient alternative to 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of resectable rectal cancer. Pretreatment detection of DPD deficiency should be performed to avoid severe adverse events.</p

    Niveau de preuve du suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique du 5-fluorouracile au décours de son administration dans le traitement des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures et du cancer colorectal

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    Le suivi thĂ©rapeutique pharmacologique du 5-fluorouracile est proposĂ© dans diffĂ©rentes localisations (ORL, colorectale) lorsque ce mĂ©dicament est administrĂ© en perfusion continue (durĂ©e supĂ©rieure Ă  4 heures) et Ă  haute dose (≄ 750 mg/m2 en association avec diffĂ©rentes molĂ©cules [sels de platine, irinotĂ©can, antiangiogĂ©niques, anti HER1 (ou Anti EGFR /Anti Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor type 1)
]. Cette pratique repose sur un faisceau d’arguments cliniques montrant un lien entre des concentrations Ă©levĂ©es et le risque de toxicitĂ© et des concentrations faibles et une moins bonne probabilitĂ© de rĂ©ponse. L’analyse de la littĂ©rature confirme qu’il existe des niveaux d’exposition seuils, celle-ci Ă©tant Ă©valuĂ©e par l’aire sous la courbe des concentrations (AUC), au-delĂ  desquels le risque de toxicitĂ© augmente. Le rĂ©sultat du dosage est utilisĂ© pour adapter la dose Ă  la cure suivante. Le bĂ©nĂ©fice effectivement apportĂ© par la mise en Ɠuvre de ces mesures a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© par des Ă©tudes comparatives et la comparaison aux donnĂ©es historiques montre que l’incidence des toxicitĂ©s sĂ©vĂšres a considĂ©rablement diminuĂ© depuis qu’elles sont systĂ©matiquement mises en oeuvre. La rĂ©alisation systĂ©matique du dosage sanguin du 5-fluorouracile au dĂ©cours de son administration permet Ă©galement d’objectiver ou de confirmer une surexposition franche, situation nĂ©cessitant une prise en charge symptomatique immĂ©diate du fait de l’absence Ă  l’heure actuelle d’antidote

    Influence du sexe et de l'Ăąge sur la clairance du 5-fluorouracile

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    ANGERS-BU MĂ©decine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Dépistage des patients déficitaires en dihydropyrimidine déhydrogénase avant traitement par fluoropyrimidines

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    De nombreuses toxicitĂ©s, parfois sĂ©vĂšres sont rapportĂ©es chez les patients traitĂ©s par du 5-fluorouracile (5-FU) mais aussi avec les fluoropyrimidines orales disponibles, l'UFTÂź et la capĂ©citabine, en situation conventionnelle, adjuvante ou mĂ©tastatique. Ces effets toxiques sont dus Ă  une large variabilitĂ© interindividuelle du mĂ©tabolisme, dĂ©pendant principalement de l'activitĂ© de la dihydropyrimidine dĂ©hydrogĂ©nase (DPD) l'enzyme majeure de catabolisme du 5-FU. Ainsi, les patients prĂ©sentant un dĂ©ficit de l'activitĂ© de cette enzyme ont un risque accru de toxicitĂ© aiguĂ«, prĂ©coce et grave avec cette famille de mĂ©dicaments. Ces toxicitĂ©s peuvent aboutir Ă  une toxicitĂ© polyviscĂ©rale grave, potentiellement mortelle. Les frĂ©quences de dĂ©ficits en DPD, partiels ou complets, sont estimĂ©es Ă  3–5 % et 0,2 % respectivement, et leur existence est le plus souvent liĂ©e Ă  un polymorphisme d'origine gĂ©nĂ©tique. DiffĂ©rentes techniques de dĂ©tection de tels dĂ©ficits avant tout traitement ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crites : phĂ©notypiques, telles que le rapport plasmatique dihydoruracile/uracile, ou gĂ©notypiques, telles que la recherche de variants par gĂ©notypage ciblĂ© du gĂšne de la DPD retentissant sur l'activitĂ© de l'enzyme. Le dĂ©pistage gĂ©nĂ©tique prĂ©thĂ©rapeutique systĂ©matique des patients porteurs d'un tel dĂ©ficit, en lui-mĂȘme totalement asymptomatique, permettrait d'Ă©viter la quasi-totalitĂ© des effets toxiques aigus sĂ©vĂšres. Cependant, il ne s'agit pas alors d'un simple rendu de rĂ©sultats, de prĂ©sence ou d'absence de dĂ©ficit enzymatique puisque la dĂ©couverte d'un dĂ©ficit mĂ©tabolique ne contre-indique que rarement l'utilisation du mĂ©dicament. Ce dĂ©pistage doit s'accompagner d'un vĂ©ritable conseil thĂ©rapeutique

