39 research outputs found
KoagulálĂłszerek alkalmazási lehetĹ‘sĂ©geinek vizsgálata háztartási szĂĽrkevĂzfrakciĂł esetĂ©n
KutatĂłmunkánk során a szintetikusan előállĂtott fĂĽrdĹ‘vizek esetĂ©ben vizsgáltuk a szennyezĹ‘anyagok eltávolĂtását kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ koagulálĂłszerek segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel, Ă©s rĂ©szletesen tanulmányoztuk a kicsapatási-pelyhesĂtĂ©si kezelĂ©s mechanizmusát, hatásfokát. Munkánk során kĂ©t kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ tĂpusĂş kezelĹ‘szerrel [vas(III)-kloriddal Ă©s egy polielektrolit tĂpusĂş kezelĹ‘szerrel] vĂ©geztĂĽnk kĂsĂ©rleteket, Ă©s ezek hatásfokát hasonlĂtottuk össze. MinĹ‘sĂtĹ‘ paramĂ©terkĂ©nt elsĹ‘sorban az Ăşn. zĂ©ta-potenciált Ă©s annak változását követtĂĽk nyomon a többi vĂzminĹ‘sĂ©gi paramĂ©ter analizálása mellett. KĂsĂ©rleteinkben egy Ăşjonnan beszerzett, Ăşn. flokkulátort is használtunk a nagyobb tĂ©rfogatĂş minták kicsapatási-pelyhesĂtĂ©si folyamatainak tanulmányozására. Kutatásunk kiemelt cĂ©lja a fenntarthatĂł vĂzgazdálkodás elĹ‘segĂtĂ©se, az elhasznált fĂĽrdĹ‘vĂz ĂşjrahasznosĂtási lehetĹ‘sĂ©geinek vizsgálata, kĂsĂ©rleti tanulmányozása, modellezĂ©se
Investigation of the Application of Coagulants in Case of Domestic Greywater Fraction
During our research work, we examined the removal of contaminants from synthetically produced bathing waters using different coagulants and studied the efficiency and the mechanism of coagulation-flocculation processes in detail. In our work, we performed experiments with two different types of coagulants (iron(III) chloride and polyelectrolyte) and compared their efficiencies. The zeta potential and its change were monitored as a qualifying parameter while other water quality parameters were also analyzed. In our experiments, a newly acquired flocculator device was also used to study the coagulation-flocculation processes of larger volume samples. The main goal of our research is to promote the sustainable management of drinking water quality and to study the bathing water reuse possibilities
Az információfeldolgozás korai szakaszának lassulása időskorban: Visszaható maszkolás és integráció = Age-related slowing of early visual information processing: Backward masking and integration
Az idĹ‘skori Ă©rzĂ©kszervi változásokrĂłl Ă©s az informáciĂłfeldolgozás figyelmi szakaszairĂłl rendelkezĂ©sre állĂł jelentĹ‘s ismeretek mellett viszonylag ritkábban kutatott terĂĽlet az Ă©szlelĂ©s korai műveleteinek vizsgálata. KĂ©t kĂsĂ©rletben vizsgáltuk e szakaszokat fiatal (19–26 Ă©v) Ă©s idĹ‘s (64–75 Ă©v) csoportokban. A visszahatĂł maszkolási kĂsĂ©rletben Ă©rzelmeket kifejezĹ‘ sematikus arcokat követett Ă©rtelmetlen mintázatĂş maszk. A bemutatást követĹ‘en kĂ©tválasztásos helyzetben kellett dönteni arrĂłl, hogy melyik Ă©rzelmet mutatta az arc. Az arc-maszk idĹ‘közt lĂ©pcsĹ‘zetes mĂłdszerrel változtattuk a ~80%-os kritĂ©riumig. IdĹ‘s szemĂ©lyeknĂ©l a kritikus idĹ‘tartam (amĂg a maszk hatĂ©kony volt), lĂ©nyegesen hosszabb volt, mint fiataloknál, azaz a fiatalabb csoportban a kĂ©t inger elkĂĽlönĂĽlt feldolgozásához rövidebb idĹ‘ kellett. Az integráciĂłs kĂsĂ©rletben három betű jelent meg egymás mellett kĂ©t rĂ©szletben Ăşgy, hogy a betűk ebbĹ‘l a kĂ©t rĂ©szletbĹ‘l állhattak össze. A rĂ©sztvevĹ‘k feladata az volt, hogy döntsĂ©k el, a három betű Ă©rtelmes szĂłt alkotott, vagy sem. A változĂł a kĂ©t rĂ©szlet bemutatása közötti idĹ‘köz volt, melyet ismĂ©t lĂ©pcsĹ‘zetes mĂłdszerrel változtattunk. A kĂ©t Ă©letkori csoport között nem találtunk megbĂzhatĂł kĂĽlönbsĂ©get, azaz a töredĂ©k elsĹ‘ rĂ©szĂ©nek reprezentáciĂłjának fennállása nem volt hosszabb egyik csoportnál sem. A maszkolási eredmĂ©nyek megfelelnek a más mĂłdszerekkel mĂ©rt adatoknak, a ritkábban alkalmazott integráciĂłs mĂłdszer eredmĂ©nyei viszont arra utalnak, hogy a mĂ©rt Ă©letkori változások iránya jelentĹ‘sen fĂĽgg az alkalmazott paradigmátĂłl.
