Formation program in mathematics at the technical university and the quality of knowledge

The aim of the study is to discuss the maintenance of the educational programs for mathematical disciplines existing at the higher school and problems of teaching mathematics at training of specialists of the engineering directions. Activity and competence basis of mathematical education of engineers can not be increased within a tough part of the conservative academic programs in mathematics. Program in mathematics for undergraduate engineering training areas do not meet the needs of engineering professional education. They meet the requirements of educational standards only in form, but in fact, are copies of traditional academic programs of the last century. Absence of accurate recommendations about reconstruction of mathematical chairs of curricula, operating decades habitual for teachers, leads only to formal mechanical reduction of the hours which are taken away on studying of the demanded sections and subjects. Methods. The methods involve analysis, generalization, and written anonymous survey among students. Results and scientific novelty. Analysis of existing programs, the results of their assimilation, and the teaching of mathematics in general leads to the need to put forward new real principles of the program of mathematical disciplines. As such new principles of selection of the content of mathematical preparation the principles of lacunarity, reliability, minimalism, selectivity and ICT-support are offered. The methods of realization of these principles are the following: analysis of competences, analysis of scientific articles and theses on group of the scientific specialties connected with the directions of training, carrying out analogies, interviewing of key experts and teachers, expert estimates, formalization of requirements, etc. Restructuring of mathematics programs is designed to develop logical and algorithmic thinking of engineering students; to cultivate an applied mathematical culture; formation of insight and erudition in mathematics application. Practical significance. Research implications may be useful to managers and training specialists of Mathematical Departments of technical universities, program builders in mathematics and educational standards in engineering fieldsЦель публикации – обсуждение содержания существующих в высшей школе образовательных программ по математическим дисциплинам и проблем преподавания математики при подготовке специалистов инженерных направлений. Деятельностную и компетентностную основы математического образования инженеров невозможно усилить, находясь в жестких рамках консервативных академических программ по математике, которые не соответствуют целям и задачам современной профессиональной подготовки. Они удовлетворяют требованиям образовательных стандартов лишь по форме, а в реальности копируют традиционное обучение, характерное для прошлого века. Отсутствие четких рекомендаций по реконструкции действовавших десятилетиями привычных для преподавателей математических кафедр учебных планов приводит лишь к формальному механическому сокращению часов, отводимых на изучение требуемых разделов и тем. Методы, использовавшиеся в работе, – анализ, обобщение, письменный анонимный опрос студентов. Результаты и научная новизна. На основе анализа как существующих программ и результатов их усвоения, так и самого процесса преподавания математики в целом автор приходит к выводу о необходимости построения программ математических дисциплин на новых практических принципах, которые дополнят перечень основных дидактических положений высшего образования и помогут определить и предпринять конкретные действия по преобразованию программ по существу. В качестве таких новых принципов отбора содержания математической подготовки предлагаются принципы лакунарности, надежности, минимализма, избирательности и ИКТ-сопровождения. Методами реализации этих принципов могут стать анализ компетенций, анализ научных статей и диссертаций по группе научных специальностей, связанных с направлениями обучения, проведение аналогий, интервьюирование ключевых специалистов и преподавателей, экспертные оценки, формализация требований и др. Описанная в статье перестройка программ по математике направлена на развитие у студентов технического университета логического и алгоритмического мышления, воспитание у них прикладной математической культуры, формирование интуиции и эрудиции в вопросах применения математики. Практическая значимость. Материалы статьи могут быть полезны руководителям и методистам математических кафедр технических университетов, разработчикам новых программ по математике и образовательных стандартов по инженерным направлениям подготовк

Organizational and management mechanism for reforming agricultural organizations based on cooperation and integration of economic systems

In the agricultural sector of Russia, a high proportion of insolvent organizations is currently maintained. Ensuring food independence of the country, the availability of high-quality and affordable food for the population are the main objectives of the development of the domestic agricultural sector. In agriculture, there is growing interest in the formation of universal approaches to the procedure for managing economic entities. The reform of insolvent agricultural producers based on the development of cooperation and integration processes by absorbing economically weak farms by successful agribusiness organizations is one of the methods to achieve these goals. The subject of the research is the methodology and management practice of reforming domestic agricultural organizations based on cooperation and integration of economic systems. Theoretical research and practical material is based on the results of economic activity and the experience of reforming in economic entities. Systemic and process approaches, statistical and economic methods were used mainly in obtaining research results.The purpose and objective of the study is the introduction of progressive methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of reforming economic entities. The paper presents the conditions and factors, the organizational and managerial mechanism, methods and practical experience in implementing the reform process of insolvent agricultural organizations, as well as an assessment of the production and economic efficiency of reforming on the materials of the agricultural organization. The results of the study confirm the need to replicate the methodology and experience of reforming agricultural organizations through cooperation and integration of economic entities with the provision of state support in all its existing forms for this process. In particular, we propose the formation and legislative consolidation of a system of competitive reform of insolvent agricultural organizations

