Etnicidad en la prehistoria neolítica. Un estudio computacional

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la simulación computacional de un modelo teórico sobre las dinámicas de etnicidad, construido sobre referentes etnoarqueológicos comparables al grado de desarrollo de las sociedades humanas del VI y V milenio en la Península Ibérica. Intentamos explicar y justificar el uso de los conceptos de etnicidad y diversidad cultural como categorías dentro del campo de la simulación computacional, cuya aplicación dinámica puede proyectarse dentro del campo de la arqueología de sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras y en su transformación hacia sociedades neolíticas

Models of Neolithisation of Northeastern Iberian

Altres ajuts: The archaeological excavation at La Draga and Coves del Fem was funded by the Departament de Cultura (Generalitat de Catalunya) CLT009/18/00026 and CLT009/18/.The goal of this article is to discuss the significance of the archaeological evidence from the sites of La Draga (Banyoles, Spain) and Coves del Fem (Ulldemolins, Spain), in the context of the neolithisation of Northeastern Iberia. The 14C dates have been analysed using Bayesian statistics. The stratigraphy of Coves del Fem covers the transition between the last hunter-gatherers of the region and the first farmers. The chronological sequence covers approximately 1,300 years, from 6065-5990 cal BC to 4700-4550 cal BC. The site of La Draga was occupied by the first farmers circa 5300-5230 cal BC when a wooden platform was constructed and first used. Subsequent repairs of the wooden piles have been dated as well. Another use of the wooden platform is documented around 5200-5085 cal BC, although until now new construction evidence has not been documented. La Draga site was reoccupied later, when several travertine structures dated in two moments between the years 5100-4900 cal BC and 4950-4700 cal BC were constructed and used. The radiocarbon dates of Coves del Fem and La Draga support the existence of two different models of neolithisation in Northeastern Iberia. In the southern part of the territory, Coves del Fem suggests that the Holocene hunter-gatherer populations remained in the area until the arrival of the first farmers, in a model similar to the one observed at the Ebro basin. On the contrary, the site of La Draga supports the hypothesis of the first farmers colonising a previously unoccupied territory

Nuevo hallazgo de arte mueble de estilo Paleolítico en el Noreste peninsular : la plaqueta grabada de les Coves del Fem (Ulldemolins, Tarragona)

El hallazgo de un canto de esquisto con 7 zoomorfos (ciervos, cápridos y/o bóvidos) y restos informes grabados en el yacimiento de Coves del Fem (Ulldemolins, Tarragona), contribuye a enriquecer el exiguo repertorio de arte mueble de tradición paleolítica del noreste de la península Ibérica. Su análisis detallado y su comparación con el registro artístico de la vertiente mediterránea peninsular resultan claves para determinar su adscripción crono-cultural. La pieza conserva un complejo palimpsesto de motivos figurativos y no figurativos distribuidos por ambas caras, cuyas características formales, técnicas y compositivas (asociaciones no escénicas), nos remiten al final del ciclo artístico paleolítico. Este hallazgo amplía el inventario de arte paleolítico catalán, reafirma la importancia de la provincia de Tarragona, que concentra la mayoría de los hallazgos de arte mueble paleolítico de Cataluña, y abre nuevas perspectivas en el estudio del yacimiento, al ampliar su cronología hasta momentos finales del Paleolítico superior.This paper reports the discovery of a schist slab with 7 zoomorphic figures (deer, wild goats and/or bulls) and other engraved remains at Coves del Fem site (Ulldemolins, Priorat, Tarragona) in 2020. This find adds to the limited, although unique, repertoire of portable art of Palaeolithic style found so far in the northeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. A detailed analysis of this piece and comparison with the artistic record known so far for the Mediterranean side of Iberia are key to establish the relative chronology of this find. The themes (a combination of animals and non-figurative motifs), the formal (simplified representations of animals with elongated bodies), technical (a schist slab with fine incised engravings filled with striated strokes) and compositional patterns of the motifs, with a complex palimpsest of figurative and non-figurative engravings distributed on both sides creating two non-scenic compositions, recall an art from the end of the Paleolithic artistic cycle. To these common elements, this slab adds certain singularities. First, two animals of different species are involved in a mirror symmetry composition, which is not unique to this site, but it is more common in older periods and with the animals distributed on both sides of a vertical axis, rather than horizontal, as in this case. Such distribution has no parallels in this final phase of the artistic sequence. Second, the microscopic analysis of the art reveals the preservation of red pigment inside the engraved grooves, showing the use of a mixed technique, involving a combination of incision and painting. This practice, used probably to enhance motifs and improve visualization, has been recorded in a limited number of Palaeolithic sites, most likely due to conservation problems. Third, the slab includes the first example of an engraved goat known in the Catalan repertoire. Overall, this find contributes to expand the repertoire of Catalan Paleolithic art, confirms the importance of the Tarragona province, concentrating most of the finds of Paleolithic portable art in Catalonia, and opens new perspectives in the study of Coves del Fem, substantially expanding the chronology of this site until the end of the Upper Paleolithic period. Finally, it brings a new example with its own peculiarities (the type of composition) for characterizing the art of the Pleistocene/Holocene transition in south-western Euro

