Noisy talk

We investigate strategic information transmission with communication error, or noise. Our main finding is that adding noise can improve welfare. With quadratic preferences and a uniform type distribution, welfare can be raised for almost every bias level by introducing a sufficiently small amount of noise. Furthermore, there exists a level of noise that makes it possible to achieve the best payoff that can be obtained by means of any communication device. As in the model without noise, equilibria are interval partitional; with noise, however, coding (the measure of the message space used by each interval of the equilibrium partition of the type space) becomes critically important.Communication, information transmission, cheap talk, noise

Staff Recent Interpretations Issued: AJ.Robbins April 10, 1998

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_assoc/1723/thumbnail.jp

Bridging the gap between academia and standard setters

Purpose This commissioned paper reviews literature outlining reasons for a perceived gap between academics and standard setters as policy makers. The aim of this paper is to emphasise how academics and standard setters can collaborate on accounting and audit research and assist standard setters to act in the public interest. Design/methodology/approach The approach is primarily a literature and document review of relevant issues, summarising New Zealand’s standard setting arrangements, providing examples of successful policy-changing research, and making recommendations on future research topics. Findings Despite the long-held views of a gap between academic researchers and standard setters, increasingly standard setters utilise research and request input from academics in their deliberations. Standard setters can increase the likelihood of relevant research by promoting critical issues for research and connecting their practitioner networks with academics. Academics can bridge the gap by selecting topics..

Final Report Health Assessment of the Aging and Aged Rocky Boy Tribal Health Board

This project extracted data from the medical records of elderly Indian people (45+ years) from the following eight reservations: Blackfeet, Flathead, Fort Belknap, Rocky Boys, Fort Peck, Wind River, Crow, and Northern Cheyenne. The purpose of the project was to develop a valid and accurate database from which health needs of elderly Indian people could be defined and assessed. These data would enable Indian communities and/or Tribal governments to develop health program proposals for their aged. First, an objective of the evaluation involved identifying the aging and the aged Indian population at each Service Unit within the Billings Area. The health abstractors visited the reservations and used each facilities locator cards to identify the elderly. Then, medical records were studied for pertinent data and health assessments were completed on each individual. After the data was collected, an evaluation team was to analyze it in hopes of achieving a database useful for IHS staff, tribal health boards, local communities, etc.Although the records in most Service Units were in very poor condition, the following were clearly identified as major health problems for the elderly: dental, vision, hypertension, polyarthritis, tuberculosis, and cardiovascular disease. Further information was not available because the data had not been compiled or analyzed before the report was published.Because Phase II of this project had not been completed before this report was published, no project related recommendations were made. However, it is suggested that analysis, program effect, program changes, etc., should be initiated at the local level between the Indian community, tribal leaders, and IHS staff

Glutathione s-transferase omega in the lung and sputum supernatants of COPD patients

BACKGROUND: The major contribution to oxidant related lung damage in COPD is from the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and possibly impaired antioxidant defence. Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most important antioxidants in human lung and lung secretions, but the mechanisms participating in its homeostasis are partly unclear. Glutathione-S-transferase omega (GSTO) is a recently characterized cysteine containing enzyme with the capability to bind and release GSH in vitro. GSTO has not been investigated in human lung or lung diseases. METHODS: GSTO1-1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in 72 lung tissue specimens and 40 sputum specimens from non-smokers, smokers and COPD, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in plasma from healthy non-smokers and smokers. It was also examined in human monocytes and bronchial epithelial cells and their culture mediums in vitro. RESULTS: GSTO1-1 was mainly expressed in alveolar macrophages, but it was also found in airway and alveolar epithelium and in extracellular fluids including sputum supernatants, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, plasma and cell culture mediums. The levels of GSTO1-1 were significantly lower in the sputum supernatants (p = 0.023) and lung homogenates (p = 0.003) of COPD patients than in nonsmokers. CONCLUSION: GSTO1-1 is abundant in the alveolar macrophages, but it is also present in extracellular fluids and in airway secretions, the levels being decreased in COPD. The clinical significance of GSTO1-1 and its role in regulating GSH homeostasis in airway secretions, however, needs further investigations