97 research outputs found

    The origin and exchange of obsidian from Vinča-Belo Brdo

    Get PDF
    Regionalni značaj lokaliteta Belo brdo u Vinči i njegova aktivna uloga u mreži razmene najbolje se ogledaju u velikom broju 'egzotičnih' dobara koji u različitom stepenu karakterišu sve vinčanske nivoe. I dok su nalazi od bakra ili nakit od marinskih školjaka u poslednje vreme detaljno proučavani opsidijan je, kao važan simbol komunikacije i kontakata nadregionalnog značaja, ostao ograničen na tipološku analizu unutar okresane industrije naselja. Zbirka opsidijana iz Vinče, međutim, predstavlja jednu od tri najbrojnije zbirke na teritoriji današnje Srbije, i daleko najbrojniju zbirku južno od Save i Dunava. Njeni nedostaci su više kontekstualne prirode ogledajući se u nepostojanju preciznih istraživačkih podataka o sistemskom kontekstu većine artefakata, što je uostalom slučaj i sa većinom drugih objekata iz Vinče, i stoga će mnoga pitanja oko njihove vezanosti za određene objekte (odnosno domaćinstva), ili načina depozicije zauvek ostati otvorena. Ipak, za razliku od naselja oko Vršca u jugoistočnoj Panoniji, odakle za velike opsidijanske zbirke postoji malo podataka o uslovima nalaza zahvaljujući studioznom radu Miloja Vasića za nalaze iz Vinče postoje precizni podaci o stratigrafskoj poziciji i, prema tome, o relativnoj frekventnosti artefakata kroz sve stratigrafske nivoe. To je važno naglasiti jer vertikalne i slojevite sekvence vinčanskog naselja dozvoljavaju poređenje ne samo frekventnosti opsidijana kroz vreme, već i poređenje sa drugim vrstama importovanih ili lokalno izrađivanih dobara, trasirajući puteve i istorijski kontekst kojim su opsidijan i druga roba regionalnog i interkulturnog značaja dospeli na ovo važno nalazište evropske praistorije. Od vremena revolucionarne karakterizacije opsidijana šezdesetih godina 20. veka, analizi hemijskog sastava podvrgnut je tek neznatan broj uzoraka sa teritorije današnje Srbije, od čega najmanje sedam iz naselja u Vinči. Postojeći rezultati ukazali su da opsidijan sa centralnog Balkana vodi poreklo iz karpatskih ležišta što, s jedne strane, predstavlja dobru osnovu za odbacivanje nekadašnjih romantičarskih ideja o postojanju lokalnih izvora opsidijana negde na centralnom Balkanu, nudeći, s druge strane, dobro utemeljenje zaključke o mreži razmene interregionalnog značaja tokom kasnog neolita, čiji je važan deo bio i opsidijan. Ipak, neophodno je primetiti da dosadašnje karakterizacije, urađene na neadekvatnom broju uzoraka, iskazuju potrebu da se kompleksne stratigrafske sekvence naselja u Vinči, ali i drugih naselja u okruženju, protumače i kroz odgovarajući broj karakterisanih opsidijanskih uzoraka. Stoga je 2006. pokrenut veliki projekat karakterisanja opsidijanskih artefakata sa centralnog Balkana i u tu svrhu, iz okresane industrije naselja u Vinči izdvojeno je 60 uzoraka, što predstavlja oko 4% referentne zbirke. S obzirom na moćnu stratigrafsku sekvencu lokaliteta napravljena je kompleksna strategija selekcije uzoraka, sa jasnim metodološkim ishodištima: a) da izdvojeni uzorci reprezentuju celu neolitsku sekvencu i b) da se testira mogućnost buduće makroskopske autopsije porekla opsidijanskog artefakta. Nakon analize opsidijanskih uzoraka EDXRF metodom pokazalo se da svi artefakti iz Vinče potiču iz ležišta Karpatski 1 u današnjoj Slovačkoj (DIJAGRAM 1), što je potpuno u skladu sa svim ranijim karakterizacijama vinčanskih opsidijana u regionu, uključujući i one iz rumunskog dela Banata. S obzirom na broj karakterisanih uzoraka i kompleksnu proceduru uzorkovanja, stvorene su za dalji rad dve važne analitičke pretpostavke: prva, isključivo tehničke prirode, predstavljala je važan korak ka afirmaciji buduće makroskopske autopsije opsidijana iz izvora Karpatski 1 na centralnom Balkanu; i druga, u spekulativnom smislu dalekosežnija, da svi primerci iz opsidijanske zbirke sa lokaliteta Belo brdo u Vinči potiču iz samo jednog, dakle istog izvora. Ako se druga pretpostavka u budućnosti pokaže kao tačna, onda posedujemo nedvosmislenu potvrdu da je zajednica u Vinči, uostalom kao i