Exhaust gas fuel reforming of Diesel fuel by non-thermal arc discharge for NOx trap regeneration application

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Energy and Fuels copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef101674rInternational audienceThe present study is dedicated to the reforming of diesel fuel with diesel engine exhaust gas (i.e., air, CO2, and H2O mixture) using a nonthermal plasma torch for a NOx trap regeneration application. The plasma technology developed is based on a high voltage/low current nonthermal plasma torch. In the first part of the paper, experimental results on synthesis gas production from exhaust gas fuel reforming of diesel fuel are reported. In the second part of the paper, these experimental results are compared with a 1D multistage model using n-heptane as a surrogate molecule for diesel fuel. Two compositions of synthetic diesel engine exhaust gas, corresponding to high and low engine loads, have been studied. It has been demonstrated that the oxygen from CO2 and H2O hardly ever intervenes in the reforming reactions. In the most favorable condition corresponding to a higher O2 rate, a production of 7 × 10−3 mol*s−1 of syngas has been reached, corresponding to an energy efficiency and a conversion rate of 40% and 95%, respectively. The 1D multistage model shows fair trends with experimental results despite an important shift mainly due to thermal losses, which are not taken into account in the 1D model. From these results and considering a real NOx trap regeneration onboard application, it can be estimated for the most favorable case that, during the regeneration phase (approximately 12 s every 11 km), the power needed to run the plasma will be around 2.2% of the engine power

Modification of polycyanurate networks with protic additives based on polydimethylsiloxane

International audienceHydroxy telechelic polycaprolactone / polydimethylsiloxane / polycaprolactone triblock copolymers were used to modify aromatic polycyanurate networks through a polycondensation-induced phase separation. Model studies revealed that the cyclotrimerization mechanism in the presence of alcohol functions was complex. The additives, which activate the reaction, are finally chemically linked to the matrix. Both thermodynamic and kinetic features result in very finely divided morphologies, with highly interpenetrated phases which contribute to a great improve of the static mechanical properties

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Glymphedema of the Brain

Background: During the last decade, our understanding of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology has dramatically improved, thanks to the discoveries of both the glymphatic system and lymphatic vessels lining the dura mater in human brains

Colonization of rice leaf blades by an African strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae depends on a new TAL effector that Induces the rice nodulin-3 os11N3 gene

African strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae contain fewer TAL effectors than Asian strains, and their contribution to pathogenicity is unknown. Systematic mutagenesis of tal genes was used to decipher the contribution of each of the eight TAL effector paralogs to pathogenicity of African X. oryzae pv. oryzae BAI3. A strain mutated in talC was severely affected in the production of disease symptoms. Analysis of growth in planta upon leaf-clip inoculation showed that mutant bacteria multiplied only at the site of inoculation at the apex of the leaf, suggesting a requirement for talC during colonization of vascular tissues. Such tissue-specific effect of a tal mutant is a novel phenotype, which has not yet been characterized in other xanthomonads. Microarray experiments comparing the host response of rice leaves challenged with BAI3(R) vs. BAI3(R)Delta talC were performed to identify genes targeted by TalC. A total of 120 upregulated and 21 downregulated genes were identified, among them Os11N3, which is a member of the MtN3/saliva family. Based on semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and beta-glucuronidase reporter assays, we show that Os11N3 is directly upregulated by TalC and identify a TalC DNA target box within the Os11N3 upstream sequence