Aprendizagem ativa de programação em turmas de engenharia: uma pesquisa-ação

Engineering is an area of knowledge in which calculations are needed. The computation is present in the daily life of the engineer supporting their simulations, calculations and research. The objective of this article is to present an experience report in programming teaching in an engineering course in which there was previously difficulty learning and engaging. It was decided to work with active methodology and practices in the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPZ) predicted in the vygostikyana theory. An action-research work was done in classes of a civil engineering course in which the actors decided to change the form of programming teaching that started to involve the parallel learning of: system analysis, logic, algorithms, programming and visualization of results. There was a significant improvement in the approval rates, there was an improvement in the engagement of students who worked together to exchange opinions and support peers through peer work. It is believed that work in the ZPD associated with collaborative work and parallel learning has encouraged engagement and increased interest in programming and computing.La ingeniería es un área del saber en la que se necesitan cálculos. La computación está presente en el cotidiano del ingeniero apoyando sus simulaciones, cálculos e investigaciones. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un relato de experiencia vivenciada en la enseñanza de programación en un curso de ingeniería en el que anteriormente existía dificultad de aprendizaje y de compromiso. Se optó por trabajar con metodología activa y prácticas en la Zona de Desarrollo Proximal (ZDP) prevista en la teoría vygostikyana. Se realizó un trabajo de investigación-acción en clases de un curso de ingeniería civil en el cual los actores decidieron cambiar la forma de la enseñanza de programación que pasó a involucrar el aprendizaje paralelo de: análisis del sistema, lógica, algoritmos, programación y visualización de los resultados resultados. Se verificó una mejora significativa en los índices de aprobación, hubo la mejora en el compromiso de los alumnos que pasaron a trabajar en conjunto intercambiando opiniones y apoyando a los colegas por medio del trabajo con parejas. Todo lleva a creer que el trabajo en la ZDP asociado al trabajo colaborativo y aprendizaje paralelo incentivó el compromiso y el aumento de interés por la programación y la computación.A engenharia é uma área do saber na qual são necessários cálculos. A computação está presente no cotidiano do engenheiro apoiando suas simulações, cálculos e pesquisas. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um relato de experiência vivenciada no ensino de programação em um curso de engenharia na qual anteriormente existia dificuldade de aprendizado e de engajamento. Optou-se por trabalhar com metodologia ativa e práticas na Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDP) prevista na teoria vygostikyana. Realizou-se um trabalho de pesquisa-ação em turmas de um curso de engenharia civil no qual os atores decidiram mudar a forma do ensino de programação que passou a envolver o aprendizagem paralela de: análise do sistema, lógica, algoritmos, programação e visualização dos resultados. Verificou-se uma melhora significativa nos índices de aprovação, houve a melhora no engajamento dos alunos que passaram a trabalhar em conjunto trocando opiniões e apoiando os colegas por meio do trabalho com pares. Tudo leva crer que o trabalho na ZDP associado ao trabalho colaborativo e aprendizagem paralela incentivou o engajamento e aumento de interesse pela programação e computação

Procedures development and methodology of control for application of good manufacture practices (GMP) on human blood irradiation