druge zajednice u okruženju, prepoznavala, cenila i vrednovala uglavnom opsidijan iz današnjeg ležišta Karpatski 1. Za razumevanje broja opsidijanskih artefakata i porekla sirovine, najvažnija su pitanja koja se odnose na karakter kontakata zajednice iz Vinče sa zajednicama na severu, preko kojih su taj opsidijan dobavljale. Tradicionalno se prihvata da su stanovnici naselja u Vinči intenzivne i dugoročne interkulturne kontakte održavali sa potiskim zajednicama u Karpatskom basenu o čemu svedoče ne samo mnogobrojni opsidijanski artefakti, nego i sporadična pojava keramike i drugog materijala iz potiskog kulturnog kruga. Osim toga šira zona srednjeg Podunavlja, zajedno sa Vinčom i jugoistočnom Panonijom deo je interaktivnog kulturnog kruga, u kome cirkulišu druge vrste kulturno nespecifičnih artefakata, npr. nakit od alabastera, mermera i marinskih školjaka. Opsidijan je svakako bio jedna od spona i razlog komunikacije i kontakata vinčanske i zajednica u Potisju, te se njegova dominacija u okresanoj industriji Vinče, nekoliko stotina kilometara od izvora, može razumeti kao proizvod efektne mreže razmene, koja je morala biti i bila je manifestovana i pojavom drugih egzotičnih dobara. Broj opsidijanskih artefakata u Vinči pokreće pitanje na koji način je nabavka opsidijana uglavnom iz samo jednog izvora uticala na njegovu dalju distribuciju u druge delove centralnog Balkana. Kako je primećeno, ukupna težina artefakata iz Vinče relativno je niska i mada je naselje moralo nekako uticati na količine opsidijana u naseljima južno od Save i Dunava, veliko je pitanje da li se može govoriti o organizovanoj i društveno stimulisanoj mreži razmene od Podunavlja prema unutrašnjosti Balkana. Opsidijanski artefakti na lokalitetima južno od Save i Dunava, naročito u dolinama Velike i Južne Morave, javljaju se u ograničenom obimu, pojedinačno ili do nekoliko desetina komada, ne uklapajući se najbolje u staru ideju Kolina Renfrua o proporcionalnom opadanju broja opsidijana tokom 'razmene duž puta'. Zadržavanje većine opsidijana u Vinči, kao i dalja razmena veoma ograničenog broja sečiva (i/ili jezgara?) ukazuju na to da je u mreži razmene postojalo više interaktivnih nivoa, te da su neka naselja svakako bila isključena iz nje. Takođe, u vreme kada frekventnost opsidijana u Vinči drastično opada neka naselja sadrže veoma ograničen broj opsidijanskih artefakata (npr. Gomolava, Divostin, Banjica), što pokazuje neki poremećaj u aktivnoj i dugo vremena praktikovanoj mreži razmene, i možda reflektuje šire kulturne promene u karpatskom basenu. U isto vreme, većina drugih na- selja na centralnom Balkanu, naročito ona južno od Save i Dunava, okrenuta su upotrebi lako dostupnih izvora kamenih sirovina u neposrednom okruženju naselja. Stoga bi u budućnosti pregled i karakterizacija opsidijanskih zbirki iz drugih naselja mogli ukazati na kompleksnost delovanja mreže razmene tokom kasnog neolita na centralnom Balkanu. Za sada, ne bi bilo na odmet pretpostaviti da najjužniji opsidijani iz Karpatske oblasti, otkriveni u Mandalo u Egejskoj Makedoniji i verovatno, nešto severnije u Žitkovcu na Kosovu, reprezentuju alternativne rute i obrasce kretanja različitih dobara, uključujući i kretanje pojedinaca van uobičajenih tokova recipročne razmene.Since the time of the revolutionary characterization of obsidian in the 1960's only a small number of artefacts from the Serbian sites have been analyzed, of which at least seven samples come from the site of Vinča. These results showed that obsidian was coming from Carpathian sources, disproving old romantic ideas of the existence of local obsidian sources in the central Balkans. These results allowed for the development of ideas about exchange networks of interregional importance during the Late Neolithic in which obsidian was an integral component. In this paper we will be discussing the results of the characterization of 60 obsidian samples, representing ca. 4% of the entire obsidian assemblage from the site. The samples were taken from the whole Neolithic sequence at Vinča selecting macroscopically different obsidian types

    Cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau proteins as predictors of Alzheimer’s disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment

    Get PDF
    Major efforts are under way to define reliable biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease. Highly significant increases of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in cerebrospinal fluid have been recently reported in Alzheimer’s disease patients compared to controls by several independent groups, including ours. These findings support the notion that cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau proteins may be very useful biomarkers in the early identification of Alzheimer’s disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment

    Severe Isolated Cognitive Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis - Indication for High Efficacy Therapy?

    Get PDF
    Isolated cognitive relapses (ICRs) are transient deficits in cognitive performance that are not accompanied with other symptoms typical for multiple sclerosis (MS). They are often missed and can lead to long-term cognitive decline. Considering possible devastating consequences of cognitive impairment, especially in working adults, and high economic burden of MS, it is of great importance to establish whether ICRs are sufficient to start with high efficacy therapy. 42-year- old women with a recent diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis developed significant impairment in almost all cognitive domains, with dominant difficulties in naming and low performance in phonemic fluency tasks, consistent with ICR. Her brain MRI showed new lesions affecting the anterior part of the thalamus and her condition partially improved on intravenous corticosteroid therapy. While waiting the disease-modifying therapy to begin, for what was now highly active MS, she developed subarachnoid haemorrhage which further narrowed the treatment options. This case illustrates the complexity of managing patients with MS and ICRs in at least three aspects. Firstly, the lack of uniform definition resulting in diagnostic delay of highly active MS and ICRs. Secondly, optimal treatment choices are often limited due to safety issues and reimbursement reasons. And thirdly, there is still an open question about the right treatment option for ICRs, so more research is needed

    Proactive Career Planning in the Maritime Industry: Enhancing Millennials’ Workplace Enthusiasm in Montenegro and Turkey

    Get PDF
    This paper seeks to examine the attitudes of millennial maritime students when it comes to career planning and proactive behavior, in order to efficiently, effectively develop each students’ potential, and direct the activities of decision-makers (maritime companies and educational institutions). This research was based on a purposefully developed conceptual model and empirical research conducted on a sample of 308 students from Montenegro and Turkey. The research relied on a referential career engagement scale. The relevance of the hypotheses was tested by means of SEM model, logistic regression, Kruskal-Wallis test and eta coefficient. The results obtained show that proactive behavior of maritime students is a consequence of their attitudes established concerning career development. However, the attitudes of students vary depending on their country of origin and the year of their studies. Thus, through the influence on attitudes these two factors indirectly affect the proactive behavior of students. This emphasizes the posibility to foster students’ proactive behavior regarding maritime career planing through effectively management of public policies of the country, especially those related to the educational system. These findings explain the relationships between the students and their career planning and proactive behavior, strengthening the students’ competitivity on the market. Therefore, the paper provides a significant contribution in offering insights to decision-makers and the creators of educational policies