Darreres intervencions arqueològiques al poblat neolítc de La Draga i a l'estany de Banyoles (Banyoles, Pla de l'Estany)

Presentem les darreres actuacions arqueològiques (2008 - present) desenvolupades al poblat neolític de La Draga i l'entorn lacustre de Banyoles. Aquestes intervencions s'emmarquen dins del projecte de recerca La Draga i les ocupacions lacustres prehistòriques de l'Estany de Banyoles dins del context de la l'Europa Occidental (2008-2013). Els esforços d'aquest projecte han anat dirigits vers l'assoliment de dos objectius, d'una banda, entendre la dinàmica de l'ocupació prehistòrica de l'Estany de Banyoles, tant en els moments previs com posteriors a les ocupacions neolítiques de La Draga, i de l'altra, caracteritzar les estratègies econòmiques i organitzatives dels pobladors neolítics que es van establir a La Draga

Shake Table Testing of Self‐Centring Concentrically Braced Frames

AbstractThe self‐centring system presented in this paper is a novel damage control technique designed to improve the resilience of concentrically braced frames (CBF) under seismic action. Namely, traditional CBFs can undergo large residual drifts following an earthquake event which can limit the opportunity for cost‐effective repair of the structure. Additionally, the gusset plates connecting the brace members to beams and/or columns can experience substantial rotations as a result of the compression buckling of the bracing members. Through the utilisation of post‐tensioning strands placed between flanges of beams, the novel self‐centring concentrically braced frame (SC‐CBF) system can return the frame to its original position after significant inelastic deformations experienced during large earthquakes, resulting in minimum residual drifts.In this paper, shake table testing of the aforementioned SC‐CBF system subjected to realistic earthquake loading is presented. The research is carried out as part of the H2020 "Seismology and earthquake engineering research infrastructure alliance for Europe" SERA project. Four sets of bracing configurations, incorporating varying square hollow section (SHS) braces and gusset plates were utilised in the shake table testing. Uniaxial loading with varying shake table accelerations was executed and the structural response evaluated using data from strain gauges (SG), load cells (LC), displacement transducers and accelerometers. The measured results provide information on the important parameters such as the tensile and compressive strength of the braces, post‐buckling capacity, gusset plate strains and post‐tensioning force. These findings are then presented and the crucial local and global response performance emphasised

Comparative thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded plate

A thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded thick rectangular plates according to von Karman non-linear theory is presented. The material properties of the functionally graded plate, except for the Poisson's ratio, were assumed to be graded in the thickness direction, according to a power-law distribution, in terms of the volume fractions of the metal and ceramic constituents. Formulations of equilibrium and stability equations are derived using the high order shear deformation theory based on different types of shape functions. Analytical method for determination of the critical buckling temperature for uniform increase of temperature, linear and non-linear change of temperature across thickness of a plate is developed. Numerical results were obtained in MATLAB software using combinations of symbolic and numeric values. The paper presents comparative results of critical buckling temperature for different types of shape functions. The accuracy of the formulation presented is verified by comparing to results available from the literature

Mapping covariance in brain FDG uptake to structural connectivity.

PURPOSE Inter-subject covariance of regional 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET measures (FDGcov) as proxy of brain connectivity has been gaining an increasing acceptance in the community. Yet, it is still unclear to what extent FDGcov is underlied by actual structural connectivity via white matter fiber tracts. In this study, we quantified the degree of spatial overlap between FDGcov and structural connectivity networks. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed neuroimaging data from 303 subjects, both patients with suspected neurodegenerative disorders and healthy individuals. For each subject, structural magnetic resonance, diffusion tensor imaging, and FDG-PET data were available. The images were spatially normalized to a standard space and segmented into 62 anatomical regions using a probabilistic atlas. Sparse inverse covariance estimation was employed to estimate FDGcov. Structural connectivity was measured by streamline tractography through fiber assignment by continuous tracking. RESULTS For the whole brain, 55% of detected connections were found to be convergent, i.e., present in both FDGcov and structural networks. This metric for random networks was significantly lower, i.e., 12%. Convergent were 80% of intralobe connections and only 30% of interhemispheric interlobe connections. CONCLUSION Structural connectivity via white matter fiber tracts is a relevant substrate of FDGcov, underlying around a half of connections at the whole brain level. Short-range white matter tracts appear to be a major substrate of intralobe FDGcov connections