Artificial diagnosis of sensory taints due to brettanomyces spp. contamination in Valpolicella wines

Diagnosis and intervention to avoid Brett taints in the product can be a time-consuming task for the enologist in large production facilities and an instrumental and automated detection systems assisting the local expert technician would be desirable. This paper investigates whether electronic noses, which have been tested in other wine making and classification tasks, can be of use in detecting Brett taints in Valpolicella wines

Toward the implementation of the income stabilization tool: An analysis of factors affecting the probability of farm income losses in Italy

Over the last years, EU agricultural farms suffered an increased sensitivity to market fluctuations in terms of both production flows and incomes, due especially to climate change and market globalisation. In addition to previous instruments as insurances and mutual funds, the new reform of European Common Agricultural Policy 2014-2020 proposes a new instrument, namely the Income Stabilisation Tool (IST), in order to specifically support farmers' severe income drops. This study aims at contributing to the lively debate on risk management linked to the implementation of the IST by estimating the probability of income loss in relation to farm attributes in Italy

Convergencia cultural en el consumo mundial de vino

This paper addresses the dynamics of world wine consumption over the past 50 years in 26 countries, verifying whether or not there is a macro-tendency towards a common consumption style, despite differences in taxation, economic policies and distribution systems among countries. From an empirical point of view, the σ and β convergence hypotheses were formally tested. Model results confirm the existence of both types of convergences. Per capita consumption of wine first experienced a reduction in differences between countries and then converged toward a central value. "Traditional" countries, with historically high levels of consumption, showed a decrease in wine consumption, while emerging countries with historically lower consumption levels showed an increase. These findings not only provide further support to the theory of international convergence of wine consumption on a volume basis, as already observed by other researchers in the European market, but they also offer support for the theory in major world markets. Furthermore, convergence appears to be happening not only at a quantitative level but at qualitative level as well, and this phenomenon may very well reflect the changing tastes of worldwide consumers towards a generalized structure of wine consumption.Este paper compara las dinámicas del consumo internacional de vino de los últimos 50 años en 26 países, con el objetivo de averiguar si existe una tendencia global hacia un estilo de consumo común, al margen de las diferencias impositivas y arancelarias, políticas económicas y sistemas de distribución de cada país. Los resultados del modelo confirman las hipótesis de convergencia de tipo σ y de tipo β: se observa una disminución en la diferencia d-el consumo per capita de vino entre países y posteriormente un aumento hacia un valor central, en términos de litros. Los países "tradicionales", con niveles de consumo históricamente altos, han experimentado una disminución del mismo, mientras que países emergentes con menor tradición de consumo de vinos han registrado un crecimiento. Estos resultados no solo apoyan la teoría del consumo internacional del vino desde un punto de vista cuantitativo, ya verificada en mercados europeos, sino que extiende su alcance hacia otros mercados. Se observa también una convergencia cualitativa, fenómeno que podría reflejar un cambio mundial en los gustos de los consumidores hacia un modelo con tendencias a la uniformidad.Fil: Dal Bianco, Andrea. Padova, Italia. Universidad de Padua.Fil: Boatto, Vasco. Padova, Italia. Universidad de Padua.Fil: Caracciolo, Francesco. Portici (Italia). Universidad de Naples Federico I

Rules, Organizational Structures and Economic Performance: The case of Prosecco Cooperative Wineries in the Treviso Area

The study performs an economic analysis of the rules that govern the organization of production within Prosecco cooperative wineries in the Treviso area, in order to assess the economic impact on the wineries performance and the ability of the institution to minimize transaction costs. We first present an economic discussion of qualitative and quantitative information gathered for the 16 cooperative wineries in the Treviso area. Then we present a theoretical framework for the economics of transaction costs of the cooperative wineries. Despite the “fame” of the cooperative winery of an inefficient, assistance-based institution, it emerges the profile of a complex structure, which seeks to incorporate the values of social and cultural cohesion and competitiveness in the markets, within the mission of a company. There is a strong link between regulation of quality standards and impacts on the winery economic performance. In the case of the winery, achieving mutualism is paradoxically favored by the maximization of profits and the ability to do business

Convergencia cultural en el consumo mundial de vino

This paper addresses the dynamics of world wine consumption over the past 50 years in 26 countries, verifying whether or not there is a macro-tendency towards a common consumption style, despite differences in taxation, economic policies and distribution systems among countries. From an empirical point of view, the σ and β convergence hypotheses were formally tested. Model results confirm the existence of both types of convergences. Per capita consumption of wine first experienced a reduction in differences between countries and then converged toward a central value. "Traditional" countries, with historically high levels of consumption, showed a decrease in wine consumption, while emerging countries with historically lower consumption levels showed an increase. These findings not only provide further support to the theory of international convergence of wine consumption on a volume basis, as already observed by other researchers in the European market, but they also offer support for the theory in major world markets. Furthermore, convergence appears to be happening not only at a quantitative level but at qualitative level as well, and this phenomenon may very well reflect the changing tastes of worldwide consumers towards a generalized structure of wine consumption.Este paper compara las dinámicas del consumo internacional de vino de los últimos 50 años en 26 países, con el objetivo de averiguar si existe una tendencia global hacia un estilo de consumo común, al margen de las diferencias impositivas y arancelarias, políticas económicas y sistemas de distribución de cada país. Los resultados del modelo confirman las hipótesis de convergencia de tipo σ y de tipo β: se observa una disminución en la diferencia d-el consumo per capita de vino entre países y posteriormente un aumento hacia un valor central, en términos de litros. Los países "tradicionales", con niveles de consumo históricamente altos, han experimentado una disminución del mismo, mientras que países emergentes con menor tradición de consumo de vinos han registrado un crecimiento. Estos resultados no solo apoyan la teoría del consumo internacional del vino desde un punto de vista cuantitativo, ya verificada en mercados europeos, sino que extiende su alcance hacia otros mercados. Se observa también una convergencia cualitativa, fenómeno que podría reflejar un cambio mundial en los gustos de los consumidores hacia un modelo con tendencias a la uniformidad