Molecular Tools for Monitoring the Ecological Sustainability of a Stone Bio-Consolidation Treatment at the Royal Chapel, Granada

Background: Biomineralization processes have recently been applied in situ to protect and consolidate decayed ornamental stone of the Royal Chapel in Granada (Spain). While this promising method has demonstrated its efficacy regarding strengthening of the stone, little is known about its ecological sustainability.Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we report molecular monitoring of the stone-autochthonous microbiota before and at 5, 12 and 30 months after the bio-consolidation treatment (medium/long-term monitoring), employing the well-known molecular strategy of DGGE analyses. Before the bio-consolidation treatment, the bacterial diversity showed the exclusive dominance of Actinobacteria (100%), which decreased in the community (44.2%) after 5 months, and Gamma-proteobacteria (30.24%) and Chloroflexi (25.56%) appeared. After 12 months, Gamma-proteobacteria vanished from the community and Cyanobacteria (22.1%) appeared and remained dominant after thirty months, when the microbiota consisted of Actinobacteria (42.2%) and Cyanobacteria (57.8%) only. Fungal diversity showed that the Ascomycota phylum was dominant before treatment (100%), while, after five months, Basidiomycota (6.38%) appeared on the stone, and vanished again after twelve months. Thirty months after the treatment, the fungal population started to stabilize and Ascomycota dominated on the stone (83.33%) once again. Members of green algae (Chlorophyta, Viridiplantae) appeared on the stone at 5, 12 and 30 months after the treatment and accounted for 4.25%, 84.77% and 16.77%, respectively.Conclusions: The results clearly show that, although a temporary shift in the bacterial and fungal diversity was observed during the first five months, most probably promoted by the application of the bio-consolidation treatment, the microbiota tends to regain its initial stability in a few months. Thus, the treatment does not seem to have any negative side effects on the stone-autochthonous microbiota over that time. The molecular strategy employed here is suggested as an efficient monitoring tool to assess the impact on the stone-autochthonous microbiota of the application of biomineralization processes as a restoration/conservation procedure.This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Junta de Andalucía (Spain) and the “Fortalecimiento de la I+D+i” program from the University of Granada, co-financed by grant RNM-3493 and Research Group BIO-103 from Junta de Andalucía, as well as by the Spanish Government through “José Castillejo” program from the “Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte” (I+D+i 2008-2011), and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under Grant “Elise-Richter V194-B20”

FORMATION PROGRAM IN MATHEMATICS AT THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY AND THE QUALITY OF KNOWLEDGE

The aim of the study is to discuss the maintenance of the educational programs for mathematical disciplines existing at the higher school and problems of teaching mathematics at training of specialists of the engineering directions.Activity and competence basis of mathematical education of engineers can not be increased within a tough part of the conservative academic programs in mathematics. Program in mathematics for undergraduate engineering training areas do not meet the needs of engineering professional education. They meet the requirements of educational standards only in form, but in fact, are copies of traditional academic programs of the last century. Absence of accurate recommendations about reconstruction of mathematical chairs of curricula, operating decades habitual for teachers, leads only to formal mechanical reduction of the hours which are taken away on studying of the demanded sections and subjects.Methods. The methods involve analysis, generalization, and written anonymous survey among students.Results and scientific novelty. Analysis of existing programs, the results of their assimilation, and the teaching of mathematics in general leads to the need to put forward new real principles of the program of mathematical disciplines. As such new principles of selection of the content of mathematical preparation the principles of lacunarity, reliability, minimalism, selectivity and ICT-support are offered. The methods of realization of these principles are the following: analysis of competences, analysis of scientific articles and theses on group of the scientific specialties connected with the directions of training, carrying out analogies, interviewing of key experts and teachers, expert estimates, formalization of requirements, etc. Restructuring of mathematics programs is designed to develop logical and algorithmic thinking of engineering students; to cultivate an applied mathematical culture; formation of insight and erudition in mathematics application.Practical significance. Research implications may be useful to managers and training specialists of Mathematical Departments of technical universities, program builders in mathematics and educational standards in engineering fields