    Study toward resolving the controversy over the definition of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis

    Get PDF
    Dysbiosis of the microbiome on the airway mucosa leads to the development of chronic inflammatory and allergic disorders. The aim of this study was to consider the potential diagnostic criteria for allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) and nonallergic fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS), and the role of fungal presence in an environment for the development of AFRS. In this study, 136 patients were divided into two groups: patients with positive specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and fungal finding (AFRS group), and patients with negative sIgE and positive fungal finding (FRS group). The study design included: anamnesis data, sIgE, eosinophil count and skin-prick test, rhinology and computerized tomography (CT) observation and mycological finding. Our results showed: (i) the prevalence in Serbia is: AFRS 1.3%, FRS 2.8%; (ii) 30.4% patients with sIgE+ had more often severe and recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) (P = .005) and the presence of polyps (P = .025); (iii) 46.4% patients with sIgE+ had positive fungi on the sinonasal mucosa and were considered as AFRS; (iv) patients with AFRS had more frequent asthma (P = .024) and chronicity of CRS > 10 years (P = .000). The persistent fungal presence and prolonged duration of CRS could be a silent threat for the progression of inflammation and development of FRS. Lavage with hypertonic-NaCl should be included in the everyday hygiene routine in an effort to decrease fungal load and antigenic exposure. The presence of allergological parameters and better response to corticosteroid therapy in AFRS patients should be considered as crucial diagnostic criteria for AFRS

    Calculating Lumbar Puncture Depth in Children

    Get PDF
    Lumbar puncture was performed in 195 children and the depth of needle was recorded. Our results show that the depth of lumbar puncture necessary to obtain uncontaminated cerebrospinal fluid correlates best with the child’s weight. The simple formula: mean depth of insertion (cm) = 1.3 + 0.07 x body weight (kg), can be used to estimate the depth of lumbar puncture of children older than 3 months. The depths of lumbar puncture of children younger than 3 months are mostly 1.0–1.5 cm

    Kolonizacija vankomicin rezistentnom bakterijom Enterococcus faecium i Clostridium difficile infekcija u hematološke bolesnice

    Get PDF
    Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), especially Enterococcus faecium, have emerged as significant nosocomial pathogens and patients with impaired host defenses are at a particular risk of VRE infection. The most common occurrence is asymptomatic colonization of the gastrointestinal tract that can persist for a long time and serve as a reservoir for transmission of VRE to other patients. We present a case of a patient who was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia and suffered from bone marrow aplasia following induction therapy. The patient received prolonged broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. During hospital stay, the patient developed Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and was found to be colonized with a strain of Enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin during therapy for CDI. This case also highlights the role of risk factors that could contribute to development of resistance, particularly CDI. Early detection of VRE colonization or infection is a crucial component in hospital program designed to prevent transmission of nosocomial infections. Surveillance cultures of such patients should be mandatory.Vankomicin-rezistentni enterokoki (VRE), naročito Enterococcus faecium, spadaju među najznačajnije bolničke patogene, pri čemu su naročito ugroženi bolesnici oslabljenog imunosnog statusa. Pritom je najčešća pojava asimptomatske kolonizacije probavnog sustava koja može ustrajati duže vremena i biti rezervoar za širenje VRE na ostale bolesnike. Donosimo prikaz slučaja bolesnice s dijagnozom akutne mijelomonocitne leukemije praćene aplazijom koštane srži nakon indukcijske terapije. Bolesnica je liječena antibioticima širokog spektra. Tijekom hospitalizacije u bolesnice se razvila infekcija bakterijom Clostridium difficile (CDI) uz dokazanu kolonizaciju sojem Enterococcus faecium rezistentnog na vankomicin tijekom terapije zbog CDI. Također su prikazani čimbenici rizika koji su u navedenom slučaju mogli poslužiti kao potencijalni okidač za razvoj rezistencije, s osobitim naglaskom na CDI. Rano otkrivanje kolonizacije ili infekcije navedenim sojevima je iznimno značajan čimbenik bolničkog programa za prevenciju širenja bolničkih infekcija. Mikrobiološki nadzor uzimanjem nadzornih kultura mora biti obvezni dio protokola pri hospitalizaciji takvih bolesnika

    SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER RIGHT MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY IN THE FIRST EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS DURING NEUROCOGNITIVE TESTING

    Get PDF
    Background: Changes in cerebral hemodynamics have been reported in schizophrenia and proposed as underlying the cognitive deficits seen in patients. The objective of our study was to compare changes of the cerebral blood flow velocity (BFV) during neurocognitive tasks between the patients with the first episode of psychosis and healthy controls. Subjects and methods: We recruited 46 patients with the first episode of psychosis (FEP), admitted to the University Hospital Centre Zagreb during 2016-2017 and 41 control subjects. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography monitoring of BFV in both middle cerebral arteries was recorded during 25-minute long neurocognitive assessment with Phonemic Verbal Fluency test, Trial Making Test B and Stroop test. Between every consecutive test resting periods were recorded. Results: After the adjustment for age, sex and education by quantile regression, patients with FEP had significantly lower BFV in middle cerebral arteries during the 3rd

    Примена lc–ms/ms технике са јонском покретљивошћу за хемијску анализу екстраката прополиса са антимикробним потенцијалом.

    Get PDF
    The objective of this study was to test four-dimensional LC-ESI-MS/MS chromatography in analysis of complex mixture such as ethanol extracts of different propolis samples. In total more than 1200 picks were identified and only for 185 literature conformation was found. The given data represent the result of tentative identification, and summarized results are given in the text. Comparing the samples, from different altitudes, 96 components were detected as characteristic in high altitude samples and 18 in samples collected at low altitudes. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) and pro­pyl­ene glycol extracts of propolis (PGEP) were carried out on S. aureus, B. cereus, M. flavus, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, E. coli and E. cloacae bacterial strains and compared with broad-spectrum antibiotics, streptomycin and ampicillin. Anti-quorum sensing activity was performed on P. aeruginosa by testing the effect of representative propolis extracts on bio­film formation, twitching and motility activity and production of pyocyanin. We demonstrated that the majority of explored propolis extracts have greater or equal minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concen­tra­tion values compared to antibiotics, independently of the solvent used for the extraction. The samples collected from the highest altitude emerged as least active antimicrobial agents but with the greatest potential as anti-quorum sen­sing agents.Циљ овог истраживања је билo тестирање четвородимензионалне LC–ESI-MS/MS хроматографије у анализи комплексних смеша, као што су етанолни екстракти различитих узорака прополиса. Укупно је идентификовано више од 1200 пикова, а самo за 185 смо нашли литературну потврду. Приказани подаци представљају тентативну идентификацију и сумирани резултат је дат у тексту. Поређењем узорака са различитих надморских висина, за 96 једињења је утврђено да се налазе само у узорцима са високе надморске висине и 18 само у узорцима прикупљеним на нижим надморским висинама. Антибактеријске активности етанолних и пропиленгликолних екстрактата прополиса (EEP и PGEP, редом) тестиране су на S. aureus, B. cereus, M. flavus, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, E. coli и E. cloacae бактеријским линијама и поређене са анти- биотицима широког спектра деловања, стрептомицином и ампицилином. Anti-quorum sensing активност је тестирана на P. aeruginosa испитивањем ефекта репрезентативних екстраката прополиса на формирање биофилма, тестовима покретљивости руба коло- није (twitching и mobility) и производње пиоцианина. Показали смо да највећи број, коришћених екстраката прополиса, има истe и/или мање MIC и MBC вредности, у поре- ђењу са атибиотицима, независно од растварача коришћеног за екстракцију. Узорци прикупљени на високим надморским висинама су се показали као најмање активни антибактерициди али имају велики anti-quorum sensing потенцијал.Part of the theme issue honoring Professor Emeritus Slobodan Milosavljevićs 80th birthday
    corecore