is there a way to rate insecticides that is less detrimental to human and environmental health

Plant protection is essential for providing high-quality food in adequate quantities. However, the use of insecticides often induces adverse effects on environment and human health. The Agency for the Environmental Protection of Tuscany (Italy) arranges pesticide ingredients in five classes basing on their impact on human health. We classified the pesticide treatments carried out by 48 winegrowers of the Veneto Region (Italy) in relation to the active ingredients contained into the used pesticides over a three-year period (2015–2017). It was found that the cost of insecticides and their class of impact were related, and that the cost's pressure led farmers to favor insecticides with active ingredients having a high negative impact on human health. The same active ingredients are used worldwide. We propose to implement taxation measures and subsidies to deter the use of the most harmful insecticides. Keywords: Insecticides, Biodiversity decline, Sustainable viticulture, Human health, Vine cultivatio

Rules, Organizational Structures and Economic Performance: The case of Prosecco Cooperative Wineries in the Treviso Area

The study performs an economic analysis of the rules that govern the organization of production within Prosecco cooperative wineries in the Treviso area, in order to assess the economic impact on the wineries performance and the ability of the institution to minimize transaction costs. We first present an economic discussion of qualitative and quantitative information gathered for the 16 cooperative wineries in the Treviso area. Then we present a theoretical framework for the economics of transaction costs of the cooperative wineries. Despite the “fame” of the cooperative winery of an inefficient, assistance-based institution, it emerges the profile of a complex structure, which seeks to incorporate the values of social and cultural cohesion and competitiveness in the markets, within the mission of a company. There is a strong link between regulation of quality standards and impacts on the winery economic performance. In the case of the winery, achieving mutualism is paradoxically favored by the maximization of profits and the ability to do business

Valutazione della risorsa irrigua di soccorso nella produzione del Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG

In viticulture, the management of water resources is a relevant issue in the profiles of a socio – economic, environmental sustainability policy turned to the development of the vine-growing territories with Designation of Origin. The paper has set itself the goal of an economic assessment on business decisions related to a drought risk in the Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG, using the Bayesian methodology. The results showed the importance of an investment strategy that provides for the systematic introduction of emergency drought irrigation in the area DOCG’s vineyards which will guarantee the quality and the supply of the raw material, taking into account both the current evolution in marketing the product and the climate change scenarios.In viticulture, the management of water resources is a relevant issue in the profiles of a socio – economic, environmental sustainability policy turned to the development of the vine-growing territories with Designation of Origin. The paper has set itself the goal of an economic assessment on business decisions related to a drought risk in the Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG, using the Bayesian methodology. The results showed the importance of an investment strategy that provides for the systematic introduction of emergency drought irrigation in the area DOCG’s vineyards which will guarantee the quality and the supply of the raw material, taking into account both the current evolution in marketing the product and the climate change scenarios

Tariffs and non-tariff frictions in the world wine trade

This article empirically investigates the impact of trade barriers on the world wine trade, focusing on trade costs impeding exports, including transport, tariffs, technical barriers and sanitary and phytosanitarystandards. A gravity model is estimated using data from the main importing and exporting countries for the years 1997 to 2010. The Poison Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator accounts for heteroskedasticity and the presence of zero trade flows. Our results identify which regulations can adversely affect trade, providing useful information to policy-makers involved in negotiations on trade frictions. While sanitary and phytosanitary measures do not seem to obstruct exports, technical barriers have a varying impact on trade. A decreasing trend for tariffs has largely been compensated by more stringent technical barriers. The overall result is that frictions in the world wine trade have not changed during the past fifteen years

Tariffs and non-tariff frictions in the world wine trade

This article empirically investigates the impact of trade barriers on the world wine trade, focusing on trade costs impeding exports, including transport, tariffs, technical barriers and sanitary and phytosanitarystandards. A gravity model is estimated using data from the main importing and exporting countries for the years 1997 to 2010. The Poison Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator accounts for heteroskedasticity and the presence of zero trade flows. Our results identify which regulations can adversely affect trade, providing useful information to policy-makers involved in negotiations on trade frictions. While sanitary and phytosanitary measures do not seem to obstruct exports, technical barriers have a varying impact on trade. A decreasing trend for tariffs has largely been compensated by more stringent technical barriers. The overall result is that frictions in the world wine trade have not changed during the past fifteen years