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In comparison to the large body of research on age-related changes of the sense organs and age-related changes of attention-related information processing, investigation of earlier stages of information processing is relatively infrequent. We investigated this process in two experiments in young (19-26 years) and older (64-75 years) adults. In the backward masking study the test stimuli were schematic faces with emotional expression. The faces were followed by pattern mask, and in a two-alternative forced choice situation participants decided which one was presented from a pair of faces. The testmask interval was varied by using a staircase method with ~80 percent asymptotic performance. The critical duration of test-mask interval was shorter in the younger participants, showing that separate processing of the two stimuli (temporal acuity) required shorter duration. In the integration study two fragments were presented successively. If the fragments integrated, three letters were accessible. Inter-stimulus interval between the two parts was varied by staircase method. The task was to decide whether the three letters constituted a legal word or not. The critical duration did not significantly differ between the two age groups, i.e., persistence of the first fragment was similar. Results of the masking experiment were similar to other studies with different methodology, whereas the results of the integration experiment show that age-related effects on persistence duration are paradigm dependent
Preliminary results on the interactive effects of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 on porcine lymphocytes
Fusarium mycotoxins, such as fumonisin B1 (FB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), frequently co-occur in feed raw materials and their presence is ubiquitous. The aims of this study were to determine the concentration that inhibits cell viability by 50% (IC50 values) for each mycotoxin (after 24, 48 and 72 h) and to investigate their combined effects in binary (DON + ZEN: DZ, DON + FB1: DF, FB1 + ZEN: FZ) and ternary (DFZ) mixtures using cyto- and genotoxicity on porcine lymphocytes as endpoints. The potency of cytotoxicity of the three toxins in an increasing order was FB1 1 (50% viability was reached only after 72 h). The main interaction observed was antagonism regarding cytotoxicity. Lower and higher sets of concentrations were used for the genotoxicity (comet assay) experiments. When lower concentrations were used, antagonism was again the main interaction observed. However, at higher concentrations an antagonism was confirmed only for DFZ, whereas for DZ and FZ a synergism was observed. Interactions of DF were inconsistent in different exposure periods in both series of experiments. Further studies with additional endpoints should be performed (e.g. DNA fragmentation, protein synthesis) in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the interactions observed
Individual and combined effect of Fusarium toxins in vivo
Feed containing fumonisin (5 ppm; F), zearalenone (Z) and deoxynivalenol (D) (0.25 ppm+1 ppm; ZD)
individually and these three toxins in combination (5 ppm+0.25 ppm+1 ppm; FZD) was fed to adult Pannon
White (n =15/group) male rabbits (4±0.5 kg) for 65 days to determine the Fusarium toxin eff ect on breeding
rabbit bucks’ sperm quality and endocrine function. Th e toxin levels were the lowest limit values for farm
animals of the Commission Recommendation (2006/576/EC). On trial days 0, 30 and 65 blood and semen
were sampled, and from semen pH, concentration, motility and morphology of the spermatozoa were
investigated. Th e ratio of spermatozoa showing progressive forward motility decreased (P<0.05) from 80%
to 67% in the FZD group. Diff erences were found between the data of the ZD (66.3%±23.7) and control
animals (80.2%±11.2) concerning the normal morphology of spermatozoa. Aft er gonadotropin-releasing
hormone analogue treatment, the testosterone concentration was lowered in the FZD animals aft er 65 days.
Th ere was no diff erence among groups in feed consumption and BW.
Histophatology revealed lowered spermiogenesis activity occurred in lower percentage in the ZD group
(30.77%), while in FZD it was much more progressed (64.28%), referring to a synergistic eff ect of the three
toxins
Structural Adaptation of the Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein C-Terminal to DNA Metabolizing Partners Guides Inhibitor Design
Single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) is a bacterial interaction hub and an appealing target for antimicrobial therapy. Understanding the structural adaptation of the disordered SSB C-terminus (SSB-Ct) to DNA metabolizing enzymes (e.g., ExoI and RecO) is essential for designing high-affinity SSB mimetic inhibitors. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the transient interactions of SSB-Ct with two hot spots on ExoI and RecO. The residual flexibility of the peptide–protein complexes allows adaptive molecular recognition. Scanning with non-canonical amino acids revealed that modifications at both termini of SSB-Ct could increase the affinity, supporting the two-hot-spot binding model. Combining unnatural amino acid substitutions on both segments of the peptide resulted in enthalpy-enhanced affinity, accompanied by enthalpy–entropy compensation, as determined by isothermal calorimetry. NMR data and molecular modeling confirmed the reduced flexibility of the improved affinity complexes. Our results highlight that the SSB-Ct mimetics bind to the DNA metabolizing targets through the hot spots, interacting with both of segments of the ligands