    Influence de l'instabilité microsatellite et de l'expression d'HSP100deltaE9 sur la survie et la réponse à la chimiothérapie à base de 5-FU dans les cancers colorectaux

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    L instabilitĂ© microsatellite (MSI) dans les cancers colorectaux (CCR), est considĂ©rĂ©e comme un facteur de bon pronostic et un marqueur de mauvaise rĂ©ponse au 5-FU. Dans les tumeurs MSI, la prĂ©sence d une dĂ©lĂ©tion au niveau du microsatellite T17 de l intron 8 d HSP110 induit l expression d une protĂ©ine tronquĂ©e HSP110 E9. Son expression au dĂ©triment d HSP110 est prĂ©sentĂ©e comme un marqueur prĂ©dictif de bonne rĂ©ponse Ă  la chimiothĂ©rapie et de bon pronostic. Nous avons Ă©valuĂ© la taille du T17 dans le tissu sain et la tumeur, l expression d HSP110 E9, la rĂ©ponse Ă  la chimiothĂ©rapie et la survie dans deux populations de patients : 86 prĂ©sentant un CCR mĂ©tastatique (CCRm) traitĂ©s par FOLFIRI-CETUX ; puis 120 prĂ©sentant une tumeur MSI. Le T17 est peu polymorphique dans le tissu sain. Nous confirmons que la dĂ©lĂ©tion du T7 est spĂ©cifique des tumeurs MSI, et que sa taille dĂ©pend du type de dĂ©ficit du MMR. On observe que le niveau d expression d HSP110 E9 est fonction de la taille de la dĂ©lĂ©tion. L analyse de la rĂ©ponse et de la survie ne montre pas de diffĂ©rence en fonction du statut MSI dans les CCRm, ni en fonction du taux d HSP110 E9 dans les CCR MSI. Le phĂ©notype MSI n apparaĂźt pas comme Ă©tant un marqueur de bon pronostic, ni de bonne rĂ©ponse Ă  la chimiothĂ©rapie dans les CCRm. L expression d HSP110 E9 est spĂ©cifique des tumeurs MSI, mĂȘme Ă  un stade tumoral avancĂ©. Son niveau d expression semble dĂ©pendre du type de dĂ©ficit du MMR, mais ne semble pas amĂ©liorer le pronostic des patients. Des Ă©tudes complĂ©mentaires fondamentales et cliniques sont donc nĂ©cessaires pour prĂ©ciser l action d HSP110 E9 et son influence sur la survie et la rĂ©ponse Ă  la chimiothĂ©rapie.Microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered a good prognosis factor, it is however a bad predictive marker to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Deletions in the microsatellite T17 located in intron 8 of HSP110 lead to a truncated isoform of the protein. The expression of the truncated protein constitutes a major determinant for both prognosis and treatment response in CRC. For two series of subjects, 86 with metastatic CRC (mCRC) and 120 with MSI tumors, we studied the length of the T17 in healthy tissue and tumor, expression rate of HSP110 E9, response to chemotherapy and survival rate. T17 is weakly polymorphic in healthy tissue. We confirmed that deletion is specific to MSI tumors, and that the deletion length depends on MMR system defect. We noticed that the HSP110 E9 expression rate is conditioned by T17 length deletion. Finally, we observed that response to chemotherapy and survival rate analysis did not show any differences neither in terms of MSI status in mCRC nor in terms of HSP110 E9 expression rate in MSI tumors. MSI does not appear to be a good prognosis factor or a bad response marker to 5-FU-based chemotherapy in mCRC. HSP110 truncated isoform is only expressed in MSI tumors, even in advanced CRC. HSP110 E9 expression rate seems to be influenced by the MMR defect, but does not seem to improved patient s prognosis. Several fundamental and clinical studies have to be conducted to determine the cellular actions of HSP110 E9 and its influence on response to chemotherapy and survival rate.ANGERS-BU MĂ©decine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF
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