1,352 research outputs found
Is the Relation Between the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure and the Magnetopause Standoff Distance so Straightforward?
We present results of global magnetohydrodynamic simulations which reconsider the relationship between the solar wind dynamic pressure (Pd) and magnetopause standoff distance (RSUB). We simulate the magnetospheric response to increases in the dynamic pressure by varying separately the solar wind density or velocity for northward and southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We obtain different values of the power law indices N in the relation RSUB- ΒΌPd- 1/N depending on which parameter, density, or velocity, has been varied and for which IMF orientation. The changes in the standoff distance are smaller (higher N) for a density increase for southward IMF and greater (smaller N) for a velocity increase. An enhancement of the solar wind velocity for a southward IMF increases the magnetopause reconnection rate and Region 1 current that move the magnetopause closer to the Earth than it appears in the case of density increase for the same dynamic pressure.Plain Language SummaryThe magnetopause is the boundary between the near- Earth space, which is governed by the magnetic field produced in the Earthβs core, and interplanetary space populated by the plasma emitted from the Sun called the solar wind. It is well known that the position of this boundary is defined by the balance of the pressures from both sides of the magnetopause and in a unique way depends on the velocity and density of the plasma in the interplanetary space. In this work, we reexamine the relationship between the magnetopause position and parameters of the solar wind by means of computer modeling. It is shown that the relationship between solar wind velocity and density and magnetopause position is more complex than originally thought. It is suggested that the pressure balance condition through the magnetopause depends on the continuing magnetic reconnection between the interplanetary and magnetospheric magnetic field lines and that the consequences of the reconnection change the relationship between the solar wind dynamic pressure and magnetopause boundary location.Key PointsWe reconsider the relation between the solar wind dynamic pressure and magnetopause standoff distanceThe magnetopause reacts differently to density, and velocity increases for the same dynamic pressureA new scaling law for magnetopause standoff distance is proposedPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154966/1/grl60461_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154966/2/grl60461.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154966/3/grl60461-sup-0001-Supporting_Information_SI-S01.pd
Effect of ripening temperature on the texture of cow milk Kashkaval cheese
Texture development during ripening of cow milk Kashkaval cheese at different temperatures (9Β±1 Β°Π‘, 11Β±1 Β°Π‘ and 13Β±1 Β°Π‘) was studied. Texture parameters representing cheese hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were determined by texture profile analysis. It was found that hardness, gumminess and adhesiveness of all studied samples increased, while springiness and cohesiveness decreased during ripening. An increase of chewiness values during the first stages of ripening was observed, followed by a decrease to the 60th day. It was found that ripening time, as well as ripening temperature had a significant effect on the changes in Kashakaval texture parameters. Cheese samples ripened at higher temperatures had lower values for hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness. Ripening temperature had no significant effect on the changes in springiness and adhesiveness of the studied samples. The results obtained showed that by an appropriate combination of the two factors, ripening time and temperature, the changes in the Kashkaval cheese texture can be controlled, which is important for the quality of the final product
Space and time in the context of social measurement
This paper discusses some of the basic philosophical concepts β the concepts of βspace and timeβ - and their relation to social evolution. The work presents the characteristics of social forms of space and time, shows the specifics of their formation in connection with human activity and the system of social relations.
It was found that time duration has different manifestations in the context of historically different cultural epochs. Acceleration of social time takes place in the course of human historical practice development.
Meanwhile, some social systems sometimes take the form of a certain deceleration in time. This usually occurs because of the inadequacy of the control system for the capabilities of the social organism.
Social space is primarily connected with the dynamics of changes in social bonds and relationships. In the process of historical formation of social systems, social space assumes a more complex structure and expands. In the period of globalization growth, social space takes the form of a truly global integral system.peer-reviewe
Social media revisiting or the reverse side of medal
The author considers the situations related to the threats that exist in social networksΠ Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡ
Search for the Radiative Capture d+d->^4He+\gamma Reaction from the dd\mu Muonic Molecule State
A search for the muon catalyzed fusion reaction dd --> ^4He +\gamma in the
dd\mu muonic molecule was performed using the experimental \mu CF installation
TRITON and NaI(Tl) detectors for \gamma-quanta. The high pressure target filled
with deuterium at temperatures from 85 K to 800 K was exposed to the negative
muon beam of the JINR phasotron to detect \gamma-quanta with energy 23.8 MeV.
The first experimental estimation for the yield of the radiative deuteron
capture from the dd\mu state J=1 was obtained at the level n_{\gamma}\leq
2\times 10^{-5} per one fusion.Comment: 9 pages, 3 Postscript figures, submitted to Phys. At. Nuc
The first result of the neutrino magnetic moment measurement in the GEMMA experiment
The first result of the neutrino magnetic moment measurement at the
Kalininskaya Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) with the GEMMA spectrometer is
presented. An antineutrino-electron scattering is investigated. A high-purity
germanium detector of 1.5 kg placed 13.9 m away from the 3 GW reactor core is
used in the spectrometer. The antineutrino flux is . The differential method is used to extract the -e
electromagnetic scattering events. The scattered electron spectra taken in 6200
and 2064 hours for the reactor ON and OFF periods are compared. The upper limit
for the neutrino magnetic moment Bohr magnetons
at 90{%} CL is derived from the data processing.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, 2 table
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ
Aerospace, manufacturing, and shipbuilding industries strive to enhance their competitiveness by optimizing material utilization and improving production processes. The investment casting process offers the capability to fabricate intricate and precise components using a diverse range of alloys. However, this method is not without its drawbacks, including high manufacturing costs and a significant rate of defective castings, which can reach up to 30 %. These defects primarily arise from the stresses imposed on the wax patterns and ceramic molds, leading to their distortion. To address this issue, efforts have been made to reduce stress by employing compacted wax powders for the production of investment patterns. However, stress relaxation in the wax patterns remains a concern as it can result in elastic deformation of the compacted material and subsequent alterations in the final product dimensions. To mitigate this issue, a series of tests were conducted with the objective of studying stress relaxation under constant compression strain, as described by the Kohlrausch equation. The obtained results provide valuable insights that enable the prediction of the ultimate dimensions of patterns created using different grades of wax.ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-, ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎ- ΠΈ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎ- ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ (ΠΠΠ) ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ². Π Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΠΠ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ 30 %. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΠΠ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π» ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ο Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΠΠΠ
- β¦