Nalazi dvaju rijetkih glavoča (Millerigobius macrocephalus, Zebrus zebrus) u Egejskom moru

Two goby species endemic to the Mediterranean Sea were collected from the northern and southern Aegean Sea. A new record of Millerigobius macrocephalus from the area is presented and the occurrence of zebrus zebrus off Turkish coasts is substantiated.Dvije vrste mediteranskih endemičnih glavoča su ulovljene u sjevernom i južnom Egejskom moru. Prikazan je novi nalaz vrste Millerigobius macrocephalus, te je obrazložena pojava vrste Zebrus zebrus u turskim vodama

Nalazi dvaju rijetkih glavoča (Millerigobius macrocephalus, Zebrus zebrus) u Egejskom moru

Two goby species endemic to the Mediterranean Sea were collected from the northern and southern Aegean Sea. A new record of Millerigobius macrocephalus from the area is presented and the occurrence of zebrus zebrus off Turkish coasts is substantiated.Dvije vrste mediteranskih endemičnih glavoča su ulovljene u sjevernom i južnom Egejskom moru. Prikazan je novi nalaz vrste Millerigobius macrocephalus, te je obrazložena pojava vrste Zebrus zebrus u turskim vodama

Measurements of the Suitability of Large Rock Salt Formations for Radio Detection of High Energy Neutrinos

We have investigated the possibility that large rock salt formations might be suitable as target masses for detection of neutrinos of energies about 10 PeV and above. In neutrino interactions at these energies, the secondary electromagnetic cascade produces a coherent radio pulse well above ambient thermal noise via the Askaryan effect. We describe measurements of radio-frequency attenuation lengths and ambient thermal noise in two salt formations. Measurements in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), located in an evaporite salt bed in Carlsbad, NM yielded short attenuation lengths, 3-7 m over 150-300 MHz. However, measurements at United Salt's Hockley mine, located in a salt dome near Houston, Texas yielded attenuation lengths in excess of 250 m at similar frequencies. We have also analyzed early ground-penetrating radar data at Hockley mine and have found additional evidence for attenuation lengths in excess of several hundred meters at 440 MHz. We conclude that salt domes, which may individually contain several hundred cubic kilometer water-equivalent mass, provide attractive sites for next-generation high-energy neutrino detectors.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, to be submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Method

Impact of a Surface Ice Lid on the Optical Properties of Melt Ponds

To investigate the influence of a surface ice lid on the optical properties of a melt pond, a radiative transfer model was employed that includes four plane-parallel layers: an ice lid, a melt pond, the underlying ice, and the ocean beneath the ice. The thickness H-s and the scattering coefficient sigma(s) of the ice lid are altered. Variations in the spectral albedo and transmittance T due to H-s for a transparent ice lid are limited, and scattering in the ice lid has a pronounced impact on the albedo of melt ponds as well as the vertical distribution of spectral irradiance in ponded sea ice. The thickness of the ice lid determines the amount of solar energy absorbed. A 2-cm-thick ice lid can absorb 13% of the incident solar energy, half of the energy absorbed by a 30-cm-deep meltwater layer below the lid. This has an influence on the thermodynamics of melting sea ice. The color and spectral albedo of refreezing melt ponds depend on the value of the dimensionless number sigma(s) H- s. Good agreement between field measurements and our model simulations is found. The number sigma(s) H- s is confirmed to be a good index showing that the influence of an ice lid with sigma(s) H- s Plain Language Summary Melt ponds are pools of open water that form on sea ice in the warm months of the Arctic Ocean, and they will frequently be refrozen due to loss of heat and then covered by an ice lid or snow even in summer. This lid is very important to the optical properties of melt ponds. If the ice lid is very thin, the change in the reflective characteristics of the melt pond is minimal; that is, the influence of the ice lid is negligible. If snow accumulates on the ice lid, the reflective characteristics of the melt pond change completely. How about the situation between the above two extreme cases? In this study, we find that a dimensionless number is a good index to quantify the impact of the ice lid. Visual inspections on the color of refreezing melt ponds also help to judge the significance of the influence of the ice lid. This will allow for an accurate estimation on the role of surface ice lid during field investigations on the optical properties of melt ponds.Peer reviewe

Припайный лёд в прибрежной части пролива Шокальского

Field investigations of coastal fast ice near the research station Ice Base on the «Cape Baranova», carried out in 2013–2014, made possible to reveal a number of characteristics of the sea ice cover formation. It has been shown that during winter and early spring the sea ice thickness, being formed due to intensive snow drift and caused by that flooding of the ice cover just near the coast of the Bolshevik Island, substantially grows at its upper boundary, that is typical for the Antarctic seas. At the same time, similar process of the ice growth at a relatively short distance from the coast shows all features characteristic for the ice cover in the Arctic seas, and that is well reproduced by the conceptual numerical sea ice model. Thus, the region of the Ice Base «Cape Baranova» represents a natural laboratory for studying the processes of the sea ice formation in both, the Arctic and Antarctic seas under condition of the same atmospheric forcing. Transformation of the fast ice structure during the summer time is described. Results of the investigations has demonstrated that despite the radical changes in the structure thicknesses of the fast ice remained almost unchanged due to the ice growth on the bottom boundary of the ice cover until a destruction of it in August.Приведены результаты исследований припайных льдов пролива Шокальского в районе научно‑исследовательского стационара «Ледовая база «Мыс Баранова». Установлена роль снежного покрова в процессах формирования ледяного покрова в зимний период, характерных как для арктических, так и антарктических морей. Описана трансформация структуры льда в летний период. Показано, что, несмотря на радикальное изменение структуры, толщина припайных льдов практически не изменяется вплоть до взлома припая в августе в результате нарастания льда на нижней границе ледяного покрова