A irradiação do sangue humano é usada para evitar a TA-DECH (\"transfusão associada a doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro\"), um raro mas devastador efeito adverso dos leucócitos presentes em componentes de sangue de doadores. Normalmente esta prática de irradiação é executada para a eliminação física de leucócitos. A implementação de procedimentos permitirá que a dose apropriada, dentro de uma faixa de 25 Gy a 50 Gy, seja absorvida pelas bolsas de sangue coletadas em um banco de sangue. Os estudos para estabelecer os procedimentos de BPF (Boas Práticas de Fabricação) foram desenvolvidos baseados na norma ISO 11137 Esterilização de produtos médicos Requisitos para validação e controle de rotina Esterilização por radiação. Dois sistemas dosimétricos foram usados para o mapeamento de dose durante os estudos da qualificação do irradiador, carregamento de produto, validação de processo de irradiação e auditoria. O dosímetro CaSO4:Dy apresentou dificuldades em relação à incerteza na medição da dose, estabilidade, rastreabilidade e calibração. Os dosímetros PMMA e Gafchromic mostraram uma melhor performance e foram adotados para estudos de qualificação de irradiadores necessários para a implantação de BPF. Os testes de irradiação foram realizados em um irradiador Gammacell 220. Os procedimentos desenvolvidos podem ser adaptados para diferentes tipos de irradiadores gama, permitindo a implantação de um programa de garantia da qualidade e BPF para irradiação de sangue.The irradiation of human blood is used to avoid the TA-GVHD (transfusion-associated graft-versus-host-disease), a rare but devastating adverse effect of leukocytes present in blood components for a immunocompetent transfusion recipients. Usually this irradiation practice is performed to a physical elimination of leukocytes. The implementation of the procedures will assure that the properly dose in a range of 25 Gy to 50 Gy will be delivered to the blood in the bag collected in a blood tissue bank. The studies of the procedures in order to establish a GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) were developed under the guidelines of the standard ISO 11137 Sterilization of health care products Requirements for validation and routine control Radiation sterilization. In this work, two dosimetric systems were used for dose mapping during the studies of irradiator qualification, loading pattern, irradiation process validation and auditing. The CaSO4:Dy dosimeter presented difficulties concerning to uncertainty on dose measurement, stability, traceability and calibration. The PMMA and Gafchromic dosimetric systems have shown a better performance and were adopted on studies of irradiators qualification that are necessary to implementation of GMP. The irradiation tests have been done in a Gammacell 220 irradiator. The developed procedures can be adapted for different kinds of gamma irradiators, allowing implanting a quality assurance program and a GMP for blood irradiation

Procedures development and methodology of control for application of good manufacture practices (GMP) on human blood irradiation

A irradiação do sangue humano é usada para evitar a TA-DECH (\"transfusão associada a doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro\"), um raro mas devastador efeito adverso dos leucócitos presentes em componentes de sangue de doadores. Normalmente esta prática de irradiação é executada para a eliminação física de leucócitos. A implementação de procedimentos permitirá que a dose apropriada, dentro de uma faixa de 25 Gy a 50 Gy, seja absorvida pelas bolsas de sangue coletadas em um banco de sangue. Os estudos para estabelecer os procedimentos de BPF (Boas Práticas de Fabricação) foram desenvolvidos baseados na norma ISO 11137 Esterilização de produtos médicos Requisitos para validação e controle de rotina Esterilização por radiação. Dois sistemas dosimétricos foram usados para o mapeamento de dose durante os estudos da qualificação do irradiador, carregamento de produto, validação de processo de irradiação e auditoria. O dosímetro CaSO4:Dy apresentou dificuldades em relação à incerteza na medição da dose, estabilidade, rastreabilidade e calibração. Os dosímetros PMMA e Gafchromic mostraram uma melhor performance e foram adotados para estudos de qualificação de irradiadores necessários para a implantação de BPF. Os testes de irradiação foram realizados em um irradiador Gammacell 220. Os procedimentos desenvolvidos podem ser adaptados para diferentes tipos de irradiadores gama, permitindo a implantação de um programa de garantia da qualidade e BPF para irradiação de sangue.The irradiation of human blood is used to avoid the TA-GVHD (transfusion-associated graft-versus-host-disease), a rare but devastating adverse effect of leukocytes present in blood components for a immunocompetent transfusion recipients. Usually this irradiation practice is performed to a physical elimination of leukocytes. The implementation of the procedures will assure that the properly dose in a range of 25 Gy to 50 Gy will be delivered to the blood in the bag collected in a blood tissue bank. The studies of the procedures in order to establish a GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) were developed under the guidelines of the standard ISO 11137 Sterilization of health care products Requirements for validation and routine control Radiation sterilization. In this work, two dosimetric systems were used for dose mapping during the studies of irradiator qualification, loading pattern, irradiation process validation and auditing. The CaSO4:Dy dosimeter presented difficulties concerning to uncertainty on dose measurement, stability, traceability and calibration. The PMMA and Gafchromic dosimetric systems have shown a better performance and were adopted on studies of irradiators qualification that are necessary to implementation of GMP. The irradiation tests have been done in a Gammacell 220 irradiator. The developed procedures can be adapted for different kinds of gamma irradiators, allowing implanting a quality assurance program and a GMP for blood irradiation

Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Intracranial Carotid Occlusion with Patent Intracranial Arteries : The Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke

I Purpose: Intracranial carotid artery occlusion represents an underinvestigated cause of acute ischemic stroke as well as an indication for mechanical thrombectomy. We investigated baseline and procedural characteristics, outcomes and predictors of outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to intracranial carotid artery occlusion. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke was performed. Patients with intracranial carotid artery occlusion (infraclinoid and supraclinoid) with or without cervical artery occlusion but with patent intracranial arteries were included. The 3‑month functional independence, mortality, successful reperfusion and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were evaluated. Results: Intracranial carotid artery occlusion with patent intracranial arteries was diagnosed in 387 out of 4940 (7.8%) patients. The median age was 74 years and median baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 18. Functional independence was achieved in 130 (34%) patients, successful reperfusion in 289 (75%) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in 33 (9%), whereas mortality occurred in 111 (29%) patients. In univariate analysis functional independence was associated with lower age, lower NIHSS at presentation, higher rate of successful reperfusion and lower rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Multivariable regression analysis found age (odds ratio, OR:1.03; P = 0.006), NIHSS at presentation (OR: 1.07; P < 0.001), diabetes (OR: 2.60; P = 0.002), successful reperfusion (OR:0.20; P < 0.001) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR: 4.17; P < 0.001) as the best independent predictors of outcome. Conclusion: Our study showed a not negligible rate of intracranial carotid artery occlusion with patent intracranial arteries, presenting mostly as severe stroke, with an acceptable rate of 3‑month functional independence. Age, NIHSS at presentation and successful reperfusion were the best independent predictors of outcom

European Multicenter Study of ET-COVID-19

International audienceBackground and Purpose: Acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion can be concurrent with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel occlusion in patients with COVID-19 are substantially unknown. Our aim was to study early outcomes after MT in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Multicenter, European, cohort study involving 34 stroke centers in France, Italy, Spain, and Belgium. Data were collected between March 1, 2020 and May 5, 2020. Consecutive laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases with large vessel occlusion, who were treated with MT, were included. Primary investigated outcome: 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes: early neurological improvement (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improvement ≥8 points or 24 hours National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 0–1), successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade ≥2b), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Results: We evaluated 93 patients with COVID-19 with large vessel occlusion who underwent MT (median age, 71 years [interquartile range, 59–79]; 63 men [67.7%]). Median pretreatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score were 17 (interquartile range, 11–21) and 8 (interquartile range, 7–9), respectively. Anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke represented 93.5% of cases. The rate modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b to 3 was 79.6% (74 patients [95% CI, 71.3–87.8]). Thirty-day mortality was 29% (27 patients [95% CI, 20–39.4]). Early neurological improvement was 19.5% (17 patients [95% CI, 11.8–29.5]), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 5.4% (5 patients [95% CI, 1.7–12.1]). Patients who died at 30 days exhibited significantly lower lymphocyte count, higher levels of aspartate, and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase). After adjustment for age, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, and successful reperfusion, these biological markers remained associated with increased odds of 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio of 2.70 [95% CI, 1.21–5.98] per SD-log decrease in lymphocyte count, 2.66 [95% CI, 1.22–5.77] per SD-log increase in aspartate, and 4.30 [95% CI, 1.43–12.91] per SD-log increase in LDH). Conclusions: The 29% rate of 30-day mortality after MT among patients with COVID-19 is not negligible. Abnormalities of lymphocyte count, LDH and aspartate may depict a patient’s profiles with poorer outcomes after MT. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT04406090