Erosion behavior of nickel diffusion membranes in conditions of water electrolysis

Preliminary studies of the erosion resistance of Ni diffusion membranes under the conditions of water electrolysis in various modes were carried out. Particular attention was paid to the time dependencies of the current, voltage and the electrolyte temperature during the process. Both electrodes, anode and cathode, were in the form of tubes of Ni-99.5% wt. The electrolyte was pure drinking water after the filter with mineralization (ppm) 14, as well as water with the addition of sodium bicarbonate (mineralization 140...160 ppm). It is demonstrated that after several hours of operation cathodes showed no signs of erosion or other damages. The degree of erosion was assessed by weighing, and the state (morphology) of the surface was visually examined using an optical microscope. As for the anode, even when electrolyzing sufficiently pure water (ppm = 14), there is noticeable erosion and surface damage. To elucidate the reasons for such behavior of Ni electrodes, further studies are planned, in particular, using some other materials as an anode.Проведено попередні дослідження ерозійної стійкості дифузійних мембран з Ni в умовах електролізу води в різних режимах. Особливу увагу було приділено вимірюванню залежності струму та напруги на електродах, температури електроліту від часу процесу. Обидва електроди, анод та катод, були виконані у вигляді трубок з Ni-99,5 ваг.%. Як електроліт використовували чисту воду після фільтра з мінералізацією 14 проміле, а також воду з додаванням соди (мінералізація 140...160 проміле). Показано, що катоди після декількох годин роботи не виявили жодних ознак ерозії чи інших ушкоджень. Ступінь ерозії оцінювали шляхом зважування, а стан (морфологію) поверхні візуально за допомогою оптичного мікроскопа. Що стосується анода, навіть при електролізі достатньо чистої води (14 проміле), спостерігається суттєва ерозія та пошкодження поверхні. Для з’ясування причин такої поведінки планується провести подальші дослідження, зокрема, використовуючи інші матеріали в якості аноду

Enterosorption combined with granulocyte colony stimulating factor decreases melphalan gonadal toxicity

Today due to improvements in cancer treatment there is an increasing number of long-term cancer survivors, many of whom suffer from infertility caused by malignancy itself and chemo- or radiotherapy. Also, anticancer therapy may cause myelosuppression. Presently granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used for prevention and treatment of myelosuppression. Another treatment option used to decrease intoxication and ameliorate side effects of cancer therapy is sorption technology. The aim of our investigation was to study the efficiency of combined use of enterosorption and G-CSF to decrease gonadal toxicity of chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Melphalan (L-PAM) injected i.v. at a single dose of 4 mg/kg to white inbred rats was used as gonadotoxic and myelosuppressing agent. Carbon enterosorbent C2 was administered by intragastric route as a suspension in saline at a dose of 5 ml per 1 kg of rats’ body weight (or 900 mg/kg of the dry mass of enterosorbent) daily for 3 days before and for 7 days after L-PAM injection. G-CSF was injected once a day for 4 days starting from the next day after L-PAM administration at a dose of 50 µg/kg. Histological preparations of testicular tissues were examined by light microscopy. Results: Our findings have shown that melphalan caused marked damage of testicular tissues and seminiferous, especially spermatogenic epithelium. The most expressed protection of the histological structure of testes was observed when enterosorbent and G-CSF were used in combination. Conclusion: Gonadal toxicity of chemotherapy could be efficiently decreased by the combined use of enterosorption and G-CSF

Composition of Fluids Responsible for Gold Mineralization in the Pechenga Structure-Imandra-Varzuga Greenstone Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia.

This study presents the first fluid inclusion data from quartz of albite–carbonate–quartz altered rocks and metasomatic quartzite hosting gold mineralization in the Pechenga structure of the Pechenga– Imandra–Varzuga greenstone belt. A temperature of 275–370°C, pressure of 1.2–4.5 kbar, and the fluid composition of gold-bearing fluid are estimated by microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy, and LA-ICP-MS of individual fluid inclusions, as well as by bulk chemical analyses of fluid inclusions. In particular, the Au and Ag concentrations have been determined in fluid inclusions. It is shown that albite–carbonate–quartz altered rocks and metasomatic quartzite interacted with fluids of similar chemical composition but under different physicochemical conditions. It is concluded that the gold-bearing fluid in the Pechenga structure is similar to that of orogenic gold deposits

Tests and standards for express-control of physical fitness and health of middle school age pupils

Introduction: to day, physical fitness testing often causes negative emotions in pupils. It results in sharp loss of pupils’ wish to fulfill physical exercises in free time and worsens their health. Possibility to assess health level is an important motivation factor for pupils’ passing physical tests. Objective testing system will form positive motivation for physical exercises’ practicing and will facilitate increase of pupils’ motor functioning. It will also facilitate optimization of their physical condition, improvement of physical fitness and strengthening of health. Material: we tested physical fitness level and made diagnosis of pupils’ functional state (10-15 years’ age; n=85) with the help of tool methodic. We also used regressive analysis. Results: the system of tests and standards for express-control over physical fitness and health of middle school age pupils has been worked out and substantiated. The system of tests envisages fulfillment of 4 exercises: back pressing ups on bench during 20 seconds; throwing and catching of ball with two hands from wall during 30 seconds; side bending; torso rising from lying position into sitting during 30 seconds. Integral indicator of pupils’ physical fitness and health correlates with functional state of organism’s leading systems. We worked out 5 levels’ scale for express-control over physical fitness and health of middle school age pupils. The system stipulates calculation of integrative indicator with the help of regression equation by results of 4 test exercises and calculation of one index. Conclusions: The system of tests and standards permits the following: to divide pupils into relatively uniform groups even at the beginning of academic year for successful reasonable physical load. The system also permits to determine standard and find what shall be strived for by a pupil in order to achieve optimal physical fitness and somatic state; to motivate relatively weakly trained pupils for testing and further their physical self-perfection

ENTEROSORPTION COMBINED WITH GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR DECREASES MELPHALAN GONADAL TOXICITY

Today due to improvements in cancer treatment there is an increasing number of long-term cancer survivors, many of whom suffer from infertility caused by malignancy itself and chemo- or radiotherapy. Also, anticancer therapy may cause myelosuppression. Presently granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used for prevention and treatment of myelosuppression. Another treatment option used to decrease intoxication and ameliorate side effects of cancer therapy is sorption technology. The aim of our investigation was to study the efficiency of combined use of enterosorption and G-CSF to decrease gonadal toxicity of chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Melphalan (L-PAM) injected i.v. at a single dose of 4 mg/kg to white inbred rats was used as gonadotoxic and myelosuppressing agent. Carbon enterosorbent C2 was administered by intragastric route as a suspension in saline at a dose of 5 ml per 1 kg of rats’ body weight (or 900 mg/kg of the dry mass of enterosorbent) daily for 3 days before and for 7 days after L-PAM injection. G-CSF was injected once a day for 4 days starting from the next day after L-PAM administration at a dose of 50 µg/kg. Histological preparations of testicular tissues were examined by light microscopy. Results: Our findings have shown that melphalan caused marked damage of testicular tissues and seminiferous, especially spermatogenic epithelium. The most expressed protection of the histological structure of testes was observed when enterosorbent and G-CSF were used in combination. Conclusion: Gonadal toxicity of chemotherapy could be efficiently decreased by the combined use of enterosorption and G-CSF

Converging the Streams: Information Systems Governance Unifying Framework

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